Polymer composite materials for building air conditioning or dehumidification and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the preparation of a polymer composite material for building air conditioning or dehumidification having superior water-adsorbing ability, durability and antibacterial properties by electro spinning. Specifically, the disclosed method for preparing a polymer composite material for building air conditioning or dehumidification includes: (S1) adding a crosslinking agent or a crosslinking agent and a porous filler for conferring durability and antibacterial properties into a hydrophilic polymer solution antibacterial properties to prepare a polymer composite material solution; (S2) electrospinning the polymer composite material solution to prepare a nanofiber sheet; and (S3) crosslinking the nanofiber sheet by heat-treatment. Since the disclosed polymer composite material for building air conditioning or dehumidification has superior antibacterial properties and excellent water-adsorbing ability and durability, the polymer composite material can perform dehumidification when used for air conditioning of a building, thereby reducing air conditioning load and improving energy efficiency. Further, through dehumidifying cooling, the high-efficiency polymer composite material can remove moisture from the hot and humid air in the summer, thus reducing air conditioning load by decreasing latent heat load and saving energy. In addition, the polymer composite material can be used in moisture-sensitive production processes, industrial applications requiring moisture control or protection from damage or corrosion by moisture to reduce moisture and provide dry air.

1 . A method for preparing a polymer composite material for building air conditioning or dehumidification, comprising:
 (S1) adding a crosslinking agent or a crosslinking agent and a porous filler for conferring durability and antibacterial properties into a hydrophilic polymer solution to prepare a polymer composite material solution;   (S2) electrospinning the polymer composite material solution to prepare a nanofiber sheet; and   (S3) crosslinking the nanofiber sheet by heat-treatment.   
     
     
         2 . The method according to  claim 1 , further comprising: adhering the nanofiber sheet to a metal sheet, a ceramic fiber sheet or a conductive polymer film before or after heat treatment. 
     
     
         3 . The method according to  claim 1 , comprising:
 (S1) adding a crosslinking agent or a crosslinking agent and a porous filler for conferring durability and antibacterial properties into a hydrophilic polymer solution to prepare a polymer composite material solution;   (S2′) electrospinning the polymer composite material solution directly onto a metal sheet, a ceramic fiber sheet or a conductive polymer film to prepare a nanofiber sheet; and   (S3) crosslinking the nanofiber sheet by heat-treatment.   
     
     
         4 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein, in step S1, the hydrophilic polymer solution is prepared by dissolving a hydrophilic polymer in a solvent. 
     
     
         5 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein, in step S1, the hydrophilic polymer solution is prepared by the steps of comprising: dissolving a hydrophilic polymer in a solvent to prepare a first solution;
 dissolving another hydrophilic polymer different from the hydrophilic polymer in a solvent to prepare a second solution; and   mixing the first solution and the second solution to prepare the hydrophilic polymer solution.   
     
     
         6 . The method according to  claim 4 , wherein the solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of water, alcohol, DMF, NMP and DMAc. 
     
     
         7 . The method according to  claim 4 , wherein the hydrophilic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polystyrene sulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acid/maleic acid copolymer, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, polyacrylate, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, cellulose derivatives, and ion exchange resins. 
     
     
         8 . The method according to  claim 4 , wherein the hydrophilic polymer is present in an amount of 0.5 to 50 wt % based on a weight of the hydrophilic polymer solution. 
     
     
         9 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic polymer is polyvinyl alcohol. 
     
     
         10 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the crosslinking agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of: peroxides, inorganic precursors and silane coupling agents, aldehydes, polyacrylic acids, diisocyanates, diacids and derivatives thereof, and organic acids containing a sulfonic acid group. 
     
     
         11 . The method according to  claim 10 , wherein the organic acid containing the sulfonic acid group is selected from the group consisting of sulfosuccinic acid (SSA), polystyrene sulfonic acid and poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt. 
     
     
         12 . The method according to  claim 10 , wherein the crosslinking agent is present in an amount of 20 wt % or less based on a weight of the hydrophilic polymer. 
     
     
         13 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the porous filler is zeolite, SBA-15, MCM-41, silica gel, carbon, carbon nanotube, or a porous filler substituted with Cu or Ag. 
     
     
         14 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the porous filler is present in an amount of 50 wt % or less based on a weight of the hydrophilic polymer. 
     
     
         15 . A polymer composite material for building air conditioning or dehumidification having superior durability and antibacterial properties prepared in the method according to  claim 1  from a solution comprising a hydrophilic polymer and a crosslinking agent, or a crosslinking agent and a porous filler by electrospinning and crosslinking. 
     
     
         16 . The polymer composite material according to  claim 15 , wherein the polymer composite material for building air conditioning or dehumidification is used for an air conditioning system selected from the group consisting of a total heat exchanger for a ventilation unit and a rotor-type total heat exchanger. 
     
     
         17 . The polymer composite material according to  claim 15 , wherein the polymer composite material for building air conditioning or dehumidification is used for a dehumidification/cooling system selected from the group consisting of a dehumidification rotor for dehumidification and a dehumidification rotor for dehumidification type cooling.