Steam turbine

Abstract

The invention relates to a steam turbine (10), in particular for using the waste heat of an internal combustion engine (2), comprising at least one rotor (26) and at least one stator (20), said stator (20) comprising at least two nozzles (22) which are arranged in parallel in relation to each other. The nozzles (22) are designed for different load points of the rotor (26) and can be switched on and off independently from each other.

1 . A steam turbine ( 10 ), comprising at least one rotor ( 26 ) and at least one stator ( 20 ), said stator ( 20 ) comprising at least two nozzles ( 22 ) which are arranged in parallel in relation to each other, characterized in that the nozzles ( 22 ) are designed for different load points of the rotor ( 26 ) and can be switched on and off independently from each other. 
     
     
         2 . The steam turbine ( 10 ) according to  claim 1 , wherein the steam turbine uses the waste heat of an internal combustion engine, and characterized in that the different load points of the rotor ( 26 ) correspond to different operating points of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ). 
     
     
         3 . The steam turbine ( 10 ) according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the different design of the nozzles ( 22 ) is defined by at least one of a geometry thereof, an amount of unblocked flow cross section and an angle of inclination of the nozzle ( 22 ) with respect to the rotor ( 26 ). 
     
     
         4 . The steam turbine ( 10 ) according to  claim 1 , characterized in that one of the nozzles ( 22 ) is designed for a low load point of the rotor ( 26 ) and another of the nozzles ( 22 ) is designed for a high load point of the rotor ( 26 ). 
     
     
         5 . The steam turbine ( 10 ) according to  claim 1 , characterized in that at least one of the nozzles ( 22 ) is a Laval nozzle ( 24 ). 
     
     
         6 . The steam turbine ( 10 ) according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the rotor ( 26 ) is partially impinged with steam. 
     
     
         7 . The steam turbine ( 10 ) according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the nozzles ( 22 ) are switched on and off via switching equipment ( 28 ) consisting of control valves ( 30 ) or aperture plates. 
     
     
         8 . The steam turbine ( 10 ) according to  claim 7 , characterized in that the switching equipment ( 28 ) is controlled via a pressure difference prevailing at the stator ( 20 ). 
     
     
         9 . The steam turbine ( 10 ) according to  claim 1 , characterized in that one of the nozzles ( 22 ) serves as a nozzle bypass ( 32 ), which guides the steam without acceleration onto the rotor ( 26 ). 
     
     
         10 . The steam turbine ( 10 ) according to  claim 9 , characterized in that the nozzle ( 22 ) which serves as the nozzle bypass ( 32 ) changes a steam jet in such a manner that no resulting torque is produced. 
     
     
         11 . The steam turbine ( 10 ) according to  claim 1 , characterized in that a plurality of stages consisting of stators ( 20 ) and rotors ( 26 ) is disposed one behind the other. 
     
     
         12 . The steam turbine ( 10 ) according to  claim 10 , characterized in that the nozzles ( 22 ) of the downstream stages consisting of stator ( 20 ) and rotor ( 26 ) are disposed in such a manner that said nozzles correspond in a configuration thereof to the nozzles ( 22 ) of a first stage consisting of stator ( 20 ) and rotor ( 26 ). 
     
     
         13 . The steam turbine ( 10 ) according to  claim 1  wherein the steam turbine uses the waste heat of an internal combustion engine, and comprising a circuit ( 4 ), characterized in that a feed pump ( 6 ), a heat exchanger ( 8 ) and a condenser ( 12 ) are disposed in the circuit ( 4 ) and in that the heat exchanger ( 8 ) serves in using the waste heat of an internal combustion engine ( 2 ) and produces the steam which is supplied to the nozzles ( 22 ) of the stator ( 20 ). 
     
     
         14 . The steam turbine ( 10 ) according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the different design of the nozzles ( 22 ) is defined by the geometry thereof. 
     
     
         15 . The steam turbine ( 10 ) according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the different design of the nozzles ( 22 ) is defined by an amount of unblocked flow cross section. 
     
     
         16 . The steam turbine ( 10 ) according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the different design of the nozzles ( 22 ) is defined by an angle of inclination of the nozzle ( 22 ) with respect to the rotor ( 26 ).