Production of diesel fuel from vegetable and animal oils

Abstract

A process for producing a fuel composition from vegetable and/or animal oil comprises hydrodeoxygenating and hydroisomerizing the oil in a single step. The fuel composition has acceptable lubricity and comprises a mixture of C 14 to C 18 paraffins having a ratio of iso to normal paraffins of 2 to 8 and less than 5 ppm sulfur.

1 . A diesel fuel composition derived from oil selected from the group consisting of vegetable oil, animal oil, and mixtures thereof, the composition comprising:
 a mixture of C 14  to C 18  paraffins having a ratio of iso to normal paraffins of 2 to 8;   less than 5 ppm sulfur; and   acceptable lubricity.   
     
     
         2 . The diesel fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel composition has a lubricity of less than 400 μm according to ISO 12156/1. 
     
     
         3 . The diesel fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel composition has a lubricity of less than 300 μm according to ISO 12156/1. 
     
     
         4 . The diesel fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel composition has a lubricity of less than 200 μm according to ISO 12156/1. 
     
     
         5 . The diesel fuel composition of  claim 1 , further comprising one or more oxygenated compounds. 
     
     
         6 . The diesel fuel composition of  claim 5 , wherein the diesel fuel composition comprises less than or equal to 0.6 wt % of one or more oxygenated compounds. 
     
     
         7 . The diesel fuel composition of  claim 5 , wherein the one or more oxygenated compounds comprise one or more fatty acids. 
     
     
         8 . The diesel fuel composition of  claim 7 , wherein the diesel fuel composition comprises less than or equal to 0.4 wt % of one or more fatty acids. 
     
     
         9 . The diesel fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel composition is produced by hydrodeoxygenating and hydroisomerizing the oil in a single step. 
     
     
         10 . The diesel fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel composition has a cetane index of greater than 60, as measured by ASTM D4737. 
     
     
         11 . The diesel fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel composition exhibits on average less NO x  emissions than commercial crude diesel. 
     
     
         12 . The diesel fuel composition of  claim 11 , wherein the diesel fuel composition exhibits on average at least 25% less NO x  emissions than commercial crude diesel. 
     
     
         13 . A blended fuel composition comprising:
 the diesel fuel composition of  claim 1 ; and   fuel selected from the group consisting of fuel produced from crude oil, synthetic fuel, biodiesel, and mixtures thereof.