Osmotic pump for forward osmosis devices

Abstract

A self-regulating FO system is disclosed comprising a container containing a source water supply, a forward osmosis membrane element located within the container comprising an area of osmotic membranes, an osmotic agent inlet and a drink outlet, an osmotic pump element also located within the container comprising an area of osmotic membranes, an osmotic agent inlet and a drink outlet, and an osmotic agent tank located above the container. The osmotic agent tank comprises a feed tube connected to an outlet located on the bottom of the osmotic agent tank. The feed tube communicates with the osmotic agent inlet of the forward osmosis membrane unit and the osmotic agent inlet of the osmotic pump element. A return tube communicates with the drink outlet of the osmotic pump element and a port near the top of the osmotic agent tank.

1 . A self-regulating forward osmosis (FO) system comprising:
 (a) a container containing a source water supply;   (b) a FO membrane element located within the container;   (c) an osmotic pump element located within the container; and   (d) an osmotic agent tank located above the container comprising a feed tube connected to an outlet located on the bottom of the osmotic agent tank;   whereby the osmotic pump element regulates osmotic agent flow rates into the FO membrane element by creating a density gradient within the osmotic agent tank.   
     
     
         2 . The self-regulating osmosis (FO) system of  claim 1 , comprising:
 (e) a container containing a source water supply;   (f) a FO membrane element located within the container comprising an area of osmotic membranes, an osmotic agent inlet and a dilute osmotic agent outlet;   (g) an osmotic pump element located within the container comprising an area of osmotic membranes, an osmotic agent inlet and a dilute osmotic agent outlet; and   (h) an osmotic agent tank located above the container comprising a feed tube connected to an outlet located on the bottom of the osmotic agent tank, the feed tube in fluid communication with the osmotic agent inlet of the FO membrane element and the osmotic agent inlet of the osmotic pump element;   whereby the osmotic pump element regulates osmotic agent flow rates into the FO membrane element by creating a density gradient within the osmotic agent tank.   
     
     
         3 . The self-regulating FO system of  claim 1 , wherein the osmotic agent is a syrup having a specific gravity of approximately 1.3. 
     
     
         4 . The self-regulating FO system of  claim 1 , wherein the FO membrane element is in the form of one or a plurality of spiral wound elements. 
     
     
         5 . The self-regulating FO system of  claim 1 , wherein the osmotic pump element is in the form of one or a plurality of spiral wound elements. 
     
     
         6 . The self-regulating FO system of  claim 1 , wherein a total surface area of osmotic membrane in the osmotic pump element is from about 1% to about 20% of a total surface area of osmotic membrane in the FO membrane element. 
     
     
         7 . The self-regulating FO system of  claim 1 , wherein the osmotic agent tank comprises a releasable top having a port thereon. 
     
     
         8 . The self-regulating FO system of  claim 1  further comprising a return tube in fluid communication with the dilute osmotic agent outlet of the osmotic pump element and a port near a top of the osmotic agent tank. 
     
     
         9 . The self-regulating FO system of  claim 1 , wherein the feed tube is in fluid communication with a “T” connector that splits the feed tube into two branches, a first branch in fluid communication with the osmotic agent inlet of the FO membrane element and a second branch in fluid communication with the osmotic agent inlet of the osmotic pump element. 
     
     
         10 . The self-regulating FO system of  claim 1  further comprising a collection tank configured to receive discharge dilute osmotic agent comprising an osmotic agent inlet in fluid communication with the dilute osmotic agent outlet of the FO membrane element. 
     
     
         11 . The self-regulating FO system of  claim 2  wherein the osmotic agent is a syrup and the dilute osmotic agent is a drink. 
     
     
         12 . A self-regulating forward osmosis (FO) system comprising:
 (a) a container containing a source water supply;   (b) a FO membrane element located within the container comprising an area of osmotic membranes, an osmotic agent inlet and a dilute osmotic agent outlet;   (c) an osmotic pump element located within the container comprising an area of osmotic membranes, an osmotic agent inlet and a dilute osmotic agent outlet; and   (d) an osmotic agent tank located above the container comprising a feed tube connected to an outlet located on the bottom of the osmotic agent tank, the feed tube comprising a first branch in fluid communication with the osmotic agent inlet of the FO membrane element and a second branch in fluid communication with the osmotic agent inlet of the osmotic pump element;   (e) a collection tank configured to receive discharge dilute osmotic agent comprising a dilute osmotic agent inlet in fluid communication with a dilute osmotic agent outlet of the FO membrane element;   (f) a return tube in fluid communication with the dilute osmotic agent outlet of the osmotic pump element and a port near a top of the osmotic agent tank; and   whereby the osmotic pump element regulates osmotic agent flow rates into the FO membrane element by creating a density gradient within the osmotic agent tank.   
     
     
         13 . The self-regulating FO system of  claim 12 , wherein the osmotic agent is a syrup having a specific gravity of approximately 1.3. 
     
     
         14 . The self-regulating FO system of  claim 12 , wherein the FO membrane element is in the form of one or a plurality of spiral wound elements. 
     
     
         15 . The self-regulating FO system of  claim 12 , wherein the osmotic pump element is in the form of one or a plurality of spiral wound elements. 
     
     
         16 . The self-regulating FO system of  claim 12 , wherein a total surface area of osmotic membrane in the osmotic pump element is from about 1% to about 20% of a total surface area of osmotic membrane in the FO membrane element. 
     
     
         17 . The self-regulating FO system of  claim 12 , wherein the osmotic agent tank comprises a releasable top having a port thereon. 
     
     
         18 . A process for controlling osmotic agent flow into a forward osmosis (FO) membrane element so as to control for variability of operating temperature, source water quality and age of the FO membrane element, comprising:
 providing a self-regulating FO system comprising: (a) a container containing a source water supply; (b) a FO membrane element located within the container comprising an area of osmotic membranes, an osmotic agent inlet and dilute osmotic agent outlet; (c) an osmotic pump element located within the container comprising an area of osmotic membranes, an osmotic agent inlet and a dilute osmotic agent outlet; and (d) an osmotic agent tank located above the container comprising a feed tube connected to an outlet located on the bottom of the osmotic agent tank, the feed tube in fluid communication with the osmotic agent inlet of the FO membrane element and the osmotic agent inlet of the osmotic pump element;   whereby the osmotic pump element regulates osmotic agent flow rates into the FO membrane element by creating a density gradient within the osmotic agent tank;   adding components of an osmotic agent to the osmotic agent tank and source water to the container; and   obtaining dilute osmotic agent of consistent strength over varying ranges of temperature, source water quality and age of membranes.   
     
     
         19 . The process of  claim 18 , wherein the step of providing a self-regulating FO system further comprises providing osmotic agent as a syrup having a specific gravity of approximately 1.3. 
     
     
         20 . The process of  claim 18 , wherein the step of providing a self-regulating FO system further comprises providing a total surface area of osmotic membrane in the osmotic pump element that is from about 1% to about 20% of a total surface area of osmotic membrane in the FO membrane element. 
     
     
         21 . The process of  claim 18  wherein the step of providing a self-regulating FO system further comprises providing a return tube in fluid communication with the dilute osmotic agent outlet of the osmotic pump element and a port near a top of the osmotic agent tank. 
     
     
         22 . The process of  claim 18  wherein the step of providing a self-regulating FO system further comprises providing a collection tank configured to receive discharge dilute osmotic agent comprising a dilute osmotic agent inlet in fluid communication with the dilute osmotic agent outlet of the FO membrane element.