Liquid Dye Formulations in Non-petroleum Based Solvent Systems

Abstract

An environment friendly writing instrument that includes a hollow body, an ink reservoir at the first end of the hollow body to hold ink, and a felt tip which extends from the reservoir to the second end of the hollow body, and a dye formulation comprising (I) a vegetable oil ester in an amount of between about 5 and 80 percent by weight of the dye formulation, (ii) a liquid solvent dye present in the dye formulation in an amount sufficient to impart a predetermined color to the dye formulation and (iii) sulfur in an amount of less than about 10 ppm, and wherein the ink is formed from the dye formulation.

1 . An environment friendly writing instrument comprising:
 an ink pen comprising (I) a hollow body;   (ii) an ink reservoir at the first end of the hollow body to hold ink; and   (iii) a felt tip which extends from the reservoir to the second end of the hollow body; and   a dye formulation comprising (I) a vegetable oil ester in an amount of between about 5 and 80 percent by weight of the dye formulation, (ii) a liquid solvent dye present in said dye formulation in an amount sufficient to impart a predetermined color to the dye formulation and (iii) sulfur in an amount of less than about 10 ppm;   wherein said ink is formed from said dye formulation.   
     
     
         2 . A writing instrument according to  claim 1 , wherein said vegetable oil ester is a methyl or ethyl ester. 
     
     
         3 . A writing instrument according to  claim 1 , wherein said liquid solvent dye is selected from the group consisting of CI Solvent Red, CI Solvent Red 2, CI Solvent Red 4, CI Solvent Red 68, CI Solvent Red 161, CI Solvent Red 164, CI Solvent Red 175, CI Solvent Red 208, CI Solvent Red 165, CI Solvent Blue, CI Solvent Blue 4, CI Solvent Blue 79, CI Solvent Blue 98, CI Solvent Blue 99, CI Solvent Blue 129, CI Solvent Orange 98, CI Solvent Yellow, CI Solvent Yellow 3, CI Solvent Yellow 4, CI Solvent Yellow 124, CI Solvent Yellow 143, CI Solvent Yellow 161, CI Solvent Black, CI Solvent Black 2, CI Solvent Black 7, CI Solvent Black 48, CI Solvent Brown 52, CI Solvent Green and their blends. 
     
     
         4 . A writing instrument according to  claim 1 , wherein said liquid solvent dye is selected from the group consisting of a CI Solvent Red 164-4-(phenylazo)-benzamine and mono-tetramethylated derivatives diazotized and coupled to heptylated 2-Naphthalenol; a CI Solvent Red 165 shaded with Solvent Orange 98; a CI Solvent Blue 98-9,10-Anthracenedione, 1-4 Mixed Alkyl-Amino; a CI Solvent Blue 79-9,10 Anthracenedione, 1,4 Mixed Alkyl-AlkoxylAmino; a CI Solvent Orange 98-1,3 Benzenedio-1,2,4 bis, (alkylphenyl-azo); a CI Solvent Blue 99-2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-{phenylazo}-benzamine diazotized and azo coupled to N-(alkylphenyl)-2-napththalenamine; a CI Solvent Red-4-(phenylazo)-benzamine and mono-tetramethylated derivatives diazotized and coupled to N-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-2-napthalenamine; a CI Solvent Red-2-Napthalenenamine-N-(2-ethylhexyl)-1-{{2-methyl-4-{(2-methyl-phenyl)azo}-phenyl}azo} and mixtures thereof; a CI Solvent Yellow-3-H-Pyrazol,-3-1,4-{(4-alkylphenyl)azo}-2,4 dihydro-5-methyl-2 phenyl, a CI Solvent Black-2-ethylhexyl cupra-amino complex of N-(4-alkylphenyl)-1-{{2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-{(phenyl)azo}-2-Naphthalenamin-e; a CI Solvent Yellow-4-alkyl benzamine diazotized and azo coupled to 1:3 benzenediol (2:1); a CI Solvent Red 175-Dinaptho(1,2,3,-cd:1,2,3,-Im) perylene-9,18-dion, lauryl derivatives; a CI Solvent Blue-4{(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)azo}-2-methoxy-5 methyl-benzenamine diazotized and azo coupled to heptylated{N-(4 alkyl phenyl)-2-naphthalenamine}; a CI Solvent Red-Benzamine, N-{2-(butoxy)ethyl}-4-(2-chloro-4 nitrophenyl)azo}-N-ethyl, a CI Solvent Red 161; a CI Solvent Yellow 143-3H-Pyrazol-3-1,4-{(4-alkylphenyl)azo}-2-(chlorophenyl)-2,4 dihydro-5-methyl; a CI Solvent Yellow 161-Colbate (1), bis{2 {{2-oxo-1-{(phenylamino carbonyl}-1-propyl}azo}-phenolate (2-)-, hydrogen, C 12-14-tertiary alkyl amine salt (1:1); a CI Solvent Black 48-Acetylated{Benzamine, N,N-bis{3-alkoxy-2 hydroxypropyl}-3-hydroxy-4-{{2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-(phenylazo)-phenyl}azo}-1-,cobalt complex (2:1)},N-butyl-1 butanamine salt; a CI Solvent Brown 52-Ferrate (1), bis {5-{N,N-bis(3 alkoxy-2-hydroxy propyl)amino}-2-{(5-chloro-2-hydroxy phenyl)azo}-phenolate (2-)}-hydrogen, N-butyl-1 butanamine (1:1) salt; a CI Solvent Red 68-1-[[4-(Phenylazo)phenyl]azo]-2-hydroxy-6,8-naphthalenedisulfonic acid; a CI Solvent Red 208-Dibutan-ammonium-bis-[2′,2-dioxy-4-di[2″-hydroxy-3″-alkylpropyl]ami-no-4′-chloroazobenze]-cobalt (alkyl-n-butyl or n-octyl); a CI Solvent Blue 129-Cuprate(2-), [29H,31H-phthalocyanine-C,C-disulfonato(4-)-.kappa.N29,.kappa.N30,.kappa.-N31,.kappa.N32]-, dihydrogen, compd. with 2-ethyl-N-(2-ethylhexyl)-1-hexanamine (1:2); a CI Solvent Blue-Cuprate(2-), [29H,31H-phthalocyanine-C,C-disulfonato(4-)-.kappa.N29,.kappa.N30,.kappa.-N31,.kappa.N32]-, dihydrogen, compd. with 2-ethyl-N-(2-ethylhexyl)-1-hexanamine (1:2) Benzen=nemethanol,4-(dimethylamino)-alpha,alpha-bis(4-(dimethylamino)phen-yl); a CI Solvent Black-Benzen=nemethanol,4-(dimethylamino)-alpha,alpha-bis(4-(dimethylamino)phen-yl)-Ferrate(1-), bis[2-[(4-amino-2-hydroxyphenyl)azo]chlorophenolato(2-)]-, N,N,N′N′-tetrakis[mixed 3-butoxy-2-hydrorxypropyl and 2-hydroxy-3-(octyloxy)propyl]derivs., hydrogen compounds with N-butyl-1-butanamine; a CI Solvent Black-1,3-Benzenediamine,4,4′-[(4-methyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(azo)]bis[6-met-hyl-C.I. Solvent Black 7; a CI Solvent Red-Amines, C12-C14-tert-alkyl, bis[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)azo]-3-oxo-N-phenylbutamidato(2-)-cobaltate (1-) (1:1) Spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H), 9′-(9H)xanthen)-3-1,3′,6′bis(diethylamino); a CI Solvent Yellow-Pheno-1,2,6-bis(1-methylpropyl)-4-[(4-nitrophenyl)azo]; a CI Solvent Yellow-Pheno-1,2,6-bis(1-methylpropyl)-4-[(3-nitrophenyl)azo]; a CI Solvent Yellow-Pheno-1,2,6-bis(1-methylpropyl)-4-[(3-nitro-4-chlorophenyl)azo]; a CI Solvent Yellow-Pheno-1,2,6-bis(1-methylpropyl)-4-[(2,4-dinitrophenyl)azo], a CI Solvent Yellow-Phenol, 2,6 Disecbutyl-4(3,4dichlorophenylazo); a CI Solvent Yellow-Phenol, 2,6 Disecbutyl-4-(2-nitrophenylazo); a CI Solvent Yellow-Phenol, 2,6 Disecbutyl-4-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenylazo; a CI Solvent Green-9,10 Anthracenedione,1,4 (dodecylphenyl); and blends of these compositions. 
     
     
         5 . A writing instrument according to  claim 1 , wherein the sulfur is present in the amount of less than about 7 ppm. 
     
     
         6 . A writing instrument according to  claim 1 , wherein the sulfur is present in the amount of less than about 5 ppm. 
     
     
         7 . A writing instrument according to  claim 1 , wherein said vegetable oil ester is present in an amount of between about 5 and 80 percent by weight of the dye formulation. 
     
     
         8 . A writing instrument according to  claim 1 , wherein said vegetable oil ester is present in an amount of between about 30 and 70 percent by weight of the dye formulation. 
     
     
         9 . A writing instrument according to  claim 1 , wherein, said dye formulation is present in a substrates elected from the group consisting of automotive fuel, transmission fluids, gasoline, heating oil, kerosene, stove oil, #2-cycle oil, diesel fuel, paraffin wax, hydrocarbon based marking inks, wood stain formulations, printing inks, xylene, isooctane and toluene. 
     
     
         10 . A writing instrument according to  claim 1 , wherein, said dye formulation is present in an ink cartridge for use in inkjet printers 
     
     
         11 . An environment friendly automotive fluid comprising:
 transmission fluid; and   a dye formulation in said automotive fluid comprising (I) a vegetable oil ester in an amount of between about 5 and 80 percent by weight of the dye formulation, (ii) a liquid solvent dye present in said dye formulation in an amount sufficient to impart a predetermined color to the dye formulation and (iii) sulfur in an amount of less than about 10 ppm;   wherein the dye formulation is present in said automotive fluid in sufficient amounts to detect leaks in automobile transmissions; and   wherein the dye formulation is present in said automotive fluid in sufficient amounts such that the levels of toxicity in said automotive fluid are substantially less than in an otherwise equivalent automotive fluid that include hydrocarbon-based dye formulation.   
     
     
         12 . An automotive fluid according to  claim 11 , wherein said vegetable oil ester is a methyl or ethyl ester. 
     
     
         13 . An automotive fluid according to  claim 11 , wherein said liquid solvent dye is selected from the group consisting of CI Solvent Red, CI Solvent Red 2, CI Solvent Red 4, CI Solvent Red 68, CI Solvent Red 161, CI Solvent Red 164, CI Solvent Red 175, CI Solvent Red 208, CI Solvent Red 165, CI Solvent Blue, CI Solvent Blue 4, CI Solvent Blue 79, CI Solvent Blue 98, CI Solvent Blue 99, CI Solvent Blue 129, CI Solvent Orange 98, CI Solvent Yellow, CI Solvent Yellow 3, CI Solvent Yellow 4, CI Solvent Yellow 124, CI Solvent Yellow 143, CI Solvent Yellow 161, CI Solvent Black, CI Solvent Black 2, CI Solvent Black 7, CI Solvent Black 48, CI Solvent Brown 52, CI Solvent Green and their blends. 
     
     
         14 . An automotive fluid according to  claim 11 , wherein said liquid solvent dye is selected from the group consisting of a CI Solvent Red 164-4-(phenylazo)-benzamine and mono-tetramethylated derivatives diazotized and coupled to heptylated 2-Naphthalenol; a CI Solvent Red 165shaded with Solvent Orange 98; a CI Solvent Blue 98-9,10-Anthracenedione, 1-4 Mixed Alkyl-Amino; a CI Solvent Blue 79-9,10 Anthracenedione, 1,4 Mixed Alkyl-AlkoxyAmino; a CI Solvent Orange 98-1,3 Benzenedio-1,2,4 bis, (alkylphenyl-azo); a CI Solvent Blue 99-2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-{phenylazo}-benzamine diazotized and azo coupled to N-(alkylphenyl)-2-napththalenamine; a CI Solvent Red-4-(phenylazo)-benzamine and mono-tetramethylated derivatives diazotized and coupled to N-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-2-napthalenamine; a CI Solvent Red-2-Napthalenenamine-N-(2-ethylhexyl)-1-{{2-methyl-4-{(2-methyl-phenyl)azo}-phenyl}azo} and mixtures thereof; a CI Solvent Yellow-3-H-Pyrazol,-3-1,4-{(4-alkylphenyl)azo}-2,4 dihydro-5-methyl-2 phenyl, a CI Solvent Black-2-ethylhexyl cupra-amino complex of N-(4-alkylphenyl)-1-{{2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-{(phenyl)azo}-2-Naphthalenamin-e; a CI Solvent Yellow-4-alkyl benzamine diazotized and azo coupled to 1:3 benzenediol (2:1); a CI Solvent Red 175-Dinaptho(1,2,3,-cd:1,2,3,-Im) perylene-9,18-dion, lauryl derivatives; a CI Solvent Blue-4{(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)azo}-2-methoxy-5 methyl-benzenamine diazotized and azo coupled to heptylated{N-(4 alkyl phenyl)-2-naphthalenamine}; a CI Solvent Red-Benzamine, N-{2-(butoxy)ethyl}-4-(2-chloro-4 nitrophenyl)azo}-N-ethyl, a CI Solvent Red 161; a CI Solvent Yellow 143-3H-Pyrazol-3-1,4-{(4-alkylphenyl)azo}-2-(chlorophenyl)-2,4 dihydro-5-methyl; a CI Solvent Yellow 161-Colbate (1),bis{2{{2-oxo-1-{(phenylamino carbonyl}-1-propyl}azo}-phenolate (2-)-, hydrogen, C 12-14-tertiary alkyl amine salt (1:1); a CI Solvent Black 48-Acetylated{Benzamine, N,N-bis{3-alkoxy-2 hydroxypropyl}-3-hydroxy-4-{{2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-(phenylazo)-phenyl}azo}-1-,cobalt complex (2:1)},N-butyl-1 butanamine salt; a CI Solvent Brown 52-Ferrate (1), bis {5-{N,N-bis(3 alkoxy-2-hydroxy propyl)amino}-2-{(5-chloro-2-hydroxy phenyl)azo}-phenolate (2-)}-hydrogen, N-butyl-1 butanamine (1:1) salt; a CI Solvent Red 68-1-[[4-(Phenylazo)phenyl]azo]-2-hydroxy-6,8-naphthalenedisulfonic acid; a CI Solvent Red 208-Dibutan-ammonium-bis-[2′,2-dioxy-4-di[2″-hydroxy-3″-alkylpropyl]ami-no-4′-chloroazobenze]-cobalt (alkyl-n-butyl or n-octyl); a CI Solvent Blue 129-Cuprate(2-), [29H,31H-phthalocyanine-C,C-disulfonato(4-)-.kappa.N29,.kappa.N30,.kappa.-N31,.kappa.N32]-, dihydrogen, compd. with 2-ethyl-N-(2-ethylhexyl)-1-hexanamine (1:2); a CI Solvent Blue-Cuprate(2-), [29H,31H-phthalocyanine-C,C-disulfonato(4-)-.kappa.N29,.kappa.N30,.kappa.-N31,.kappa.N32]-, dihydrogen, compd. with 2-ethyl-N-(2-ethylhexyl)-1-hexanamine (1:2) Benzen=nemethanol,4-(dimethylamino)-alpha,alpha-bis(4-(dimethylamino)phen-yl); a CI Solvent Black-Benzen=nemethanol,4-(dimethylamino)-alpha,alpha-bis(4-(dimethylamino)phen-yl)-Ferrate(1-), bis[2-[(4-amino-2-hydroxyphenyl)azo]chlorophenolato(2-)]-, N,N,N′N′-tetrakis[mixed 3-butoxy-2-hydrorxypropyl and 2-hydroxy-3-(octyloxy)propyl] derivs., hydrogen compounds with N-butyl-1-butanamine; a CI Solvent Black-1,3-Benzenediamine,4,4′-[(4-methyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(azo)]bis[6-met-hyl-C.I. Solvent Black 7; a CI Solvent Red-Amines, C12-C14-tert-alkyl, bis[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)azo]-3-oxo-N-phenylbutamidato(2-)-cobaltate (1-) (1:1) Spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H), 9′-(9H)xanthen)-3-1, 3′,6′bis(diethylamino); a CI Solvent Yellow-Pheno-1,2,6-bis(1-methylpropyl)-4-[(4-nitrophenyl)azo]; a CI Solvent Yellow-Pheno-1,2,6-bis(1-methylpropyl)-4-[(3-nitrophenyl)azo]; a CI Solvent Yellow-Pheno-1,2,6-bis(1-methylpropyl)-4-[(3-nitro-4-chlorophenyl)azo]; a CI Solvent Yellow-Pheno-1,2,6-bis(1-methylpropyl)-4-[(2,4-dinitrophenyl)azo], a CI Solvent Yellow-Phenol, 2,6 Disecbutyl-4(3,4 dichlorophenylazo); a CI Solvent Yellow-Phenol, 2,6 Disecbutyl-4-(2-nitrophenylazo); a CI Solvent Yellow-Phenol, 2,6 Disecbutyl-4-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenylazo; a CI Solvent Green-9,10 Anthracenedione,1,4 (dodecylphenyl); and blends of these compositions. 
     
     
         15 . An automotive fluid according to  claim 11 , wherein the sulfur is present in the amount of less than about 7 ppm. 
     
     
         16 . An automotive fluid according to  claim 11 , wherein the sulfur is present in the amount of less than about 5 ppm. 
     
     
         17 . An automotive fluid according to  claim 11 , wherein said vegetable oil ester is present in an amount of between about 5 and 80 percent by weight of the dye formulation. 
     
     
         18 . An automotive fluid according to  claim 11 , wherein said vegetable oil ester is present in an amount of between about 30 and 70 percent by weight of the dye formulation. 
     
     
         19 . An automotive fluid according to  claim 11 , wherein, said dye formulation is present in a substrates elected from the group consisting of automotive fuel, transmission fluids, gasoline, heating oil, kerosene, stove oil, #2-cycle oil, diesel fuel, paraffin wax, hydrocarbon based marking inks, wood stain formulations, printing inks, xylene, isooctane and toluene. 
     
     
         20 . An automotive fluid according to  claim 11 , wherein, said dye formulation is present in an ink cartridge for use in ink-jet printers