Methods and compositions for diagnosis and prognosis of renal injury and renal failure

Abstract

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for monitoring, diagnosis, prognosis, and determination of treatment regimens in subjects suffering from or suspected of having a renal injury. In particular, the invention relates to using a one or more assays configured to detect a kidney injury marker selected from the group consisting of Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8, Alpha-Fetoprotein, Thyroxine-binding globulin, Prostate-specific antigen (free form), Apolipoprotein A Apolipoprotein E, Thyrotropin subunit beta, Platelet-derived growth factor B/B dimer, C-C motif chemokine 7, C-C motif chemokine 26, Complement C4-B, Corticotropin, Interferon alpha-2, Interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain, Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4, Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5, Interleukin 21, Interleukin 23 alpha subunit, Interleukin-28A, Interleukin-33, Lutropin subunit beta, Matrix Metalloproteinase-1, Neural cell adhesion molecule 1, Pigment epithelium-derived factor, Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3, and IgG4 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in renal injuries.

We claim: 
     
         1 . A method for evaluating renal status in a subject, comprising:
 obtaining a urine sample from a subject selected for evaluation based on a determination that the subject is at risk of a future or current acute renal injury;   performing one or more assays configured to detect one or more biomarkers selected from the group consisting of Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8, Alpha-Fetoprotein, Thyroxine-binding globulin, Prostate-specific antigen (free form), Apolipoprotein A, Apolipoprotein E, Thyrotropin subunit beta, Platelet-derived growth factor B/B dimer, C-C motif chemokine 7, C-C motif chemokine 26, Complement C4-B, Corticotropin, Interferon alpha-2, Interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain, Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4, Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5, Interleukin 21, Interleukin 23 alpha subunit, Interleukin-28A, Interleukin-33, Lutropin subunit beta, Matrix Metalloproteinase-1, Neural cell adhesion molecule 1, Pigment epithelium-derived factor, Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3, and IgG4 by introducing the urine sample obtained from the subject into an assay instrument which (i) for each analyte binding assay performed, contacts all or a portion of the urine sample with a binding reagent which specifically binds for detection the kidney injury marker which is assayed, and (ii) generates one or more assay results indicative of binding of each biomarker which is assayed to its respective binding reagent and displays the assay results generated in human readable form; and   correlating the assay result(s) generated by the assay instrument to the renal status of the subject.   
     
     
         2 . A method according to  claim 1 , wherein said correlation step comprises correlating the assay results to one or more of risk stratification, diagnosis, staging, prognosis, classifying and monitoring of the renal status of the subject. 
     
     
         3 . A method according to  claim 1 , wherein the subject is selected for evaluation based on a determination that the subject is at risk of a future acute renal injury. 
     
     
         4 . A method according to  claim 3 , wherein the subject is selected for evaluation based on a determination that the subject is at risk of a future injury to renal function, future reduced renal function, future improvement in renal function, and future acute renal failure (ARF). 
     
     
         5 . A method according to  claim 1 , wherein said assay results comprise at least 2, 3, 4, or 5 of:
 a measured concentration of Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8,   a measured concentration of Alpha-Fetoprotein,   a measured concentration of Thyroxine-binding globulin,   a measured concentration of Prostate-specific antigen (free form),   a measured concentration of Apolipoprotein A,   a measured concentration of Apolipoprotein E,   a measured concentration of Thyrotropin subunit beta,   a measured concentration of Platelet-derived growth factor B/B dimer,   a measured concentration of C-C motif chemokine 7,   a measured concentration of C-C motif chemokine 26,   a measured concentration of Complement C4-B,   a measured concentration of Corticotropin,   a measured concentration of Interferon alpha-2,   a measured concentration of Interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain,   a measured concentration of Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4,   a measured concentration of Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5,   a measured concentration of Interleukin 21,   a measured concentration of Interleukin 23 alpha subunit,   a measured concentration of Interleukin-28A,   a measured concentration of Interleukin-33,   a measured concentration of Lutropin subunit beta,   a measured concentration of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1,   a measured concentration of Neural cell adhesion molecule 1,   a measured concentration of Pigment epithelium-derived factor,   a measured concentration of Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2,   a measured concentration of Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3, and   a measured concentration of IgG4.   
     
     
         6 . A method according to  claim 5 , wherein a plurality of assay results are combined using a function that converts the plurality of assay results into a single composite result. 
     
     
         7 . (canceled) 
     
     
         8 . A method according to  claim 3 , wherein the subject is selected for evaluation based on a determination that the subject is at risk of a future acute renal injury within 30 days of the time at which the urine sample is obtained from the subject. 
     
     
         9 . A method according to  claim 8 , wherein the subject is selected for evaluation based on a determination that the subject is at risk of a future acute renal injury within a period selected from the group consisting of 21 days, 14 days, 7 days, 5 days, 96 hours, 72 hours, 48 hours, 36 hours, 24 hours, and 12 hours. 
     
     
         10 . A method according to  claim 1 , wherein the subject is selected for evaluation of renal status based on the pre-existence in the subject of one or more known risk factors for prerenal, intrinsic renal, or postrenal ARF. 
     
     
         11 . A method according to  claim 1 , wherein the subject is selected for evaluation of renal status based on an existing diagnosis of one or more of congestive heart failure, preeclampsia, eclampsia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, proteinuria, renal insufficiency, glomerular filtration below the normal range, cirrhosis, serum creatinine above the normal range, sepsis, injury to renal function, reduced renal function, or ARF, or based on undergoing or having undergone major vascular surgery, coronary artery bypass, or other cardiac surgery, or based on exposure to NSAIDs, cyclosporines, tacrolimus, aminoglycosides, foscarnet, ethylene glycol, hemoglobin, myoglobin, ifosfamide, heavy metals, methotrexate, radiopaque contrast agents, or streptozotocin. 
     
     
         12 . A method according to  claim 1 , wherein each assay is an immunoassay performed by (i) introducing the urine sample into an assay device comprising at least one of which binds to a biomarker which is assayed, and (ii) generating an assay result indicative of binding of each biomarker to its respective antibody. 
     
     
         13 . A method according to  claim 1 , wherein said correlating step comprises assessing whether or not renal function is improving or worsening in a subject who has suffered from an injury to renal function, reduced renal function, or ARF based on the assay result(s). 
     
     
         14 - 23 . (canceled) 
     
     
         24 . A method according to  claim 1 , wherein said one or more future changes in renal status comprise one or more of a future injury to renal function, future reduced renal function, future improvement in renal function, and future acute renal failure (ARF) within 72 hours of the time at which the body fluid sample is obtained. 
     
     
         25 . A method according to  claim 1 , wherein said correlating step comprises correlating the assay results to a likelihood of one or more of a future injury to renal function, future reduced renal function, future improvement in renal function, and future acute renal failure (ARF) within 48 hours of the time at which the body fluid sample is obtained. 
     
     
         26 . A method according to  claim 1 , wherein correlating step comprises correlating the assay results to a likelihood of one or more of a future injury to renal function, future reduced renal function, future improvement in renal function, and future acute renal failure (ARF) within 24 hours of the time at which the body fluid sample is obtained. 
     
     
         27 . A method according to  claim 1 , wherein the subject is in RIFLE stage 0 or R. 
     
     
         28 . A method according to  claim 27 , wherein the subject is in RIFLE stage 0. 
     
     
         29 - 32 . (canceled) 
     
     
         33 . A method according to  claim 27 , wherein the subject is in RIFLE stage R. 
     
     
         34 . (canceled) 
     
     
         35 . A method according to  claim 1 , wherein the subject is in RIFLE stage 0, R, or I. 
     
     
         36 . A method according to  claim 35 , wherein the subject is in RIFLE stage I. 
     
     
         37 - 54 . (canceled) 
     
     
         55 . A method according to  claim 1 , wherein the subject is not in acute renal failure. 
     
     
         56 - 108 . (canceled)