Insert element for a turbine of an exhaust gas turbocherger, exhaust gas turbocharger and turbine for an exhaust gas turbocharger

Abstract

In a turbine of an exhaust gas turbocharger an insert element which is provided for insertion into a turbine housing has a spiral port which extends in the circumferential direction of the insert element over at least part of the circumference thereof and by which the exhaust gas flow through the turbine is controlled. The insert element is open in the axial direction on at least at one end face thereof which end face is biased in sealing contact with the turbine housing. The insert element has a central axial opening with a spiral port for accommodating a turbine wheel.

What is claimed 
     
         1 . An insert element ( 36 ,  36   I ,  36   II ,  36   III ,  36   IV ,  36   V ,  36   VI ) for a turbine ( 12 ) of an exhaust gas turbocharger ( 10 ,  10   I ,  10   II ,  10   III ,  10   IV ,  10   V ,  10   VI ,  10   VII ), the turbine ( 12 ) including a housing ( 14 ) into which the insert element can be inserted, the insert element being provided with at least one spiral port ( 38 ,  40 ,  42 ,  44 ) which extends in the circumferential direction ( 48 ) of the insert element ( 36 ,  36   I ,  36   II ,  36   III ,  36   IV ,  36   V ,  36   VI ) over at least part of the circumference thereof and by which exhaust gas flowing through the turbine ( 12 ) is directed onto a turbine wheel ( 20 ), the insert element being open in the axial direction ( 49 ) at least one end face ( 82 ,  84 ) thereof for accommodating the turbine wheel ( 20 ): 
     
     
         2 . The insert element ( 36 ,  36   I ,  36   II ,  36   III ,  36   IV ,  36   V ,  36   VI ) according to  claim 1 , wherein the insert element ( 36 ,  36   I ,  36   II ,  36   III ,  36   IV ,  36   V ,  36   VI ) has at least one further spiral port ( 38 ,  40 ,  42 ,  44 ) which extends in the circumferential direction ( 48 ) of the insert element ( 36 ,  36   I ,  36   II ,  36   III ,  36   IV ,  36   V ,  36   VI ) over at least part of the circumference thereof and by which exhaust gas flowing through the turbine ( 12 ) is directed to the turbine wheel ( 20 ). 
     
     
         3 . The insert element ( 36 ,  36   I ,  36   II ,  36   III ,  36   IV ,  36   V ,  36   VI ) according to  claim 1 , wherein the spiral port ( 38 ,  40 ,  42 ,  44 ) is designed to be open at least in part in the circumferential direction ( 48 ) over the circumference of the insert element ( 36 ,  36   I ,  36   II ,  36   III ,  36   IV ,  36   V ,  36   VI ) . 
     
     
         4 . An exhaust gas turbocharger ( 10 ,  10   I ,  10   II ,  10   III ,  10   IV ,  10   V ,  10   VI ,  10   VII ) for an internal combustion engine, having a turbine ( 12 ) with a turbine rotor ( 22 ) disposed in a housing ( 14 ) and at least one insert element ( 36 ,  36   I ,  36   II ,  36   III ,  36   IV ,  36   V ,  36   VI ) , as claimed in  claim 1 , the insert element being accommodated in the turbine housing ( 14 ), and having least one spiral port ( 38 ,  40 ,  42 ,  44 ) which extends in the circumferential direction ( 48 ) of the insert element ( 36 ,  36   I ,  36   II ,  36   III ,  36   IV ,  36   V ,  36   VI ) over at least part of the circumference thereof and by which the exhaust gas flowing through the turbine ( 12 ) is directed onto the turbine wheel ( 20 ), the spiral port ( 38 ,  40 ,  42 ,  44 ) being designed to be open at least in part in the axial direction ( 49 ) of the exhaust gas turbocharger ( 10 ,  10   I ,  10   II ,  10   III ,  10   IV ,  10   V ,  10   VI ,  10   VII )at least one end face ( 82 .  84 ) of the insert element ( 36 ,  36   I ,  36   II ,  36   III ,  36   IV ,  36   V ,  36   VI ). 
     
     
         5 . The exhaust gas turbocharger ( 10 ,  10   I ,  10   II ,  10   III ,  10   IV ,  10   V ,  10   VI ,  10   VII )according to  claim 4 , wherein the exhaust gas turbocharger ( 10 ,  10   I ,  10   II ,  10   III ,  10   IV ,  10   V ,  10   VI ,  10   VII ) comprises a bearing housing ( 16 ) for supporting the rotor ( 22 ) of the exhaust gas turbocharger ( 10 ,  10   I ,  10   II ,  10   III ,  10   IV ,  10   V ,  10   VI ,  10   VII ), the spiral port ( 38 ,  40 ,  42 ,  44 ) being open at least in part in the axial direction of the exhaust gas turbocharger ( 10 , ( 10 ,  10   I ,  10   II ,  10   III ,  10   IV ,  10   V ,  10   VI ,  10   VII ) on one end face ( 84 ) of the insert element ( 36 ,  36   I ,  36   II ,  36   III ,  36   IV ,  36   V ,  36   VI ) pointing in the direction of the bearing housing ( 16 ). 
     
     
         6 . The exhaust gas turbocharger ( 10 ,  10   I ,  10   II ,  10   III ,  10   IV ,  10   V ,  10   VI ,  10   VII )according to  claim 5 , wherein at least one lid element ( 86 ) is provided, by which at least one area of the spiral port ( 38 ,  40 ,  42 ,  44 ), in which the latter is open, is covered. 
     
     
         7 . A turbine ( 12 ) for an exhaust gas turbocharger ( 10 ,  10   I ,  10   II ,  10   III ,  10   IV ,  10   V ,  10   VI ,  10   VII ) with a turbine housing ( 14 ) having an accommodating space ( 18 ) for accommodating a turbine wheel ( 20 ), which comprises at least one spiral port ( 28 ) through which the exhaust gas flowing through the turbine ( 12 ) can flow and which extends in the circumferential direction ( 48 ) of the accommodating space ( 18 ) over at least part of the circumference thereof, the spiral port ( 28 ) having at least one inlet opening ( 30 ) enabling exhaust gas to flow into the spiral port ( 28 ), via which exhaust gas can be guided to the accommodating space ( 18 ), wherein at least one port part ( 37 ) is provided, by means of which the at least one spiral port ( 28 ) is divided into at least two spiral part ports ( 38 ,  40 ,  42 ,  44 ) downstream of the inlet opening ( 30 ). 
     
     
         8 . An exhaust gas turbocharger ( 10 ,  10   I ,  10   II ,  10   III ,  10   IV ,  10   V ,  10   VI ,  10   VII ) including a turbine ( 12 ) according to  claim 7 , wherein between a housing part ( 16 ), in particular a bearing housing ( 16 ), of the exhaust gas turbocharger ( 10 ,  10   I ,  10   II ,  10   III ,  10   IV ,  10   V ,  10   VI ,  10   VII ) and the port part ( 37 ), an interspace ( 92 ) delimited from the port part ( 37 ) at least in part is formed which is connected in flow terms to the at least one spiral port ( 28 ). 
     
     
         9 . A turbine ( 12 ) for an exhaust as turbocharger ( 10 ,  10   I ,  10   II ,  10   III ,  10   IV ,  10   V ,  10   VI ,  10   VII ), with a turbine housing ( 14 ) which has at least one spiral port ( 28 ,  38 ,  40 ,  42 ,  44 ) and an accommodating space ( 18 ) in which a turbine wheel ( 20 ) is accommodated such that it can rotate and can be acted upon by exhaust gas via the spiral port ( 28 ,  38 ,  40 ,  42 ,  44 ), wherein the turbine ( 12 ) comprises an actuating device ( 56 ) by means of which a spiral inlet cross section (A S ) and/or a nozzle cross section (A R ) of the at least one spiral port ( 28 ,  38 ,  40 ,  42 ,  44 ) can be adjusted to the accommodating space ( 18 ),
 the actuating device ( 56 ) has at least two intermeshing tooth systems ( 104 ,  106 ) for the purposes of adjusting the spiral inlet cross section (A S ) or the nozzle cross section (A R R).   
     
     
         10 . The turbine ( 12 ) according to  claim 9 , wherein one of the tooth systems ( 104 ) is provided on an adjustment ring ( 66 ) of the actuating device ( 56 ) and the other tooth system ( 106 ) is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to an adjustment shaft ( 100 ) of the actuating device ( 56 ) that can be rotated about a rotational axis ( 108 ).