Dna sequencing using multiple metal layer structure with organic coatings forming transient bonding to dna bases

Abstract

A nanodevice is provided. A reservoir is filled with an ionic fluid. A membrane separates the reservoir, and the membrane includes electrode layers separated by insulating layers in which the electrode layers have an organic coating. A nanopore is formed through the membrane, and the organic coating on the electrode layers forms transient bonds to a base of a molecule in the nanopore. When a first voltage is applied to the electrode layers a tunneling current is generated by the base in the nanopore, and the tunneling current travels through the transient bonds formed to the base to be measured as a current signature for distinguishing the base.

1 . A nanodevice, comprising:
 a reservoir filled with ionic fluid;   a membrane separating the reservoir, the membrane comprises electrode layers separated by insulating layers in which the electrode layers have an organic coating; and   a nanopore formed through the membrane, the organic coating on the electrode layers forms transient bonds to a base of a molecule in the nanopore;   wherein, when a first voltage is applied to the electrode layers, a tunneling current is generated by the base in the nanopore, such that the tunneling current travels through the transient bonds formed to the base to be measured as a current signature for distinguishing the base.   
     
     
         2 . The nanodevice of  claim 1 , wherein two electrode layers of the electrode layers are configured to form the transient bonds with the base via the organic coating; and
 wherein the two electrode layers hold the base in place within the nanopore against thermal motion.   
     
     
         3 . The nanodevice of  claim 1 , wherein a second voltage is applied to move the molecule through the nanopore such that another base can be loaded to a vicinity of the electrode layers;
 wherein the organic coating on the electrode layers forms the transient bonds with the another base; and   wherein when the first voltage is applied to the electrode layers another tunneling current is generated by the another base, the another tunneling current to be measured as another current signature for distinguishing the another base.   
     
     
         4 . The nanodevice of  claim 1 , wherein when the base and another base are fixed by the transient bonds via the organic coating, the tunneling current is generated by the base and another tunneling current is generated by the another base in response to the first voltage;
 wherein the current signature comprises the tunneling current and the another tunneling current; and   wherein the current signature is resolved to distinguish the base from the another base.   
     
     
         5 . The nanodevice of  claim 1 , wherein the organic coating on the electrode layers forms the transient bonds to a plurality of bases of the molecule in the nanopore; and
 wherein, when the first voltage is applied to the electrode layers, the tunneling current concurrently travels through the plurality of bases, such that the current signature is based on the plurality of bases in the nanopore.   
     
     
         6 . A method for controlling a molecule in a nanodevice, comprising:
 filling a reservoir with ionic fluid;   configuring a membrane to separate the reservoir, the membrane comprises electrode layers separated by insulating layers in which the electrode layers have an organic coating; and   forming a nanopore through the membrane, the organic coating on the electrode layers forms transient bonds to a base of the molecule in the nanopore;   wherein, when a first voltage is applied to the electrode layers, a tunneling current is generated by the base in the nanopore, such that the tunneling current travels through the transient bonds formed to the base to be measured as a current signature for distinguishing the base.   
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein two electrode layers of the electrode layers are configured to form the transient bonds with the base via the organic coating; and
 wherein the two electrode layers hold the base in place within the nanopore against thermal motion.   
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein a second voltage is applied to move the molecule through the nanopore such that another base can be loaded to a vicinity of the electrode layers;
 wherein the organic coating on the electrode layers forms the transient bonds with the another base; and   wherein when the first voltage is applied to the electrode layers another tunneling current is generated by the another base, the another tunneling current to be measured as another current signature for distinguishing the another base.   
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein when the base and another base are fixed by the transient bonds via the organic coating, the tunneling current is generated by the base and another tunneling current is generated by the another base in response to the first voltage;
 wherein the current signature comprises the tunneling current and the another tunneling current; and   wherein the current signature is resolved to distinguish the base from the another base.   
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein the organic coating on the electrode layers forms the transient bonds to a plurality of bases of the molecule in the nanopore; and
 wherein, when the first voltage is applied to the electrode layers, the tunneling current concurrently travels through the plurality of bases, such that the current signature is based on the plurality of bases in the nanopore.   
     
     
         11 . A nanodevice, comprising:
 a substrate,   a nanochannel formed in the substrate, the nanochannel connecting two reservoirs, wherein the nanochannel and the two reservoirs are filled with ionic fluid;   a pair of electrodes having a nanometer size gap there between, the pair of electrodes being positioned along the nanochannel and in the substrate; and   an organic coating on an exposed surface of the pair of electrodes at an inner surface of the nanochannel, the organic coating forming transient bonds between the pair of electrodes and a base of a molecule in the nanochannel;   wherein, when a first voltage is applied to the pair of electrodes, a tunneling current is generated by the base in the nanochannel, such that the tunneling current travels through the transient bonds formed to the base to be measured as a current signature for distinguishing the base.   
     
     
         12 . The nanodevice of  claim 11 , wherein a second voltage is applied to move the molecule through the nanochannel such that another base can be loaded to a vicinity of the pair of electrodes;
 wherein the organic coating on the pair of electrodes forms the transient bonds with the another base; and   wherein when the first voltage is applied to the pair of electrodes another tunneling current is generated by the another base, the another tunneling current to be measured as another current signature for distinguishing the another base.   
     
     
         13 . The nanodevice of  claim 11 , wherein the transient bonds formed by the organic coating on the pair of electrodes causes the base to be fixed in place against thermal motion. 
     
     
         14 . The nanodevice of  claim 11 , further comprising another pair of electrodes having a nanometer size gap there between, the another pair of electrodes being positioned along the nanochannel and in the substrate;
 wherein when the first voltage is applied to the another pair of electrodes another tunneling current is generated by another base, the another tunneling current to be measured as another current signature for distinguishing the another base.   
     
     
         15 . The nanodevice of  claim 14 , wherein the tunneling current and the another tunneling current are concurrently generated by the base and the another base respectively. 
     
     
         16 . A method for controlling a molecule in a nanodevice, comprising:
 forming a nanochannel in a substrate, the nanochannel connecting two reservoirs, wherein the nanochannel and the two reservoirs are filled with ionic fluid;   configuring a pair of electrodes having a nanometer size gap there between, the pair of electrodes being positioned along the nanochannel and in the substrate; and   configuring an organic coating on an exposed surface of the pair of electrodes at an inner surface of the nanochannel, the organic coating forming transient bonds between the pair of electrodes and a base of the molecule in the nanochannel;   wherein, when a first voltage is applied to the pair of electrodes, a tunneling current is generated by the base in the nanochannel, the tunneling current travels through the transient bonds formed to the base to be measured as a current signature for distinguishing the base.   
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein a second voltage is applied to move the molecule through the nanochannel such that another base is loaded to a vicinity of the pair of electrodes;
 wherein the organic coating on the pair of electrodes forms the transient bonds with the another base; and   wherein when the first voltage is applied to the pair of electrodes another tunneling current is generated by the another base, the another tunneling current to be measured as another current signature for distinguishing the another base.   
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein the transient bonds formed by the organic coating on the pair of electrodes causes the base to be fixed in place against thermal motion. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 16 , further comprising configuring another pair of electrodes having a nanometer size gap there between, the another pair of electrodes being positioned along the nanochannel and in the substrate;
 wherein when the first voltage is applied to the another pair of electrodes another tunneling current is generated by another base, the another tunneling current to be measured as another current signature for distinguishing the another base.   
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein the tunneling current and the another tunneling current are concurrently generated by the base and the another base respectively.