Methods and compounds for reducing allergic reactions to hair dyes

Abstract

Conventional commercial hair dyes form potent allergens and may also have irritant properties. If they were not already well established in the market and the side effects tolerated by consumers they would likely be deemed unsafe for use. The invention relates to compounds, compositions, formulations and methods for reducing, avoiding or eliminating allergic contact dermatitis reactions to conventional commercial hair dyes.

1 . A method of reducing induction of contact allergy or reducing elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis of, in or on the skin in response to hair dye comprising inhibiting oxidation of the hair dye. 
     
     
         2 . A method as claimed in  claim 1  wherein oxidation is inhibited or reversed using one or more of: antioxidant, reducing agent, and a neutralising system. 
     
     
         3 . A method as claimed in  claim 2  wherein the antioxidant is selected from vitamin E and vitamin E derivatives. 
     
     
         4 . A method as claimed in  claim 2  or  claim 3  wherein the antioxidant is selected from organic esters, fatty acids, vitamin E acetate and vitamin E linoleate. 
     
     
         5 . A method as claimed in any one of  claims 2  to  4  wherein the antioxidant is selected from 2-acetylhydroquinone, 4-butylresorcinol, acacia victoriae fruit extract, acer palmatum leaf extract, acetamidocaproic acid, acetyl benzoyloxy prasterone, acetyl cysteine, acetyl trihexyl citrate, adamantanyl hydroxylterephthalamide, adamantanylcarboxamido hydroxylbenzamide, adamantly methylhydroxylterephthalamide, adamantylcarboxamido methylhydroxylbenzamide, agrimonia eupatoria root extract, alchemilla vulgaris leaf extract, allantoin ascorbate, alpha-arbutin, alpinia uraiensis stalk/leaf water, aminoethanesulfinic acid, aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, aminopropyl tocopheryl phosphate, anserine, arabidopsis thaliana extract, arbutin, arctium lappa fruit extract, argon, asarum heterotropoides rhizome extract, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid polypeptide, ascorbyl dipalmitate, ascorbyl glucoside, ascorbyl linoleate, ascorbyl methylsilanol pectinate, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl stearate, ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate, ascorbyl tocopheryl maleate, asiaticoside, avena sativa kernel extract, bacillus/rice bran extract/soybean extract ferment filtrate, benzoguanamine, beta vulgaris root powder, bha, bht, bis-demethoxycurcumin, bis-hydroxyethyl tocopherylsuccinoylamido hydroxypropane, bromphenol blue, buddleja axillaris leaf extract, butylated xylenol, caffeic acid, calcium ascorbate, calophyllum inophyllum seed oil, camellia sinensis catechins, camellia sinensis leaf extract camellia sinensis leaf oil, capparis moonii fruit extract, capsicum annuum fruit extract, carnosic acid, carotenoids, cayaponia tayuya root extract, cercis chinensis flower/leaf/stem extract, chaenomeles sinensis fruit extract, chitosan ascorbate, chitosan glycolate, chitosan salicylate, chlorogenic acids, chrysanthemum boreale flower extract, cimicifuga dahurica root extract, cimicifuga racemosa root extract, cinnamomum zeylanicum bark extract, citrus junos seed extract, citrus medica vulgaris fruit extract, cobalt dna, copper adenosine triphosphate, coptis chinensis root extract, cordyceps sinensis extract, curcumin, cyamopsis tetragonoloba symbiosome extract, cyclopia genistoides leaf extract, cysteamine HCl, cysteine, cysteine HCl, davidsonia pruriens fruit extract, decyl mercaptomethylimidazole, demethoxycurcumin, di-t-butylhydroquinone, diacetylcurcumin, diammonium edta, diamylhydroquinone, dibenzothiophene, dibutylene tetrafurfural, dicetyl thiodipropionate, dicyclopentadiene/t-butylcresol copolymer, digalloyl trioleate, dilauryl thiodipropionate, dimethoxy di-p-cresol, dimethylmethoxy chromanol, dimyristyl thiodipropionate, dioleyl tocopheryl methylsilanol, diosmine, diospyros kaki calyx extract, diretinyl ether, disodium ascorbyl sulfate, disodium rutinyl disulfate, disodium salicylphosphate, disodium ubiquinone, distearyl thiodipropionate, ditridecyl thiodipropionate, dodecyl gallate, dunaliella bardawil powder, epigallocatechin gallate, epimedium sagittatum extract, ergothioneine, eriobotrya japonica leaf protoplast extract, eriocaulon buergarianum extract, erythorbic acid, ethyl ferulate, ethylbisiminomethylguaiacol manganese chloride, ethylhexyl ferulate, ethylhexyl gallate, eucommia ulmoides bark extract, forsythia suspensa fruit extract, fragilaria pinnata extract, furfuryl palmitate, gallic acid, ginkgo biflavones, ginkgo leaf terpenoids, glucosylrutin, glyceryl chromonyl ether, glycyrrhiza glabra root water, haematococcus pluvialis extract, haematococcus pluvialis oil, haematococcus pluvialis powder, hesperetin, hesperetin laurate, hesperidin methyl chalcone, histidine hydrochloride, honokiol, hydrolyzed aspergillus/ginseng extract ferment, hydrolyzed gardenia florida extract, hydrolyzed proanthocyanidin, hydrolyzed soy extract, hydroxy benzoxathiolone, hydroxydecyl ubiquinone, hydroxylamine HCl, hydroxylamine sulfate, inositol hexaniacinate hexaascorbate, isoquercitrin, kaempferol, kojic acid, kojyl glucoside, kojyl methylenedioxycinnamate, larrea divaricata extract, lens culinaris symbiosome extract, ligusticum striatum root extract, linseed oil ascorbate esters, lotus japonicus symbiosome extract, lycium chinense fruit extract, lycopene, lysine hydrochloride, madecassoside, magnesium ascorbate, magnesium ascorbate/pca, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, magnolol, malachite extract, malpighia punicifolia fruit extract, manganese adenosine triphosphate, manganese dioxide, matteuccia struthiopteris extract, melaleuca alternifolia leaf oil, melatonin, melia azadirachta conditioned media/culture, methoxy PEG-7 acorbic acid, methoxytrimethylphenyl dihydroxyphenyl propanol, methyl di-t-butyl hydroxyhydrocinnamate, methylene di-t-butylcresol, methylsilanol ascorbate, murraya exotica leaf extract, niacinamide hydroxybenzoate, niacinamide thioctate, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, o-tolyl biguanide, octadecyl di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, octanicotinoyl epigallocatechin gallate, olea europaea bud extract, olea europaea fruit unsaponifiables, oxycoccus palustris seed oil, p-hydroxyanisole, paeonol, palmitoyl grapevine shoot extract, PEG/PPG-100/70 tocopheryl ether, PEG/PPG-2/5 tocopheryl ether, PEG/PPG-30/10 tocopheryl ether, PEG/PPG-5/10 tocopheryl ether, PEG/PPG-5/20 tocopheryl ether, PEG/PPG-5/30 tocopheryl ether, PEG/PPG-50/20 tocopheryl ether, PEG/PPG-70/30 tocopheryl ether, pentaerythrityl tetra-di-t-butyl hydroxyhydrocinnamate, perilla ocymoides seed extract, perillyl alcohol, phenylthioglycolic acid, pikea robusta extract, pinus densiflora extract, pinus pinaster bark/bud extract, pinus radiata bark extract, piper nigrum seed, piper umbellatum root extract, pisum sativum symbiosome extract, platycodon grandiflorum root extract, pogostemon cablin leaf/stem extract, polygonum cuspidatum root extract, porphyridium polysaccharide, potassium ascorbyl tocopheryl phosphate, PPG-10 tocophereth-30, PPG-2 tocophereth-5, PPG-20 tocophereth-50, PPG-30 tocophereth-70, PPG-5 tocophereth-2, PPG-5 tocopheryl ether, PPG-70 tocophereth-100, propyl gallate, prunus cerasus extract, prunus cerasus fruit extract, prunus cerasus leaf extract, prunus salicina fruit extract, prunus spinosa wood extract, pyridoxine hydroxybenzoate, pyridoxine hydroxycitrate, pyridoxine salicylate, pyridoxine serinate, quercetin, quercetin caprylate, resacetophenone, resveratrol, retynil formyl aspartamate, rhodochrosite extract, rosa davurica bud extract, rosmarinic acid, rosmarinus officinalis flower extract, rubus arcticus fruit extract, rubus chamaemorus fruit extract, rutin, salnacedin, salvia officinalis extract, sambucus nigra bud extract, santalum acuminatum fruit extract, sargassum pallidum extract, sarothamnus scoparius extract, sedum rosea root extract, sideritis syriaca extract, smithsonite extract, sodium ascorbate, sodium ascorbyl phosphate, sodium ascorbyl/cholesteryl phosphate, sodium bisulfite, sodium erythorbate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium phosphono-pyridoxylidenerhodanine, sodium thioglycolate, sodium tocopheryl phosphate, sodium zinc histidine dithiooctanamide, sorbityl furfural, sponge extract, stearyl gallate, succinoyl ascorbate pentapeptide-6, superoxide dismutase,
 syzygium leuhmanii fruit extract, t-butylbenzamido hydroxylbenzamide, t-butylbenzamido hydroxylphenylacetamide, t-butylbenzamido methylhydroxylbenzamide, tbhq, telmesteine, terminalia ferdinandiana fruit extract, tetrabutyl ethylidenebisphenol, tetrabutyl phenyl hydroxybenzoate, tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate, tetrahydrobisdemethoxydiferuloylmethane, tetrahydrocurcumin diacetate, tetrahydrodemethoxydiferuloylmethane, tetrahydrodiferuloylmethane, tetramethylchromanol glucosides, thioctic acid, thiodiglycol, thiodiglycolamide, thiodiglycolic acid, thioglycolic acid, thiolactic acid, thiomorpholinone, thiosalicylic acid, thiotaurine, thioxanthine, thymol trimethoxycinnamate, tococysteamide, tocophereth-10, tocophereth-12, tocophereth-18, tocophereth-5, tocophereth-50, tocopherol, tocophersolan, tocopheryl acetate, tocopheryl dimethylglycinate HCl, tocopheryl linoleate, tocopheryl linoleate/oleate, tocopheryl nicotinate, tocopheryl retinoate, tocopheryl succinate, tocoquinone, totarol, tremella fuciformis sporocarp extract, triethyl citrate, trifolium pratense leaf extract, trifolium pratense symbiosome extract, trifolium repens extract, trigonella foenum symbiosome extract, tripropylene glycol, tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite, trisodium ascorbyl isopalmitate phosphate, trisodium ascorbyl palmitate phosphate, trisodium fructose diphosphate, trisodium resveratrol triphosphate, tyrosyl histidine HCl, ubiquinol, ubiquinone, vaccinium myrtillus bud extract, vaccinium myrtillus stem extract, vaccinium vitis-idaea fruit extract, vacciniumvitis-idaea leaf protoplasts, vaccinium vitis-idaea seed oil, vicia sativa symbiosome extract, vitis vinifera fruit powder, vitis vinifera juice, vitis vinifera juice extract, vitis vinifera seed extract, vitis vinifera skin extract, vitis vinifera skin powder, xylyl dibutylbenzofuranone, zinc adenosine triphosphate, zinc ascorbate, zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate and zinc thiosalicylate. 
 
     
     
         6 . A method as claimed in any one of  claims 2  to  5  wherein the reducing agent is selected from aminoethanesulfinic acid, ammonium bisulfite, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfite, ammonium thiocyanate, ammonium thioglycolate, ammonium thiolactate, calcium thioglycolate, cysteamine HCl, cysteine cysteine HCl, dihydroxyacetone, dithiodiglycolic acid, dithiothreitol, ethanolamine dithiodiglycolate, ethanolamine thioglycolate, ethyl thioglycolate, glutathione, glyceryl thiopropionate, histidine hydrochloride, lysine hydrochloride, magnesium thioglycolate, mercaptopropionic acid, ninhydrin, p-hydroxyanisole, potassium metabisulfite, potassium sulfite, potassium, tetrathionate, sodium bisulfite, sodium hydrosulfite, sodium hydroxymethane sulfonate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium thioglycolate, sodium thiosulfate, sodium tocopheryl phosphate, stannous chloride, strontium thioglycolate, superoxide dismutase, thiodiglycolic acid, thioglycerin, thioglycolic acid, thiolactic acid, thiosalicylic acid and zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate. 
     
     
         7 . A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the skin is pre-treated to inhibit oxidation prior to the application of the hair dye 
     
     
         8 . A method as claimed in  claim 7  wherein the pre-treatment is confined to non-scalp skin. 
     
     
         9 . A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the skin is post-treated to inhibit or reverse oxidation after the application of the hair dye. 
     
     
         10 . A method as claimed in  claim 9  wherein the post-treatment is confined to non-scalp skin. 
     
     
         11 . A composition for reducing induction of contact allergy or reducing elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis of skin to hair dye comprising one or more of: antioxidants, reducing agents, and a neutralising system. 
     
     
         12 . A composition as claimed in  claim 11  wherein the antioxidant is selected from vitamin E, vitamin E derivatives, organic esters, fatty acids, vitamin E acetate, vitamin E linoleate, 2-acetylhydroquinone, 4-butylresorcinol, acacia victoriae fruit extract, acer palmatum leaf extract, acetamidocaproic acid, acetyl benzoyloxy prasterone, acetyl cysteine, acetyl trihexyl citrate, adamantanyl hydroxylterephthalamide, adamantanylcarboxamido hydroxylbenzamide, adamantly methylhydroxylterephthalamide, adamantylcarboxamido methylhydroxylbenzamide, agrimonia eupatoria root extract, alchemilla vulgaris leaf extract, allantoin ascorbate, alpha-arbutin, alpinia uraiensis stalk/leaf water, aminoethanesulfinic acid, aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, aminopropyl tocopheryl phosphate, anserine, arabidopsis thaliana extract, arbutin, arctium lappa fruit extract, argon, asarum heterotropoides rhizome extract, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid polypeptide, ascorbyl dipalmitate, ascorbyl glucoside, ascorbyl linoleate, ascorbyl methylsilanol pectinate, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl stearate, ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate, ascorbyl tocopheryl maleate, asiaticoside, avena sativa kernel extract, bacillus/rice bran extract/soybean extract ferment filtrate, benzoguanamine, beta vulgaris root powder, bha, bht, bis-demethoxycurcumin, bis-hydroxyethyl tocopherylsuccinoylamido hydroxypropane, bromphenol blue, buddleja axillaris leaf extract, butylated xylenol, caffeic acid, calcium ascorbate, calophyllum inophyllum seed oil, camellia sinensis catechins, camellia sinensis leaf extract camellia sinensis leaf oil, capparis moonii fruit extract, capsicum annum fruit extract, carnosic acid, carotenoids, cayaponia tayuya root extract, cercis chinensis flower/leaf/stem extract, chaenomeles sinensis fruit extract, chitosan ascorbate, chitosan glycolate, chitosan salicylate, chlorogenic acids, chrysanthemum boreale flower extract, cimicifuga dahurica root extract, cimicifuga racemosa root extract, cinnamomum zeylanicum bark extract, citrus junos seed extract, citrus medica vulgaris fruit extract, cobalt dna, copper adenosine triphosphate, coptis chinensis root extract, cordyceps sinensis extract, curcumin, cyamopsis tetragonoloba symbiosome extract, cyclopia genistoides leaf extract, cysteamine HCl, cysteine, cysteine HCl, davidsonia pruriens fruit extract, decyl mercaptomethylimidazole, demethoxycurcumin, di-t-butylhydroquinone, diacetylcurcumin, diammonium edta, diamylhydroquinone, dibenzothiophene, dibutylene tetrafurfural, dicetyl thiodipropionate, dicyclopentadiene/t-butylcresol copolymer, digalloyl trioleate, dilauryl thiodipropionate, dimethoxy di-p-cresol, dimethylmethoxy chromanol, dimyristyl thiodipropionate, dioleyl tocopheryl methylsilanol, diosmine, diospyros kaki calyx extract, diretinyl ether, disodium ascorbyl sulfate, disodium rutinyl disulfate, disodium salicylphosphate, disodium ubiquinone, distearyl thiodipropionate, ditridecyl thiodipropionate, dodecyl gallate, dunaliella bardawil powder, epigallocatechin gallate, epimedium sagittatum extract, ergothioneine, eriobotrya japonica leaf protoplast extract, eriocaulon buergarianum extract, erythorbic acid, ethyl ferulate, ethylbisiminomethylguaiacol manganese chloride, ethylhexyl ferulate, ethylhexyl gallate, eucommia ulmoides bark extract, forsythia suspensa fruit extract, fragilaria pinnata extract, furfuryl palmitate, gallic acid, ginkgo biflavones, ginkgo leaf terpenoids, glucosylrutin, glyceryl chromonyl ether, glycyrrhiza glabra root water, haematococcus pluvialis extract, haematococcus pluvialis oil, haematococcus pluvialis powder, hesperetin, hesperetin laurate, hesperidin methyl chalcone, histidine hydrochloride, honokiol, hydrolyzed aspergillus/ginseng extract ferment, hydrolyzed gardenia florida extract, hydrolyzed proanthocyanidin, hydrolyzed soy extract, hydroxy benzoxathiolone, hydroxydecyl ubiquinone, hydroxylamine HCl, hydroxylamine sulfate, inositol hexaniacinate hexaascorbate, isoquercitrin, kaempferol, kojic acid, kojyl glucoside, kojyl methylenedioxycinnamate, larrea divaricata extract, lens culinaris symbiosome extract, ligusticum striatum root extract, linseed oil ascorbate esters, lotus japonicus symbiosome extract, lycium chinense fruit extract, lycopene, lysine hydrochloride, madecassoside, magnesium ascorbate, magnesium ascorbate/pca, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, magnolol, malachite extract, malpighia punicifolia fruit extract, manganese adenosine triphosphate, manganese dioxide, matteuccia struthiopteris extract, melaleuca alternifolia leaf oil, melatonin, melia azadirachta conditioned media/culture, methoxy PEG-7 acorbic acid, methoxytrimethylphenyl dihydroxyphenyl propanol, methyl di-t-butyl hydroxyhydrocinnamate, methylene di-t-butylcresol, methylsilanol ascorbate, murraya exotica leaf extract, niacinamide hydroxybenzoate, niacinamide thioctate, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, o-tolyl biguanide, octadecyl di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, octanicotinoyl epigallocatechin gallate, olea europaea bud extract, olea europaea fruit unsaponifiables, oxycoccus palustris seed oil, p-hydroxyanisole, paeonol, palmitoyl grapevine shoot extract, PEG/PPG-100/70 tocopheryl ether, PEG/PPG-2/5 tocopheryl ether, PEG/PPG-30/10 tocopheryl ether, PEG/PPG-5/10 tocopheryl ether, PEG/PPG-5/20 tocopheryl ether, PEG/PPG-5/30 tocopheryl ether, PEG/PPG-50/20 tocopheryl ether, PEG/PPG-70/30 tocopheryl ether, pentaerythrityl tetra-di-t-butyl hydroxyhydrocinnamate, perilla ocymoides seed extract, perillyl alcohol, phenylthioglycolic acid, pikea robusta extract, pinus densiflora extract, pinus pinaster bark/bud extract, pinus radiata bark extract, piper nigrum seed, piper umbellatum root extract, pisum sativum symbiosome extract, platycodon grandiflorum root extract, pogostemon cablin leaf/stem extract, polygonum cuspidatum root extract, porphyridium polysaccharide, potassium ascorbyl tocopheryl phosphate, PPG-10 tocophereth-30, PPG-2 tocophereth-5, PPG-20 tocophereth-50, PPG-30 tocophereth-70, PPG-5 tocophereth-2,
 PPG-5 tocopheryl ether, PPG-70 tocophereth-100, propyl gallate, prunus cerasus extract, prunus cerasus fruit extract, prunus cerasus leaf extract, prunus salicina fruit extract, prunus spinosa wood extract, pyridoxine hydroxybenzoate, pyridoxine hydroxycitrate, pyridoxine salicylate, pyridoxine serinate, quercetin, quercetin caprylate, resacetophenone, resveratrol, retynil formyl aspartamate, rhodochrosite extract, rosa davurica bud extract, rosmarinic acid, rosmarinus officinalis flower extract, rubus arcticus fruit extract, rubus chamaemorus fruit extract, rutin, salnacedin, salvia officinalis extract, sambucus nigra bud extract, santalum acuminatum fruit extract, sargassum pallidum extract, sarothamnus scoparius extract, sedum rosea root extract, sideritis syriaca extract, smithsonite extract, sodium ascorbate, sodium ascorbyl phosphate, sodium ascorbyl/cholesteryl phosphate, sodium bisulfite, sodium erythorbate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium phosphono-pyridoxylidenerhodanine, sodium thioglycolate, sodium tocopheryl phosphate, sodium zinc histidine dithiooctanamide, sorbityl furfural, sponge extract, stearyl gallate, succinoyl ascorbate pentapeptide-6, superoxide dismutase, syzygium leuhmanii fruit extract, t-butylbenzamido hydroxylbenzamide, t-butylbenzamido hydroxylphenylacetamide, t-butylbenzamido methylhydroxylbenzamide, tbhq, telmesteine, terminalia ferdinandiana fruit extract, tetrabutyl ethylidenebisphenol, tetrabutyl phenyl hydroxybenzoate, tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate, tetrahydrobisdemethoxydiferuloylmethane, tetrahydrocurcumin diacetate, tetrahydrodemethoxydiferuloylmethane, tetrahydrodiferuloylmethane, tetramethylchromanol glucosides, thioctic acid, thiodiglycol, thiodiglycolamide, thiodiglycolic acid, thioglycolic acid, thiolactic acid, thiomorpholinone, thiosalicylic acid, thiotaurine, thioxanthine, thymol trimethoxycinnamate, tococysteamide, tocophereth-10, tocophereth-12, tocophereth-18, tocophereth-5, tocophereth-50, tocopherol, tocophersolan, tocopheryl acetate, tocopheryl dimethylglycinate HCl, tocopheryl linoleate, tocopheryl linoleate/oleate, tocopheryl nicotinate, tocopheryl retinoate, tocopheryl succinate, tocoquinone, totarol, tremella fuciformis sporocarp extract, triethyl citrate, trifolium pratense leaf extract, trifolium pratense symbiosome extract, trifolium repens extract, trigonella foenum symbiosome extract, tripropylene glycol, tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite, trisodium ascorbyl isopalmitate phosphate, trisodium ascorbyl palmitate phosphate, trisodium fructose diphosphate, trisodium resveratrol triphosphate, tyrosyl histidine HCl, ubiquinol, ubiquinone, vaccinium myrtillus bud extract, vaccinium myrtillus stem extract, vaccinium vitis-idaea fruit extract, vacciniumvitis-idaea leaf protoplasts, vaccinium vitis-idaea seed oil, vicia sativa symbiosome extract, vitis vinifera fruit powder, vitis vinifera juice, vitis vinifera juice extract, vitis vinifera seed extract, vitis vinifera skin extract, vitis vinifera skin powder, xylyl dibutylbenzofuranone, zinc adenosine triphosphate, zinc ascorbate, zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate and zinc thiosalicylate. 
 
     
     
         13 . A composition as claimed in any one of  claims 11  to  12  wherein the reducing agent is selected from aminoethanesulfinic acid, ammonium bisulfite, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfite, ammonium thiocyanate, ammonium thioglycolate, ammonium thiolactate, calcium thioglycolate, cysteamine HCl, cysteine cysteine HCl, dihydroxyacetone, dithiodiglycolic acid, dithiothreitol, ethanolamine dithiodiglycolate, ethanolamine thioglycolate, ethyl thioglycolate, glutathione, glyceryl thiopropionate, histidine hydrochloride, lysine hydrochloride, magnesium thioglycolate, mercaptopropionic acid, ninhydrin, p-hydroxyanisole, potassium metabisulfite, potassium sulfite, potassium, tetrathionate, sodium bisulfite, sodium hydrosulfite, sodium hydroxymethane sulfonate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium thioglycolate, sodium thiosulfate, sodium tocopheryl phosphate, stannous chloride, strontium thioglycolate, superoxide dismutase, thiodiglycolic acid, thioglycerin, thioglycolic acid, thiolactic acid, thiosalicylic acid and zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate.