Bone semi-permeable device

Abstract

Bone cages are disclosed including devices for biocompatible implantation. The structures of bone are useful for providing living cells and tissues as well as biologically active molecules to subjects.

1 .- 147 . (canceled) 
     
     
         148 . A method of making a device, comprising:
 combining an implantable bone structure configured to form an internal cavity and a semi-permeable component, the semi-permeable component composed of one or more layers of cells with tight junctions, such that an internal cavity is maintained.   
     
     
         149 . The method of  claim 148 , wherein the one or more layers of cells with tight junctions include one or more layers of endothelial cells with tight junctions. 
     
     
         150 . The method of  claim 148 , wherein the one or more layers of cells with tight junctions include one or more layers of epithelial cells with tight junctions. 
     
     
         151 . The method of  claim 150 , further comprising forming the one or more layers of cells with tight junctions by culturing stem cells in vitro. 
     
     
         152 . The method of  claim 148 , wherein the implantable bone structure includes at least one of organic, anorganic, demineralized, or freeze-dried bone. 
     
     
         153 . The method of  claim 148 , wherein the semi-permeable component is separately formed from the implantable bone structure prior to combining the implantable bone structure with the semi-permeable component, and further wherein the semi-permeable component is substantially continuous and capable of covering multiple pores formed in the implantable bone structure. 
     
     
         154 . The method of  claim 148 , wherein combining an implantable bone structure configured to form an internal cavity and a semi-permeable component includes lining the internal cavity with the semi-permeable component. 
     
     
         155 . The method of  claim 148 , wherein combining an implantable bone structure configured to form an internal cavity and a semi-permeable component includes at least partially surrounding the implantable bone structure with the semi-permeable component. 
     
     
         156 . The method of  claim 148 , wherein the semi-permeable component includes a biological semi-permeable membrane. 
     
     
         157 . The method of  claim 156 , wherein the biological semi-permeable membrane includes a plasma membrane. 
     
     
         158 . The method of  claim 157 , further comprising forming the plasma membrane by fusing the one or more red blood cell ghosts. 
     
     
         159 . A method of making a device, comprising:
 receiving an implantable porous bone structure that includes an internal cavity therein and a plurality of pores that are in communication with the internal cavity, wherein the implantable porous bone structure includes at least one of organic, anorganic, demineralized, or freeze-dried bone;   receiving a semi-permeable membrane, wherein the semi-permeable membrane is substantially continuous and capable of covering multiple ones of the plurality of pores of the implantable porous bone structure, and further wherein the semi-permeable membrane includes cells with tight junctions; and   combining the implantable porous bone structure and the semi-permeable membrane such that the semi-permeable membrane covers the multiple ones of the plurality of pores of the implantable porous bone structure, the semi-permeable membrane positioned and configured to allow one or more biologically active substances disposed in the internal cavity to pass through the semi-permeable membrane and out of the implantable porous bone structure while the semi-permeable membrane covers the multiple ones of the plurality of pores of the implantable porous bone structure.   
     
     
         160 . The method of  claim 159 , further comprising:
 wherein combining an implantable porous bone structure and a semi-permeable membrane includes lining the internal cavity with the semi-permeable membrane; and   disposing the one or more biological active substances in the internal cavity of the implantable porous bone structure.   
     
     
         161 . The method of  claim 159 , wherein combining an implantable porous bone structure and a semi-permeable membrane includes at least partially surrounding the implantable bone structure with the semi-permeable membrane. 
     
     
         162 . The method of  claim 159 , wherein the semi-permeable membrane includes a biological semi-permeable membrane. 
     
     
         163 . The method of  claim 162 , wherein the biological semi-permeable membrane includes a plasma membrane. 
     
     
         164 . The method of  claim 159 , wherein the implantable porous bone structure comprises living bone cells in artificial bone scaffolding. 
     
     
         165 . The method of  claim 159 , wherein the semi-permeable membrane is separately formed from the implantable porous bone structure prior to combining the implantable porous bone structure and the semi-permeable membrane. 
     
     
         166 . A method of making a device, comprising:
 receiving an implantable porous bone structure that includes an internal cavity therein and a plurality of pores that are in communication with the internal cavity;   receiving a semi-permeable membrane, wherein the semi-permeable membrane is substantially continuous and capable of covering multiple ones of the plurality of pores of the implantable porous bone structure, and further wherein the semi-permeable membrane includes cells with tight junctions; and   combining the implantable porous bone structure and the semi-permeable membrane such that the semi-permeable membrane covers the multiple ones of the plurality of pores of the implantable porous bone structure, the semi-permeable membrane positioned and configured to allow one or more biologically active substances disposed in the internal cavity to pass through the semi-permeable membrane and out of the implantable porous bone structure while the semi-permeable membrane covers the multiple ones of the plurality of pores of the implantable porous bone structure.   
     
     
         167 . The method of  claim 166  wherein the semi-permeable membrane is separately formed from the implantable porous bone structure prior to combining the implantable porous bone structure and the semi-permeable membrane.