Method of forming ice-phobic coating

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for reducing gas hydrate adhesion to the interior surface of a conduit and associated equipment transporting or processing a fluid stream in oil and gas exploration and production, petroleum refining and/or petrochemistry, by providing the conduit interior surface with a coating layer exhibiting a static contact angle of the sessile water drop on the coating layer in air higher than 75° at ambient air conditions, as measured according to ASTM D7334-08, wherein said coating layer comprises diamond like carbon (DLC) comprising fractions of one or more components selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), oxygen (O) and fluor (F).

1 . A method for reducing the adhesion of solidified condensables to the interior surface of a conduit and/or associated equipment transporting or processing a fluid stream in oil and gas exploration and production, petroleum refining and/or petrochemistry, by providing the conduit interior surface with a coating layer exhibiting a static contact angle of the sessile water drop on the coating layer in air higher than 75° at ambient air conditions, as measured according to ASTM D7334-08, wherein said coating layer comprises diamond like carbon (DLC) comprising fractions of one or more components selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), oxygen (O) and fluor (F). 
     
     
         2 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein said solidified condensables comprise gas hydrates. 
     
     
         3 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein said fluid stream is a natural gas stream. 
     
     
         4 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein said DLC coating is a fluorinated DLC. 
     
     
         5 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein said coating layer exhibits an adhesion reduction factor equal to or greater than 1.5, preferably equal to or greater than 3. 
     
     
         6 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein said coating layer exhibits a difference between the advancing and receding water drop contact angle at atmospheric conditions of 30 degrees or less, preferably 25 degrees or less. 
     
     
         7 . The method according to  claim 1 , in which said coated interior surface has a micro roughness of Ra less than 0.5 μm. 
     
     
         8 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein said coating layer has a Poisson's ratio equal to or larger than 0.4. 
     
     
         9 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the processing of a fluid stream comprises dehydrating or degassing a fluid stream. 
     
     
         10 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein said conduit is a cyclonic fluid separator. 
     
     
         11 . A conduit and/or associated equipment suitable for transporting and processing of water-containing hydrocarbon fluid, wherein at least part of the interior surface of said conduit is provided with a coating layer exhibiting a static contact angle of the sessile water drop on the coating layer in air higher than 75° at ambient air conditions, as measured according to ASTM D7334-08, and wherein said coating layer comprises diamond like carbon (DLC) comprising fractions of one or more components selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), oxygen (O) and fluor (F). 
     
     
         12 . The conduit and/or associated equipment according to  claim 11 , wherein said water-containing hydrocarbon fluid is a natural gas stream. 
     
     
         13 . The conduit and/or associated equipment according to  claim 11 , comprising a cyclonic fluid separator, a heat exchanger, the passage way of a valve internal, a pipe spool or a transport pipeline. 
     
     
         14 . The conduit and/or associated equipment according to  claim 11 , in which said coated interior surface has a micro roughness of Ra less than 0.5 μm. 
     
     
         15 . A method for reducing adhesion solidified condensables, said condensables preferably comprising gas hydrates, to the interior surface of a conduit and/or associated equipment transporting or processing a fluid stream in oil and gas exploration and production, petroleum refining and/or petrochemistry, by providing the conduit interior surface with a coating layer exhibiting a static contact angle of the sessile water drop on the coating layer in air higher than 75° at ambient air conditions, as measured according to ASTM D7334-08, wherein said coating layer comprises ceramic materials containing metal nitrides and/or carbides and/or said coating layer comprises epoxy-silicone copolymer. 
     
     
         16 . The method according to  claim 1 , said associated equipment being spools, valves, passage ways of valve internal, heat exchangers, separators, fractionators, turbines, vessels, tanks, wellbores, annuli, pipes, pipelines, tubes, umbilicals, ducts, channels and columns 
     
     
         17 . The conduit according to  claim 1 , said associated equipment being spools, valves, passage ways of valve internal, heat exchangers, separators, fractionators, turbines, vessels, tanks, wellbores, annuli, pipes, pipelines, tubes, umbilicals, ducts, channels and columns.