Nanometer size chemical modified materials and uses

Abstract

There are provided ligand compositions and stationary phases comprising a polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxane moiety. Also provided are chromatographic devices comprising the stationary phases, and methods of making and using the ligands, stationary phases and chromatographic devices of the invention.

1 . A composition comprising:
 a solid support having an exterior surface;   a ligand comprising a polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxane moiety covalently bound to said exterior surface.   
     
     
         2 . The composition according to  claim 1  wherein said oligomeric silsequioxane moiety is covalently bound to said surface through a linker covalently bound to both said oligomeric silsequioxane moiety and said surface. 
     
     
         3 . The composition according to  claim 2  wherein said linker comprises at least 4 carbon atoms in sequence. 
     
     
         4 . The composition according to  claim 2  wherein said linker comprises at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, S and a combination thereof. 
     
     
         5 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein said solid support is a particle. 
     
     
         6 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein said support comprises a flow-through monolith. 
     
     
         7 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein said support is in particulate form, and wherein multiple support particles are disposed in a packed bed. 
     
     
         8 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein said support comprises a member selected from silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         9 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein said support comprises a silica monolith. 
     
     
         10 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein said support comprises silica gel. 
     
     
         11 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein said support comprises a silica/organic polymer hybrid. 
     
     
         12 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein said support comprises a silica core/shell material. 
     
     
         13 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein said support further comprises a plurality of pores each of which defines an interior space and said ligand is covalently bound to said interior space. 
     
     
         14 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said support comprises a polymeric synthetic organic polymer. 
     
     
         15 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said ligand comprises an alkyl chain having at least 11 carbon atoms in sequence. 
     
     
         16 . The composition of  claim 3 , wherein at least two of said carbon atoms in sequence are part of a ring selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl and substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl. 
     
     
         17 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said ligand comprises an alkyl chain of sufficient length to impart reverse phase chromatographic properties to said composition. 
     
     
         18 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said ligand includes an ion exchange moiety, imparting ion exchange properties to said composition. 
     
     
         19 . The composition of  claim 1  in a flow-through bed suitable for use as a chromatographic medium. 
     
     
         20 . A chromatography column packed with a separation medium comprising a composition of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         21 . A method for making a composition for the separation of analytes in a liquid sample, said method comprising:
 covalently bonding ligands to a solid support said ligands comprising a polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxane moiety covalently.   
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein said support comprises a flow-through monolith. 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein said support comprises silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein said support comprises silica. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein said support comprises silica gel. 
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein said support comprises a polymerized synthetic organic polymer. 
     
     
         27 . A chromatographic method comprising flowing a liquid through a bed of separation medium comprising the composition of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         28 . The chromatographic method of  claim 27 , wherein said liquid comprises anions, cations and uncharged molecules, each essentially retained by said separation medium. 
     
     
         29 . A method of separating analytes in a liquid sample comprising flowing said liquid sample through a chromatographic medium comprising a composition according to  claim 1 .