High Performance Organic, Inorganic Or Hybrid Seals

Abstract

The present invention describes a new method for creating hybrid edge seals using metal, alloy, powder coated metal and other conductive surfaces in between two substrates. The methods utilize various materials, seal designs, and geometries of hybrid seals based on polymeric powder coatings and glass powder coatings.

1 . A method of locally heating a sealing material to produce a seal, comprising:
 a. providing a metal object between at least two substrates;   b. providing a seal material,   c. contacting the seal material to the at least two substrates and at least partially surrounding the metal object, and   d. heating the metal object to heat the seal material to a temperature of at least 125° C., wherein the substrate temperature remains at least 20° C. below the temperature attained in the seal, to flow the seal material between the substrates, whereby a seal between the substrates results.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the seal is hermetic. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the seal material is at least one selected from the group consisting of:
 a. organic,   b. inorganic,   c. hybrid, and   d. glasses having a melting point less than 600° C.   
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 3 , wherein the seal material includes at least one glass having a melting point less than 600° C. selected from the group consisting of vanadate glasses, lead based glasses, tin glasses, phosphate glasses, borate glasses, bismuth glasses, thallate glasses, and Sn—Zn—P glasses. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein prior to (c) at least one of the metal object and the seal material is preheated by laser or induction heating. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the at least two substrates are independently selected from the group consisting of metal, glass, very low expansion glass ceramics, ceramics, low expansion borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, ion-exchanged sodium aluminosilicate glass, potassium exchanged aluminosilicate glass chemically strengthened glass, tempered glass, surface strengthened metal coated glass, conductive substrates, conductive oxides, indium tin oxide, fluorinated tin oxide, transparent conductive oxides. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein at least one substrate is metal coated glass, wherein at least one metal selected from the group consisting of silver, copper, tin, and aluminum is applied to a glass plate in a pattern selected from the group consisting of full covering, partial covering, and conductive traces. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the metal object is a wire. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the metal object is a sheet of metal having a thickness, optionally including a cut-out portion. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein an active layer is provided in a cavity formed by the cut out portion and the substrates. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the a cavity is formed by the substrates, the metal object and the seal, and wherein the cavity houses a device is selected from the group consisting of vacuum insulated glass, solar cell contact, solar cell, solar cell module, organic PV device, plasma display device, nanocrystal display, electrochromic device, electrochromic material system, sensors, suspended particle device, micro-blind, liquid crystal device, smart window, switchable window, smart glass, eglass, quantum dot devices, thermolelectric devices, batteries, LED, SED, FED, OLED, LCD, DLP, FLD, IMOD, TDEL, QDLED, TMOS, TPD, LCL, LPD, OLET, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the metal object is at least partially coated with a powder coating selected from the group consisting of thermoplastics, thermosets, ionomer resins, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, HDPE, LDPE polytetrafluoroethylene, acrylics, PMMA, silicones, polyesters, epoxies, epoxypolyesters, polyurethanes, halogenated plastics, condensation plastics, polyaddition plastics, cross-linking plastics, fluoropolymers, PTFE, polyamides, polycarbonates, nylons, natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, PVB, PI, SRP, TPI, PAI, HTS, PFSA, PEEK, PPSU, PEI, PESU, PSU, LCP, PARA, HPN, PPS, PPA, PC, PPC, COC, ABS, PVC Alloys, PEX, PVDC, PBT, ET, POM, glycidyl methacrylate, and triglycidyl isocyanurate. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein at least one substrate is selected from the group consisting of metal, metal coated glass, conductive substrates and conductive oxides, wherein (b) includes applying a powder coating to the metal object using a mask. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein at least one substrate is a ceramic. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein at least one substrate is a glass-ceramic. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the metal object includes a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum; aluminum alloys including AL1050, AL1060, AL1100, AL3003, AL6063, AL5052, AL514, AL6061, AL384, AL2024; copper, nickel, iron, stainless steel, 102 stainless steel, 201 stainless steel, 202 stainless steel, 300 series stainless steel, 302 stainless steel, 304 stainless steel, 308 stainless steel, 309 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, 321 stainless steel, 405 stainless steel, 408 stainless steel, 409 stainless steel, 410 stainless steel, 416 stainless steel, 420 stainless steel, 430 stainless steel, 439 stainless steel, 440 stainless steel, 446 stainless steel, 501 stainless steel, 502 stainless steel, 2205 stainless steel, 2304 stainless steel, 2507 stainless steel, 630 stainless steel, Ni—Fe alloys, Ni—Cr alloys, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, Invar, Kovar, Alloy 36, and Alloy 42, Alloy 42-6, Alloy 48, Alloy 49, Alloy 52, Alloy 600, Alloy 625, Inconel, Alloy 718, Nickel 200, Nickel 201, Nickel 205, Nickel 233, Nickel 270, Tin, any of the foregoing coated in a polymer, and alloys of any two or more of the foregoing. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the seal material is inorganic particles distributed in a matrix of organic material. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein the inorganic particles are selected from the group consisting of metal, glass, metal oxides, silica, quartz, cements, inorganic polymers, mica sheets, mica flakes, glass powders, Na—B—Si glass, B—Si glass, hygroscopic inorganic additives, zeolites, molecular sieves, desiccant materials, calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, magnesium chloride, zinc chloride, potassium carbonate, potassium phosphate, carnallite, ferric ammonium citrate, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide, metal powders up to 5 microns, and metal flakes up to 5 microns. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the inorganic seal material is selected from the group consisting of metal, glass, metal oxides, silica, quartz, cements, inorganic polymers, mica sheets, mica flakes, glass powders, Na—B—Si glass, B—Si glass, hygroscopic inorganic additives, zeolites, molecular sieves, desiccant materials, calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, magnesium chloride, zinc chloride, potassium carbonate, potassium phosphate, carnallite, ferric ammonium citrate, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide, metal powders up to 5 microns, and metal flakes up to 5 microns. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein providing a hybrid seal material includes at least one of electrostatic deposition, powder coating, spray coating, dip coating doctor blading, stenciling, and ink-jet printing on at least one of the metal object and the substrates. 
     
     
         21 . A device including a seal made by the method of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the seal material is provided in the form of a tape. 
     
     
         23 . A device including a seal, the device formed by a method of locally heating a sealing material comprising:
 a. providing a metal object between at least two substrates;   b. providing a seal material between the two substrates and at least partially surrounding the metal object, and   c. heating the metal object to heat the seal material to a temperature of at least 125° C., wherein the substrate temperature remains at least 20° C. below the temperature attained in the seal, to flow the seal material between the substrates.   
     
     
         24 . The device of  claim 23 , wherein the device is selected from the group consisting of vacuum insulated glass, solar cell contact, solar cell, solar cell module, organic PV device, plasma display device, nanocrystal display, electrochromic device, electrochromic material system, sensors suspended particle device, micro-blind, liquid crystal device, smart window, switchable window, smart glass, eglass, quantum dot devices, thermolelectric devices, batteries, LED, SED, FED, OLED, LCD, DLP, FLD, IMOD, TDEL, QDLED, TMOS, TPD, LCL, LPD, OLET, and combinations thereof.