Therapeutic compositions

Abstract

Compositions comprising ketone bodies and/or their metabolic precursors are provided that are suitable for administration to humans and animals and which have the properties of, inter alia, (i) increasing cardiac efficiency, particularly efficiency in use of glucose, (ii) for providing energy source, particularly in diabetes and insulin resistant states and (iii) treating disorders caused by damage to brain cells, particularly by retarding or preventing brain damage in memory associated brain areas such as found in Alzheimer's and similar conditions. These compositions may be taken as nutritional aids, for example for athletes, or for the treatment of medical conditions, particularly those associated with poor cardiac efficiency, insulin resistance and neuronal damage. The invention further provides methods of treatment and novel esters and polymers for inclusion in the compositions of the invention.

1 - 31 . (canceled) 
     
     
         32 . A method of treating a human subject in order to increase their cardiac efficiency comprising administering to the subject an amount of metabolic precursor of D-β-hydroxybutyrate sufficient to elevate the subject's sum blood level of D-β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate to between 0.3 mM and 20 mM wherein the metabolic precursor is selected from (i) oligomers of D-β-hydroxybutyric acid, (ii) esters of D-β-hydroxybutyric acid or its oligomers with monohydric, dihydric or trihydric alcohols or with acetoacetate, (iii) esters of acetoacetate with monohydric, dihydric or trihydric alcohols, wherein the monohydric, dihydric or trihydric alcohols in (ii) and (iii) are selected from the group C1-C4 alkyl alcohols, (R) 1,3 butandiol and glycerol. 
     
     
         33 . A method as claimed in claim  1  wherein the subject has metabolic conditions which decrease the efficiency of cardiac hydraulic work.