Method of use of an ionic liquid and device for sorption of a gas

Abstract

A method of use of an ionic liquid for sorption of a gas having an electric multipole moment is provided, wherein the ionic liquid comprises an anion and a non-aromatic cation. In particular, the electric multipole moment may be an electric dipole moment and/or an electric quadrupole moment. The sorption may be an adsorption or an absorption. The ionic liquid may be a pure ionic liquid, i.e. a liquid substantially only containing anions and cations, while not containing other components, e.g. water. Alternatively a solution containing the ionic liquid and a solvent or further compound, e.g. water, may be used.

1 . A method comprising:
 using an ionic liquid for sorption of a gas having an electric multipole moment, wherein the ionic liquid comprises an anion and a non-aromatic cation.   
     
     
         2 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the non-aromatic cation is an aliphatic cation. 
     
     
         3 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the non-aromatic cation is a quaternary material. 
     
     
         4 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the gas is one out of the group consisting of:
 H 2 O, HCN, H 2 S, H 2 Se, H 2 Te, CO 2 , CO, CS 2 , COS, CF 2 O, CF 2 S, O 3 , NO, NO 2 , N 2 O, N 2 O 3 , NOCl, NF 3 , HNO 2 , HNO 3 , RCOR′, RCOH, RCOOH, CF 3 SO 3 H, CF 3 COOH, RCOOR′, ROH, ROR, RSH, RSR, ROCl, ROBr, RONH 2 , RONHR′, RONR′R″, RSO 2 Cl, RSO 2 Br, ROCN, RCON, RCN, HF, HCl, HBr, HI, SO 2 , SO 3 , NH 3 , NH 2 R, NHR′R″, NR′R″R′″, PH 3 , PH 2 R, PHR′R″, PR′R″R′″, BF 3 , BCl 3 , BBr 3 , B 2 H 6 , BrF 3 , ClF 3 , ClF 5 , ClCN, IF 5 , AsH 3 , CH 3 F, CH 3 Cl, CH 3 Br, CH 3 I, POCl 2 , PSCl 2 , PF 5 , SF 4 , SF 6 , SO 2 F 2 , SO 2 Cl 2 , SOCl, H 2 C═CHBr, H 2 C═CHCl and ethylene oxide.   
     
     
         5 . The method according to  claim 4 , wherein at least one of R, R′, R″ and/or R′″ is a moiety out of the group consisting of:
 C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl and heteroaryl. 
 
     
     
         6 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the anion comprises a carbonate, an alkylcarbonate, an arylcarbonate a carboxylate, a carbanion, and/or an aromatic compound. 
     
     
         7 . The method according to  claim 1 : wherein the ionic liquid satisfies the generic formula [Q + ][A − ], wherein the anion is described by one of the following structures: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         8 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid satisfies the generic formula [Q + ] a [A a- ], wherein [A a- ] with the charge a-, is selected out of the group consisting of:
 dialkyl ketones, dialkyl-1,3-diketones, alkyl-β-keto esters, terminal alkines, linear or cyclic 1,3-thioethers, dialkyl phosphonates, dialkyl malonic acid esters, β-cyano carbonic acids and their respective alkylesteres, β-alkoxy carbonic acids and their respective alkylesters, β-cyano nitriles, cyclopentadiene (substituted if necessary), trialkylimines, dialkylimines, diaryl ketones, alkyl-aryl-ketones, diaryl-1,3-diketones, alkyl-aryl-1,3-diketones, β-aryloxy carbonic acids and their respective alkylesters, β-aryloxy carbonic acids and their respective arylesters, aryl-β-ketoesters, diarylphosphonates, alkyl-aryl-phosphonates, diaryl malonic acid esters, alkyl-aryl-malonic acid esters, β-cyano carbonic acids arylesters and arylimines.   
     
     
         9 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid satisfies the generic formula [Q + ] a [A a- ], wherein [A a- ] is a carbanion formed by deprotonating a chemical compound out of the group consisting of:
 acetoacetic ester, malonic mononitrile, malonic acid dimethylester, malonic acid diethylester, acetylacetone, malonic acid dinitrile, acetone, diethylketone, methlethylketone, dibutylketone, 1,3-dithian, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, crotonaldehyde and butyraldehyde.   
     
     
         10 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the anion comprises at least one polar group. 
     
     
         11 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the cation is a quaternary or protonated cation out of the group consisting of:
 ammonium, phosphonium, sulfonium, piperidinium, pyrrolidinium, and morpholinium.   
     
     
         12 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the cation is one out of the group consisting of:
 trialkylmethylammonium, tetramethylammonium, triethylmethylammonium, tributylmethylammonium, trio ctylmethylammonium trialkylammonium, trimethylammonium, triethylammonium, tributylammonium, and trioctylammonium.   
     
     
         13 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the cation is one out of the group consisting of:
 tetramethylammonium, triethylmethylammonium, tributylmethylammonium, and trio ctylmethylammonium.   
     
     
         14 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the anion is written in the form [RCO 2   − ], wherein [RCO 2   − ] is one out of the group consisting of:
 carboxylate, formiate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, benzoate, and salicylate.   
     
     
         15 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the anion is written in the form [RCO 2   − ], wherein [RCO 2   − ] is a carboxylate wherein R is a radical out of the group consisting of:
 C 1 -C 30 -alkyl, C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 30 -alkenyl, C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkenyl, C 2 -C 30 -alkinyl, aryl and heteroaryl.   
     
     
         16 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the anion is written in the form [RCO 2 ], wherein [RCO 2   − ] is a carboxylate wherein R represents one to three radicals out of the group consisting of:
 C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, halogen, cyanide, ORc, SRc, NRcRd, CORc, COORc, CO—NRcRd,   wherein Rc and/or Rd, is one of the group consisting of:   hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -halogenalkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, tolyl, and benzyl.   
     
     
         17 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the gas is CO 2 . 
     
     
         18 . The method according to  claim 17 , wherein CO 2  is sorbed from a medium which is selected out of the group consisting of:
 recovery gas, synthesis gas, water gas, inhaled air, and exhaled air.   
     
     
         19 . A device for sorption of a gas having an electric multipole moment, the device comprising:
 a reservoir of an ionic liquid comprising an anion and a non-aromatic cation.   
     
     
         20 . The device according to  claim 19 , wherein the device is a heat pump, and wherein the heat pump comprises a circuit including CO 2  and the ionic liquid comprises an anion and a non-aromatic cation as working media. 
     
     
         21 . A method comprising:
 using an ionic liquid for sorption of a gas having an electric multipole moment, wherein the ionic liquid comprises a carbanion and a cation.   
     
     
         22 . The method according to  claim 21 , wherein the ionic liquid satisfies the generic formula [Q + ] a [A a- ],
 wherein [Q] +  is one out of the group consisting of quaternary ammonium cation [R 1′ R 1 R 2 R 3 N] + , phosphonium [R 1′ R 1 R 2 R 3 P] + , sulfonium [R 1′ R 1 R 2 S] +  and a hetero aromatic cation.