Palatinose for enhancing dietary supplement and pharmaceutical delivery

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a dietary supplement comprising palatinose or a derivative thereof. The dietary supplement may be a nutritional product, a sports performance product, a weight loss product or a meal replacement product. The present invention is also directed to a method of increasing the absorption of a compound into the bloodstream, cells and tissue comprising administering palatinose, or a derivative thereof, in combination with the compound.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A dietary supplement comprising palatinose and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of:
 (a) a composition consisting of one amino acid or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; and   (b) a composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids.   
     
     
         2 . The dietary supplement of  claim 1  wherein the composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids is a dipeptide. 
     
     
         3 . The dietary supplement of  claim 2  wherein the dipeptide is carnitine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof. 
     
     
         4 . The dietary supplement of  claim 1  wherein the dietary supplement further comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of a sugar; a stimulant; creatine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; coenzyme Q-10; a mineral; an undigestible bulk-forming starch; and carbon dioxide. 
     
     
         5 . The dietary supplement of  claim 1  wherein the dietary supplement further comprises carbon dioxide, and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of trehalose; amylose; glucose; a methylxanthine; creatine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; amylopectin; calcium carbonate; sodium bicarbonate; glucuronolactone; sulbutiamine or fursultiamine; orotic acid; vinpocetine or rhodiola rosea; coenzyme Q-10; and cellulose. 
     
     
         6 . The dietary supplement of  claim 1  wherein the concentration of palatinose is between about 1% and about 85%. 
     
     
         7 . The dietary supplement of  claim 1  wherein the concentration of palatinose is between about 10% and about 50%. 
     
     
         8 . The dietary supplement of  claim 1  wherein the palatinose present in the dietary supplement is between about 0.5 grams and about 200 grams per dose. 
     
     
         9 . The dietary supplement of  claim 1  wherein the amino acids are selected from the group consisting of taurine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; arginine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; citrulline or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; pyruvate or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; tyrosine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; tyramine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; histidine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; alanine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; phenylalanine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; 4-hydroxy-isoleucine; ornithine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; glutamine; branched chain amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; an amino acid chelate; 5-hydroxy-tryptophan; DMG; and TMG. 
     
     
         10 . The dietary supplement of  claim 1  further comprising one or more stimulants. 
     
     
         11 . The dietary supplement of  claim 10  wherein the one or more stimulants are selected from the group consisting of caffeine; octopamine; norsynephrine; synephrine; ephedrine; hordenine; theobromine; sulbutiamine; fursultiamine; octotiamine; and adrafanil. 
     
     
         12 . The dietary supplement of  claim 1  further comprising 7-keto-DHEA or an ester thereof. 
     
     
         13 . The dietary supplement of  claim 1  further comprising adenosine triphosphate. 
     
     
         14 . The dietary supplement of  claim 1  further comprising one or more sugars. 
     
     
         15 . The dietary supplement of  claim 1  further comprising one or more minerals. 
     
     
         16 . The dietary supplement of  claim 1  further comprising coenzyme Q-10. 
     
     
         17 . The dietary supplement of  claim 1  further comprising carbon dioxide. 
     
     
         18 . The dietary supplement of  claim 1  further comprising one or more of carnitine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof. 
     
     
         19 . The dietary supplement of  claim 1  further comprising one or more of creatine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof. 
     
     
         20 . A dietary supplement comprising palatinose, coenzyme Q-10, and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of:
 (a) a composition consisting of one amino acid or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; and   (b) a composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids.   
     
     
         21 . The dietary supplement of  claim 20  further comprising one or more of carnitine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof. 
     
     
         22 . The dietary supplement of  claim 20  wherein the composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids is a dipeptide. 
     
     
         23 . The dietary supplement of  claim 20  wherein the composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids is carnitine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof. 
     
     
         24 . The dietary supplement of  claim 20  further comprising one or more sugars. 
     
     
         25 . The dietary supplement of  claim 20  further comprising one or more stimulants. 
     
     
         26 . The dietary supplement of  claim 25  wherein the one or more stimulants are selected from the group consisting of caffeine; octopamine; norsynephrine; synephrine; ephedrine; hordenine; theobromine; sulbutiamine; fursultiamine; octotiamine; and adrafanil. 
     
     
         27 . The dietary supplement of  claim 20  further comprising one or more of creatine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof. 
     
     
         28 . The dietary supplement of  claim 20  further comprising carbon dioxide. 
     
     
         29 . The dietary supplement of  claim 20  further comprising 7-keto-DHEA or an ester thereof. 
     
     
         30 . The dietary supplement of  claim 20  further comprising adenosine triphosphate. 
     
     
         31 . The dietary supplement of  claim 20  further comprising one or more minerals. 
     
     
         32 . A method of increasing the absorption of a compound into the bloodstream, cells or tissue of a mammal, wherein the method comprises administering the compound to the mammal in combination with palatinose and one or more compositions selected from the group consisting of:
 (a) a composition consisting of one amino acid or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; and   (b) a composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids.   
     
     
         33 . The method of  claim 32  wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of a dietary supplement, a nutrient, a pharmaceutical, or vaccine. 
     
     
         34 . The method of  claim 32  wherein the mammal is a diabetic, burn victim or trauma victim. 
     
     
         35 . The method of  claim 32  wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of a dietary supplement formulation and a pharmaceutical formulation, and wherein palatinose and one or more compositions selected from the group consisting of:
 (a) a composition consisting of one amino acid or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; and 
 (b) a composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids, 
 
       are added to the dietary supplement formulation or pharmaceutical formulation prior to administration. 
     
     
         36 . The method of  claim 35  wherein the concentration of palatinose in the formulation is between about 1% and about 85%. 
     
     
         37 . The method of  claim 35  wherein the concentration of palatinose in the formulation is between about 10% and about 50%. 
     
     
         38 . The method of  claim 35  wherein the palatinose is administered in a dose between about 0.5 grams and about 200 grams. 
     
     
         39 . The method of  claim 32  wherein the composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids is a dipeptide. 
     
     
         40 . The method of  claim 32  wherein the composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids is carnitine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof. 
     
     
         41 . A method of increasing a characteristic in a mammal selected from the group consisting of athletic performance, strength, muscle development, stamina, energy, mental concentration, alertness, and percent fat-free muscle mass, wherein the method comprises administering to the mammal palatinose and one or more compositions selected from the group consisting of:
 (a) a composition consisting of one amino acid or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; and   (b) a composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids.   
     
     
         42 . The method of  claim 41  wherein the palatinose is administered in a dose between about 0.5 grams and about 200 grams. 
     
     
         43 . The method of  claim 41  wherein the composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids is a dipeptide. 
     
     
         44 . The method of  claim 41  wherein the composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids is carnitine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof. 
     
     
         45 . A method of reducing fatigue associated with athletic activity in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal palatinose and one or more compositions selected from the group consisting of:
 (a) a composition consisting of one amino acid or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; and   (b) a composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids.   
     
     
         46 . The method of  claim 45  wherein the palatinose is administered in a dose between about 0.5 grams and about 200 grams. 
     
     
         47 . The method of  claim 45  wherein the composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids is a dipeptide. 
     
     
         48 . The method of  claim 45  wherein the composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids is carnitine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof. 
     
     
         49 . A method of decreasing recovery time to pre-performance levels of total adenosine triphosphate levels in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal palatinose and one or more compositions selected from the group consisting of:
 (a) a composition consisting of one amino acid or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; and   (b) a composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids.   
     
     
         50 . The method of  claim 49  wherein the palatinose is administered in a dose between about 0.5 grams and about 200 grams. 
     
     
         51 . The method of  claim 49  wherein the composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids is a dipeptide. 
     
     
         52 . The method of  claim 49  wherein the composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids is carnitine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof. 
     
     
         53 . The method of  claim 32 ,  claim 41 ,  claim 45  or  claim 49  wherein the palatinose, and the one or more compositions selected from the group consisting of:
 (a) a composition consisting of one amino acid or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; and 
 (b) a composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids 
 
       are administered with one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of a sugar; a stimulant; creatine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; carnitine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; coenzyme Q-10; 7-keto-DHEA; a mineral; an undigestible bulk-forming starch; adenosine triphosphate; carbon dioxide; trehalose; amylose; glucose; a methylxanthine; amylopectin; calcium carbonate; sodium bicarbonate; glucuronolactone; sulbutiamine or fursultiamine; orotic acid; vinpocetine or rhodiola rosea; and cellulose. 
     
     
         54 . The method of  claim 53  wherein at least one compound is carbon dioxide. 
     
     
         55 . The method of  claim 53  wherein at least one compound is 7-keto-DHEA. 
     
     
         56 . The method of  claim 53  wherein at least one compound is adenosine triphosphate. 
     
     
         57 . The method of  claim 53  wherein at least one compound is a sugar. 
     
     
         58 . The method of  claim 53  wherein at least one compound is a mineral. 
     
     
         59 . The method of  claim 53  wherein at least one compound is coenzyme Q-10. 
     
     
         60 . The method of  claim 53  wherein at least one compound is a stimulant. 
     
     
         61 . The method of  claim 60  wherein the stimulant is selected from the group consisting of caffeine; octopamine; norsynephrine; synephrine; ephedrine; hordenine; theobromine; sulbutiamine; fursultiamine; octotiamine; and adrafanil. 
     
     
         62 . The method of  claim 32 ,  claim 41 ,  claim 45  or  claim 49  wherein the amino acids are selected from the group consisting of taurine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; arginine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; citrulline or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; pyruvate or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; tyrosine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; tyramine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; histidine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; alanine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; phenylalanine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; 4-hydroxy-isoleucine; ornithine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; glutamine; branched chain amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; an amino acid chelate; 5-hydroxy-tryptophan; DMG; and TMG. 
     
     
         63 . A method of increasing a characteristic in a mammal selected from the group consisting of athletic performance, strength, muscle development, stamina, energy, mental concentration, alertness, and percent fat-free muscle mass comprising administering to the mammal palatinose, coenzyme Q-10 and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of:
 (a) a composition consisting of one amino acid or a salt, ester or chelate thereof; and   (b) a composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids.   
     
     
         64 . The method of  claim 63  wherein the composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids is a dipeptide. 
     
     
         65 . The method of  claim 63  wherein the composition consisting of two amino acids or a salt, ester or chelate of said amino acids is carnitine or a salt, ester or chelate thereof.