Non-Lithotripsic Kidney-Stone Therapy

Abstract

One aspect of the present invention relates to a method of using peristalsis to force a polymer plug through a mammalian lumen, thereby removing any calculi and/or calculi fragments present in the lumen. In one embodiment, the method is used as an alternative to conventional lithotripsy. In another embodiment, the method is used in conjunction with lithotripsy, thereby removing the small calculi fragments that result from such procedures.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A method of treating lithiasis, comprising the steps of:
 injecting into a lumen of a mammal at a first distance upstream from a calculi a first composition comprising between 12 and 25 weight percent of an inverse thermosensitive polymer selected from a block copolymer, random copolymer, graft polymer, or branched copolymer, wherein said first composition does not initially contact said calculi; thereby forming a polymer plug; and removing the calculi from the lumen by movement of the polymer plug by peristalsis to traverse said lumen, thereby forcing said calculi from said lumen.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising injecting into said lumen a second composition at a second distance upstream from said calculi wherein said second composition does not contact said calculi. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said first distance is between about 1 cm and about 5 cm upstream of said calculi. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein the distance between said first distance and said second distance is less than about 3 mm. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said first composition is injected into said lumen through a percutaneous access device. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said lumen is or is a portion of a kidney, gall bladder, ureter, urinary bladder, pancreas, salivary gland, small intestine, or large intestine. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said lumen is or is a portion of a ureter or kidney. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said calculi is a kidney stone, pancreatic stone, salivary stone, or biliary stone. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said calculi is a kidney stone. 
     
     
         10 . A method of treating lithiasis, comprising the steps of:
 injecting into a lumen of a human at a first distance upstream from a calculi a first composition comprising an inverse thermosensitive polymer, wherein said first composition does not initially contact said calculi; thereby forming a polymer plug; injecting into said lumen a second composition at a second distance upstream from said calculi wherein said second composition does not contact said calculi; and removing the calculi from the lumen by movement of the polymer plug by peristalsis to traverse said lumen, thereby forcing said calculi from said lumen.   
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein said second composition comprises a contrast-enhancing agent. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein said contrast-enhancing agent is selected from the group consisting of radiopaque materials, paramagnetic materials, heavy atoms, transition metals, lanthanides, actinides, dyes, and radionuclide-containing materials. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein said inverse thermosensitive polymer is an optionally purified poloxamer or poloxamine. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein said inverse thermosensitive polymer is optionally purified and selected from the group consisting of poloxamine 1107, poloxamine 1307, poloxamer 338 and poloxamer 407. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein said inverse thermosensitive polymer is an optionally purified poloxamer 407. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein said first composition has a transition temperature of between about 10° C. and 40° C. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein said lumen is or is a portion of a kidney, gall bladder, ureter, urinary bladder, pancreas, salivary gland, small intestine or large intestine. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein said lumen is or is a portion of a ureter or kidney. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein said calculi is a kidney stone, pancreatic stone, salivary stone, or biliary stone. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the polymer plug is non-tissue adhesive. 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein the second composition comprises a cross-linker solution.