Artificial spinal disc

Abstract

An artificial disc prosthesis is provided. The prosthesis includes first and second end plates and a nucleus. Each end plate may have one or more rows of keels for fixation to vertebral bodies. The nucleus may engage a slot or trough in an inner surface of an end plate. The trough can be open on the posterior or anterior end to allow the nucleus to slide into the trough without undue distraction of adjacent vertebrae. The nucleus can be prevented from moving out of the trough by inserting a stop in the trough.

1 . An artificial disc replacement system, comprising:
 a pair of end plates, wherein each end plate comprises a bone-contacting surface, an inner surface opposite the bone-contacting surface, and a perimeter surface that extends around the end plate between the bone-contacting surface and the inner surface;   two groups of keels protruding from a first one of the bone-contacting surfaces;   two groups of keels protruding from a second one of the bone-contacting surfaces;   a trough in a first one of the inner surfaces, wherein an end of the trough opens through the perimeter surface; and   a nucleus comprising a flat surface, wherein the flat surface is received in the trough, wherein the nucleus further comprises a convex surface opposite the flat surface, wherein the convex surface forms a joint with a complementary concave surface in a second one of the inner surfaces, wherein the concave surface comprises chromium and a selected one of the bone-contacting surfaces comprises titanium, and wherein the concave surface and the selected bone-contacting surface are carried by a single one of the end plates.   
     
     
         2 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein each of the groups of keels includes three keels aligned with each other. 
     
     
         3 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein each of the groups of keels is parasagittally aligned on one of the bone-contacting surfaces. 
     
     
         4 . The system of  claim 2 , wherein the trough is elongated in a direction parallel to at least one of the groups of keels, wherein the trough and two groups of keels are carried by a single one of the end plates. 
     
     
         5 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the trough opens through the perimeter surface on an anterior side of the end plate. 
     
     
         7 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the nucleus maintains a constant distance from the trough as the flat surface is received in the trough. 
     
     
         8 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the flat surface is received in the trough by sliding the flat surface through the open end of the trough. 
     
     
         9 . The system of  claim 1 , further comprising a locking mechanism that retains the nucleus in the trough. 
     
     
         10 . The system of  claim 1 , further comprising means for preventing expulsion of the nucleus from the trough after the nucleus is received by the trough. 
     
     
         11 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the convex and concave surfaces are at least partially spherical. 
     
     
         12 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the concave surface and two groups of keels are carried by a single one of the end plates. 
     
     
         13 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the flat surface slides through the open end of the trough into the trough and the convex surface slides into the concave surface to form a joint with the concave surface without undue distraction of the pair of end plates relative to an operative arrangement of the pair of end plates. 
     
     
         14 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein one of the bone-contacting surfaces is flat. 
     
     
         15 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein at least one of the keels is unidirectional. 
     
     
         16 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the nucleus is polyethylene. 
     
     
         17 . A spinal prosthesis system for implantation between adjacent vertebrae, comprising:
 a pair of endplates, wherein each endplate comprises a bone-contacting surface, an inner surface opposite the bone-contacting surface, and a perimeter surface that extends around the endplate between the bone-contacting surface and the inner surface;   two groups of anchors protruding from a first one of the bone-contacting surfaces;   two groups of anchors protruding from a second one of the bone-contacting surfaces;   an indentation in a first one of the inner surfaces, wherein the indentation extends through at least a portion of the perimeter surface; and   a nucleus comprising a flat surface, wherein the flat surface is received in the indentation, wherein the nucleus further comprises a convex surface opposite the flat surface, wherein the convex surface forms a joint with a complementary concave surface in a second one of the inner surfaces, wherein the concave surface comprises chromium and the bone-contacting surface comprises titanium, and wherein the concave surface and a selected one of the bone-contacting surfaces are carried by a single one of the endplates.   
     
     
         18 . The system of  claim 17 , wherein each of the groups of anchors includes three anchors aligned with one another. 
     
     
         19 . The system of  claim 17 , wherein each of the groups of anchors is parasagittally aligned on one of the bone-contacting surfaces. 
     
     
         20 . The system of  claim 18 , wherein the indentation is elongated in a direction parallel to at least one of the groups anchors, wherein the indentation and two groups of anchors are carried by a single one of the endplates. 
     
     
         21 . The system of  claim 17 , wherein the indentation extends through the perimeter surface on an anterior side of the endplate. 
     
     
         22 . The system of  claim 17 , wherein the nucleus maintains a constant distance from the indentation as the flat surface is received in the indentation. 
     
     
         23 . The system of  claim 17 , wherein the flat surface is received in the indentation by sliding the flat surface through a gap in the perimeter surface. 
     
     
         24 . The system of  claim 17 , further comprising a locking mechanism that retains the nucleus in the indentation. 
     
     
         25 . The system of  claim 17 , further comprising means for preventing expulsion of the nucleus from the indentation after the nucleus is received by the indentation. 
     
     
         26 . The system of  claim 17 , wherein the convex and concave surfaces are at least partially spherical. 
     
     
         27 . The system of  claim 17 , wherein the concave surface and two groups of anchors are carried by a single one of the endplates. 
     
     
         28 . The system of  claim 17 , wherein the flat surface slides into the indentation and the convex surface slides into the concave surface without undue distraction of the pair of endplates relative to an operative arrangement of the pair of endplates. 
     
     
         29 . The system of  claim 17 , wherein one of the bone-contacting surfaces is flat. 
     
     
         30 . The system of  claim 17 , wherein at least one of the anchors is unidirectional. 
     
     
         31 . The system of  claim 17 , wherein the nucleus is polyethylene. 
     
     
         32 . A spinal prosthesis system for implantation between adjacent vertebrae, comprising:
 a first endplate, wherein the first endplate comprises a first bone-contacting surface, a first inner surface opposite the first bone-contacting surface, and a first perimeter surface that extends around the first endplate between the first bone-contacting surface and the first inner surface, wherein the first bone-contacting surface is flat;   a second endplate, wherein the second endplate comprises a second bone-contacting surface, a second inner surface opposite the second bone-contacting surface, and a second perimeter surface that extends around the second endplate between the second bone-contacting surface and the second inner surface;   two groups of unidirectional keels protruding from a first one of the bone-contacting surfaces;   two groups of unidirectional keels protruding from a second one of the bone-contacting surfaces;   an indentation in the first inner surface, wherein the indentation is partially bounded by a wall that extends between the indentation and the first inner surface, wherein the wall comprises at least one gap extending through the first perimeter surface; and   a nucleus comprising a flat surface, wherein the flat surface is received in the indentation, wherein the nucleus further comprises a convex surface opposite the flat surface, wherein the convex surface forms a joint with a complementary concave surface in the second inner surface.   
     
     
         33 . The system of  claim 32 , wherein each of the groups of keels includes three keels. 
     
     
         34 . The system of  claim 32 , wherein the two groups of keels on the first bone-contacting surface are bilaterally distributed around a central location on the first bone-contacting surface and the two groups of keels on the second bone-contacting surface are bilaterally distributed around a central location on the second bone-contacting surface. 
     
     
         35 . The system of  claim 32 , wherein the indentation is elongated in a direction parallel to at least one of the groups of keels. 
     
     
         36 . The system of  claim 32 , wherein the gap extends through the first perimeter surface on an anterior side of the first endplate. 
     
     
         38 . The system of  claim 32 , wherein the nucleus maintains a constant height above the indentation as the flat surface is received in the indentation. 
     
     
         39 . The system of  claim 32 , wherein the flat surface is received in the indentation by sliding the flat surface through the gap. 
     
     
         40 . The system of  claim 32 , further comprising a locking mechanism that retains the nucleus in the indentation. 
     
     
         42 . The system of  claim 32 , further comprising means for preventing expulsion of the nucleus from the indentation after the nucleus is received by the indentation. 
     
     
         43 . The system of  claim 32 , wherein the convex and concave surfaces are at least partially spherical. 
     
     
         44 . The system of  claim 32 , wherein the flat surface slides through the gap into the indentation and the convex surface slides into the concave surface without undue distraction of the first and second endplates relative to an operative arrangement of the first and second endplates. 
     
     
         45 . The system of  claim 32 , wherein the nucleus is polyethylene. 
     
     
         46 . The system of  claim 32 , wherein the concave surface comprises chromium and the second bone-contacting surface comprises titanium. 
     
     
         47 . A spinal prosthesis system for implantation between adjacent vertebrae, comprising:
 a first endplate means for contacting a first vertebra;   a second endplate means for contacting a second vertebra;   two groups of keel means, coupled to the first endplate means, for slidingly penetrating the first vertebra;   two groups of keel means, coupled to the second endplate means, for slidingly penetrating the second vertebra;   a nucleus means for articulating motion between the first vertebra and the second vertebra; and   a nucleus retention means for retaining the nucleus means to a selected one of the first and second endplate means, wherein the nucleus retention means is in communication with an edge of the selected endplate means;   wherein the nucleus means forms a joint with a complementary articulation means carried by a remaining one of the first and second endplate means, and wherein the articulation means comprises chromium and the remaining endplate means comprises titanium.   
     
     
         48 . The system of  claim 47 , wherein the two groups of keel means on the first endplate means are parasagitally aligned, and wherein the two groups of keel means on the second endplate means are parasagitally aligned. 
     
     
         49 . The system of  claim 47 , wherein the nucleus retention means is coupled to the first endplate means. 
     
     
         50 . The system of  claim 49 , wherein the nucleus retention means is elongated in a direction parallel to the keel means on the first endplate means. 
     
     
         51 . The system of  claim 47 , wherein the nucleus retention means is in communication with an anterior edge of the first endplate means. 
     
     
         52 . The system of  claim 47 , wherein the nucleus means is congruently and slidingly retained in the nucleus retention means by sliding the nucleus means through a gap in the edge of the first endplate means. 
     
     
         53 . The system of  claim 47 , further comprising a locking means for retaining the nucleus means in the nucleus retention means. 
     
     
         54 . The system of  claim 47 , further comprising a means for preventing expulsion of the nucleus means from the nucleus retention means after the nucleus means is received by the nucleus retention means. 
     
     
         55 . The system of  claim 47 , wherein the joint is at least partially spherical. 
     
     
         56 . The system of  claim 47 , wherein the articulation means is coupled to the second endplate means. 
     
     
         57 . The system of  claim 47 , wherein the nucleus means slides into the nucleus retention means and the articulation means without undue distraction of the first and second endplate means relative to an operative arrangement of the first and second endplate means. 
     
     
         58 . The system of  claim 47 , wherein the keel means are unidirectional.