Electrochemical deblocking solution for electrochemical oligomer synthesis on an electrode array

Abstract

There is disclosed an electrochemical deblocking solution for use on an electrode microarray. There is further disclosed a method for electrochemical synthesis on an electrode array using the electrochemical deblocking solution. The solution and method are for removing acid-labile protecting groups for synthesis of oligonucleotides, peptides, small molecules, or polymers on a microarray of electrodes while substantially improving isolation of deblocking to active electrodes. The method comprises applying a voltage or a current to at least one electrode of an array of electrodes. The array of electrodes is covered by the electrochemical deblocking solution.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . An electrochemical organic deblocking solution for use on an electrode microarray comprising an acid-source reducible solvent, an organic salt, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine, where the N,N-diisopropylethylamine provides basicity to quench the acid-source reducible solvent. 
     
     
         2 . The electrochemical organic deblocking solution of  claim 1 , where the acid-source reducible solvent is selected from the group consisting of methylene chloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2-difluoroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 1-butanol, 1-hexene, 1-propanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate, 2-butoxyethanol acetate, 2-butoxyethyl acetate, 2-ethoxyethanol acetate, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-methoxyethanol acetate, 2-methoxyethanol, 2-methylhexane, 2-nitropropane, acetone alcohol, acetone, acetonitrile, allyl alcohol, benzene, benzotrifluoride, benzyl chloride, biphenyl, carbon disulfide, chlorobenzene, chlorobromomethane, cyclodecane, cycloheptane, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclononane, cyclooctane, cyclopentane, diacetone alcohol, dibromomethane, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, dichloroethene, dimethyl sulfoxide, diethyl ether, diethylene glycol, dimethyl formamide, dipropylene glycol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, ethyl ether, ethyl glycol acetate, ethyl glycol, ethylbenzene, ethylene glycol, formamide, furfural, furfuryl alcohol, heptafluorocyclopentane, heptafluoropropyl methyl ether, heptane, hexachlorocyclohexane, hexane, isoamyl alcohol, isobutyl acetate, isobutyl alcohol, isobutyl isobutyrate, isomethoxynonafluorobutane, iso-methoxynonafluorobutane, isophorone, isopropyl acetate, iso-propyl alcohol, methanol, methoxy propyl acetate, methyl amyl ketone, methyl chloride, methyl chloroform, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl glycol acetate methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, monochlorotoluene, n-amyl alcohol, n-butyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol, n-decane, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, n-methoxynonafluorobutane, n-methylpyrrolidone, n-nonane, n-octane, n-octyl alcohol, n-butyl acetate, n-pentane, n-propyl acetate, n-propyl alcohol, ortho-dichlorobenzene, perchloroethene, propylene glycol diacetate, propylene glycol, t-amyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, trichloroethene, trichloroethylene, trichloromethane, triethylene gycol, vinyl choloride, and xylene, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         3 . The electrochemical deblocking solution of  claim 1 , where the acid-source reducible solvent comprises an acid source and a reducible solvent. 
     
     
         4 . The electrochemical organic deblocking solution of  claim 3 , where the acid source has a concentration of approximately 0.1 mM to approximately 2 M, where the acid source is selected from the group consisting of 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       thiophenol, 1,4-butanedithiol, 1,3-propanedithiol, and methylthiophene, 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       and R 17 —SH, and combinations thereof, where R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12  and R 13  are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heterocyclic ring, and polycyclic group, and halo, amide, alkoxy, acyl, acyloxy, oxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyloxy, carboxy, amino, secondary amino, tertiary amino, hydrazino, azido, alkazoxy, cyano, isocyano, cyanato, thiocyanato, fulminato, selenocyanato, carboxyamido, acylimino, nitro so, aminooxy, carboximidoyl, hydrazonoyl, oxime, acylhydrazino, amidino, sulfide, sulfoxide, thiosulfoxide, sulfone, thiosulfone, thiosulfate, hydroxyl, formyl, hydroxyperoxy, hydroperoxy, carbamoyl, trimethyl silyl, nitro, nitro so, oxamoyl, pentazolyl, sulfamoyl, sulfenamoyl, sulfeno, sulfinamoyl, sulfino, sulfo, sulfoamino, hydrothiol, tetrazolyl, thiocarbamoyl, thiocarbazono, thiocarbodiazono, thiocarbonohydrazido, thiocarboxy, thioformyl, thioacyl, thiocyanato, thiosemicarbazido, thiosulfino, thiosulfo, thioureido, triazano, triazeno, triazinyl, trithiosulfo, and phosphoric acid ester;
 R 8 ═ is H 2 C—R 4 , 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       and
 R 17  is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heterocyclic ring, and polycyclic group, and halo, amide, alkoxy, acyl, acyloxy, oxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyloxy, carboxy, amino, secondary amino, tertiary amino, hydrazino, azido, alkazoxy, cyano, isocyano, cyanato, thiocyanato, fulminato, selenocyanato, carboxyamido, acylimino, nitroso, aminooxy, carboximidoyl, hydrazonoyl, oxime, acylhydrazino, amidino, sulfide, sulfoxide, thiosulfoxide, sulfone, thiosulfone, thio sulfate, hydroxyl, formyl, hydroxyperoxy, hydroperoxy, carbamoyl, trimethyl silyl, nitro, nitroso, oxamoyl, pentazolyl, sulfamoyl, sulfenamoyl, sulfeno, sulfinamoyl, sulfino, sulfo, sulfoamino, hydrothiol, tetrazolyl, thiocarbamoyl, thiocarbazono, thiocarbodiazono, thiocarbonohydrazido, thiocarboxy, thioformyl, thioacyl, thiocyanato, thiosemicarbazido, thiosulfino, thiosulfo, thioureido, triazano, triazeno, triazinyl, trithiosulfo, and phosphoric acid ester. 
 
     
     
         5 . The electrochemical organic deblocking solution of  claim 3 , where a reducible solvent is selected from the group consisting of methylene chloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 1-butanol, 1-hexene, 1-propanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate, 2-butoxyethanol acetate, 2-butoxyethyl acetate, 2-ethoxyethanol acetate, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-methoxyethanol acetate, 2-methoxyethanol, 2-methylhexane, 2-nitropropane, acetone alcohol, acetone, acetonitrile, allyl alcohol, benzene, benzotrifluoride, benzyl chloride, biphenyl, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, chlorobromomethane, cyclodecane, cycloheptane, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclononane, cyclooctane, cyclopentane, diacetone alcohol, dibromomethane, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, dichloroethene, dimethyl sulfoxide, diethyl ether, diethylene glycol, dimethyl formamide, dipropylene glycol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, ethyl ether, ethyl glycol acetate, ethyl glycol, ethylbenzene, ethylene glycol, formamide, furfural, furfuryl alcohol, heptafluorocyclopentane, heptafluoropropyl methyl ether, heptane, hexachlorocyclohexane, hexane, isoamyl alcohol, isobutyl acetate, isobutyl alcohol, isobutyl isobutyrate, isomethoxynonafluorobutane, iso-methoxynonafluorobutane, isophorone, isopropyl acetate, iso-propyl alcohol, methanol, methoxy propyl acetate, methyl amyl ketone, methyl chloride, methyl chloroform, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl glycol acetate methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, monochlorotoluene, monothiophosphate, n-amyl alcohol, n-butyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol, n-decane, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, n-methoxynonafluorobutane, n-methylpyrrolidone, n-nonane, n-octane, n-octyl alcohol, n-butyl acetate, n-methoxynonafluorobutane, n-pentane, n-propyl acetate, n-propyl alcohol, ortho-dichlorobenzene, perchloroethene, perchloroethylene, propylene glycol diacetate, propylene glycol, t-amyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, tetrachloroethylene, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, trichloroethene, trichloroethylene, trichlorofluoromethane, triethylene gycol, vinyl choloride, and xylene, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         6 . The electrochemical deblocking solution of  claim 1 , where the acid-source reducible solvent comprises an acid source and a reducible solvent and the reducible solvent comprises an organic solvent and a reducible chemical. 
     
     
         7 . The electrochemical deblocking solution of  claim 6 , where the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of methylene chloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 1-butanol, 1-hexene, 1-propanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate, 2-butoxyethanol acetate, 2-butoxyethyl acetate, 2-ethoxyethanol acetate, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-methoxyethanol acetate, 2-methoxyethanol, 2-methylhexane, 2-nitropropane, acetone alcohol, acetone, acetonitrile, allyl alcohol, benzene, benzotrifluoride, benzyl chloride, biphenyl, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, chlorobromomethane, cyclodecane, cycloheptane, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclononane, cyclooctane, cyclopentane, diacetone alcohol, dibromomethane, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, dichloroethene, dimethyl sulfoxide, diethyl ether, diethylene glycol, dimethyl formamide, dipropylene glycol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, ethyl ether, ethyl glycol acetate, ethyl glycol, ethylbenzene, ethylene glycol, formamide, furfural, furfuryl alcohol, heptafluorocyclopentane, heptafluoropropyl methyl ether, heptane, hexachlorocyclohexane, hexane, isoamyl alcohol, isobutyl acetate, isobutyl alcohol, isobutyl isobutyrate, isomethoxynonafluorobutane, iso-methoxynonafluorobutane, isophorone, isopropyl acetate, iso-propyl alcohol, methanol, methoxy propyl acetate, methyl amyl ketone, methyl chloride, methyl chloroform, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl glycol acetate methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, monochlorotoluene, n-amyl alcohol, n-butyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol, n-decane, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, n-methoxynonafluorobutane, n-methylpyrrolidone, n-nonane, n-octane, n-octyl alcohol, n-butyl acetate, n-methoxynonafluorobutane, n-pentane, n-propyl acetate, n-propyl alcohol, ortho-dichlorobenzene, perchloroethene, perchloroethylene, propylene glycol diacetate, propylene glycol, t-amyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, tetrachloroethylene, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, trichloroethene, trichloroethylene, trichlorofluoromethane, triethylene gycol, vinyl choloride, and xylene, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         8 . The electrochemical deblocking solution of  claim 6 , where the reducible chemical has a concentration of approximately 0.001 mM to approximately 200 mM, where the reducible chemical is selected from the group consisting of 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12  and R 13 , are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heterocyclic ring, and polycyclic group, and halo, amide, alkoxy, acyl, acyloxy, oxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyloxy, carboxy, amino, secondary amino, tertiary amino, hydrazino, azido, alkazoxy, cyano, isocyano, cyanato, thiocyanato, fulminato, selenocyanato, carboxyamido, acylimino, nitro so, carboximidoyl, hydrazonoyl, oxime, acylhydrazino, amidino, sulfide, sulfoxide, thiosulfoxide, sulfone, thiosulfone, thio sulfate, hydroxyl, formyl, hydroxyperoxy, hydroperoxy, carbamoyl, trimethyl silyl, nitro, nitroso, oxamoyl, pentazolyl, sulfamoyl, sulfenamoyl, sulfeno, sulfinamoyl, sulfino, sulfo, hydrothiol, tetrazolyl, thiocarbamoyl, thiocarbazono, thiocarbodiazono, thiocarbonohydrazido, thiocarboxy, thioformyl, thioacyl, thiocyanato, thiosemicarbazido, thiosulfino, thiosulfo, thioureido, triazano, triazeno, triazinyl, trithiosulfo, and phosphoric acid ester. 
     
     
         9 . The electrochemical deblocking solution of  claim 1 , where the acid-source reducible solvent comprises an acid source and a reducible solvent, where the reducible solvent comprises an organic solvent, an alcohol, and a reducible chemical. 
     
     
         10 . The electrochemical deblocking solution of  claim 9 , where the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of methylene chloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 1-hexene, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate, 2-butoxyethanol acetate, 2-butoxyethyl acetate, 2-methoxyethanol acetate, 2-methylhexane, 2-nitropropane, acetone, acetonitrile, benzene, benzotrifluoride, benzyl chloride, biphenyl, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, chlorobromomethane, cyclodecane, cycloheptane, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, cyclononane, cyclooctane, cyclopentane, dibromomethane, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, dichloroethene, dimethyl sulfoxide, diethyl ether, diethylene glycol, dimethyl formamide, dipropylene glycol, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, ethyl ether, ethyl glycol acetate, ethyl glycol, ethylbenzene, ethylene glycol, formamide, furfural, heptafluorocyclopentane, heptafluoropropyl methyl ether, heptane, hexachlorocyclohexane, hexane, isobutyl acetate, isobutyl isobutyrate, isomethoxynonafluorobutane, iso-methoxynonafluorobutane, isophorone, isopropyl acetate, methoxy propyl acetate, methyl amyl ketone, methyl chloride, methyl chloroform, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl glycol acetate methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, monochlorotoluene, monothiophosphate, n-butyl acetate, n-decane, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, n-methoxynonafluorobutane, n-methylpyrrolidone, n-nonane, n-octane, n-butyl acetate, n-methoxynonafluorobutane, n-pentane, n-propyl acetate, ortho-dichlorobenzene, perchloroethene, perchloroethylene, propylene glycol diacetate, propylene glycol, tetrachloroethylene, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, trichloroethene, trichloroethylene, trichlorofluoromethane, triethylene gycol, vinyl choloride, and xylene, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         11 . The electrochemical deblocking solution of  claim 9 , where the reducible chemical has a concentration of approximately 0.001 mM to approximately 200 mM, where the reducible chemical is selected from the group consisting of 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12  and R 13 , are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heterocyclic ring, and polycyclic group, and halo, amide, alkoxy, acyl, acyloxy, oxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyloxy, carboxy, amino, secondary amino, tertiary amino, hydrazino, azido, alkazoxy, cyano, isocyano, cyanato, thiocyanato, fulminato, selenocyanato, carboxyamido, acylimino, nitroso, carboximidoyl, hydrazonoyl, oxime, acylhydrazino, amidino, sulfide, sulfoxide, thiosulfoxide, sulfone, thiosulfone, thio sulfate, hydroxyl, formyl, hydroxyperoxy, hydroperoxy, carbamoyl, trimethyl silyl, nitro, nitroso, oxamoyl, pentazolyl, sulfamoyl, sulfenamoyl, sulfeno, sulfinamoyl, sulfino, sulfo, hydrothiol, tetrazolyl, thiocarbamoyl, thiocarbazono, thiocarbodiazono, thiocarbonohydrazido, thiocarboxy, thioformyl, thioacyl, thiocyanato, thiosemicarbazido, thiosulfino, thiosulfo, thioureido, triazano, triazeno, triazinyl, trithiosulfo, and phosphoric acid ester. 
     
     
         12 . The electrochemical deblocking solution of  claim 9 , where the alcohol is approximately 0.1% to approximately 99% of the reducible solvent, where the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isobutanol, 1-butanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-methoxyethanol, acetone alcohol, allyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, diacetone alcohol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, ethyl glycol, ethylene glycol, furfuryl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, n-octyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, propylene glycol, t-amyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, and triethylene gycol, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         13 . The electrochemical deblocking solution of  claim 1 , where the organic salt has a concentration from about 0.1 mM to about 5 M, where the organic salt is selected from the group consisting of 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate, tetraethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate, 1,1-dibutyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1,1-dimethyl-pyrrolidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, 1,1-dipropyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methide, 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolium bis(pentafluoroethyl)phosphinate, 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolium methyl sulfate, 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-benzyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluoroantimonate, 1-benzyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-benzyl-3-methyl-imidazolium methylsulfate, 1-benzyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-benzyl-3-methyl-imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium dicyanamide, 1-butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium hexafluoroantimonate, 1-butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium methylsulfate, 1-butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium tetracyanoborate, 1-butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium hexafluoroantimonate, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium methylsulfate, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium tosylate, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-butyl-3-ethyl-imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl sulfate, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium cobalt tetracarbonyl, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dicyanamide, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium methyl sulfate, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium octylsulfate, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tosylate, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium trifluoroacetate, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium trifluoromethane sulfonate, 1-butyl-3-methyl-pyridinium bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-4-methyl-pyridinium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-4-methyl-pyridinium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-imidazolium tosylate, 1-butyl-imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-ethyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethyl)imide, 1-ethyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium hexafluoroantimonate, 1-ethyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate, 1-ethyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium methylsulfate, 1-ethyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate, 1-ethyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium hexaflluoroantimonate, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium hexaflluorophosphate, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium methylsulfate, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium tosylate, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(pentafluoroethyl)phosphinate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis[1,2-benzenediolato(2-)-O,O′]-borate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis[oxalato(2-)]-borate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium cobalt tetracarbonyl, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dicyanamide, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluoroantimonate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium nitrate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tosylate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium trifluoroacetate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium trifluoromethyltrifluoroborate, 1-hexyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-hexyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium dicyanamide, 1-hexyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-hexyl-2,3-dimethyl-imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methane, 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dicyanamide, 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluoroantimonate, 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium methylsulfate, 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetracyanoborate, 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tris(heptafluoropropyl)trifluorophosphate, 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, 1-methyl-3-(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluoroctyl)-imidazolium-hexafluorophosphate, 1-methyl-3-octyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-methyl-imidazolium tosylate, 1-methyl-imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-octadecyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-octadecyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-octyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-octyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-octyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methane, 1-octyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluoroantimonate, 1-octyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-octyl-3-methyl-imidazolium methylsulfate, 1-octyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-octyl-3-methyl-imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-pentyl-3-methyl-imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-pentyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tris(nonafluorobutyl)trifluorophosphate, 1-pentyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, 1-phenylpropyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluoroantimonate, 1-phenylpropyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-phenylpropyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-phenylpropyl-3-methyl-imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-tetradecyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 3-ethyl-N-butyl-pyridinium hexafluoroantimonate, 3-ethyl-N-butyl-pyridinium hexafluorophosphate, 3-ethyl-N-butyl-pyridinium tetrafluoroborate, 3-ethyl-N-butyl-pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 3-methyl-1-propyl-pyridinium bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imide, 3-methyl-N-butyl-pyridinium hexafluoroantimonate, 3-methyl-N-butyl-pyridinium hexafluorophosphate, 3-methyl-N-butyl-pyridinium methylsulfate, 3-methyl-N-butyl-pyridinium tetrafluoroborate, 3-methyl-N-butyl-pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 4-methyl-N-butyl-pyridinium hexafluorophosphate, 4-methyl-N-butyl-pyridinium tetrafluoroborate, benzyl triphenyl-phosphoniumbis(trifluoromethyl)imide, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, bis-tetramethyl ammonium oxalate, butyl dimethyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, butyl methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, dimethyl distearyl ammonium bisulfate, dimethyl distearyl ammonium methosulfate, ethyl triphenyl phosphonium acetate, guanidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, guanidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl)Trifluorophosphate, hexamethyl-guanidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, hexamethyl-guanidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, methyl trioctyl ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, N,N,N′,N′,N″-pentamethyl-N″-isopropyl-guanidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, N,N,N′,N′,N″-pentamethyl-N″-isopropyl-guanidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, N,N,N′,N′,N″-pentamethyl-N″-propyl-guanidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, N,N,N′,N′,N″-pentamethyl-N″-propyl-guanidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-N″-ethyl-guanidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-N″-ethyl-guanidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, N-butyl-pyridinium bis(trifluoromethyl)imide, N-butyl-pyridinium hexafluoroantimonate, N-butyl-pyridinium hexafluorophosphate, N-butyl-pyridinium methylsulfate, N-butyl-pyridinium tetrafluoroborate, N-butyl-pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, N-hexyl-pyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, N-hexyl-pyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methane, N-hexyl-pyridinium hexafluorophosphate, N-hexyl-pyridinium tetrafluoroborate, N-hexyl-pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, N-octyl-pyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, N-octyl-pyridinium tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methane, O-ethyl-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-isouronium trifluoromethanesulfonate, O-ethyl-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-isouronium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, O-methyl-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-isouronium trifluoromethanesulfonate, O-methyl-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-isouronium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, S-ethyl-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl isothiouronium trifluoromethanesulfonate, S-ethyl-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylisothiouronium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, S-ethyl-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylthiouronium tetrafluoroborate, tetrabutyl ammonium bis(trifluoromethyl)imide, tetrabutyl ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, tetrabutyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate, tetrabutyl ammonium hexafluorophosphate, tetrabutyl ammonium nitrate, tetrabutyl ammonium perchlorate, tetrabutyl ammonium sulfate, tetrabutyl ammonium tetracyanoborate, tetrabutyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate, tetrabutyl ammonium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, tetrabutyl phosphonium acetate, tetrabutyl phosphonium bis(trifluoromethyl)imide, tetrabutyl phosphonium bis[1,2-benzenediolato(2-)-O,O′]-borate, tetrabutyl phosphonium bis[oxalato(2-)]-borate, tetrabutyl phosphonium tetracyanoborate, tetrabutyl phosphonium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, tetraethyl ammonium bis(trifluoromethyl)imide, tetraethyl ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, tetraethyl ammonium bis[1,2-benzenediolato(2-)-O,O′]-borate, tetraethyl ammonium bis[2,2′-biphenyldiolato(2-)-O,O′]-borate, tetraethyl ammonium bis[malonato(2-)]-borate, tetraethyl ammonium bis[salicylato(2-)]-borate, tetraethyl ammonium hexafluorophosphate, tetraethyl ammonium hydrogen maleate, tetraethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate, tetraethyl ammonium tosylate, tetraethyl ammonium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, tetramethyl ammonium bis(trifluoromethyl)imide, tetramethyl ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, tetramethyl ammonium bis[oxalato(2-) ]-borate, tetramethyl ammonium bis[salicylato(2-)]borate, tetramethyl ammonium hexafluorophosphate, tetramethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate, tetramethyl ammonium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, tributylethyl ammonium ethylsulfate, trihexyl(tetradecyl)-phosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate, trihexyl(tetradecyl)-phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, trihexyl(tetradecyl)-phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methane, trihexyl(tetradecyl)-phosphonium bis[1,2-benzenediolato(2-)-O,O′]-borate, trihexyl(tetradecyl)-phosphonium decanoate, trihexyl(tetradecyl)-phosphonium dicyanamide, trihexyl(tetradecyl)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, trihexyl(tetradecyl)-phosphonium tetracyanoborate, trihexyl(tetradecyl)-phosphonium tetrafluoroborate, trihexyl(tetradecyl)-phosphonium, tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, and tri-iso-butyl(methyl)-phosphonium tosylate, and combinations thereof, where R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , and R 16  are independently selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heterocyclic ring, and polycyclic group. 
     
     
         14 . An electrochemical organic deblocking solution for use on an electrode microarray comprising an acid-source reducible solvent, an organic salt, and a concentration of approximately 0.01 mM to approximately 200 mM of a pyridine derivative or isomer thereof, where the pyridine derivative or isomer thereof provides basicity to quench the acid-source reducible solvent, where the pyridine derivative or isomer thereof is selected from the group consisting of 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where R 1 , R 2 , and R 3  are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heterocyclic ring, and polycyclic group, and halo, amide, carboxy, amino, secondary amino, tertiary amino, hydrazino, azido, alkazoxy, cyano, isocyano, cyanato, thiocyanato, fulminato, selenocyanato, carboxyamido, acylimino, nitroso, aminooxy, hydrazonoyl, oxime, acylhydrazino, amidino, sulfide, thiosulfoxide, sulfone, thiosulfone, thiosulfate, hydroxyl, formyl, hydroperoxy, carbamoyl, trimethyl silyl, nitro, nitroso, oxamoyl, pentazolyl, sulfamoyl, sulfenamoyl, sulfeno, sulfinamoyl, sulfino, sulfo, sulfoamino, hydrothiol, tetrazolyl, thiocarbamoyl, thiocarbazono, thiocarbodiazono, thiocarbonohydrazido, thiocarboxy, thioformyl, thioacyl, thiocyanato, thiosemicarbazido, thiosulfino, thiosulfo, thioureido, triazano, triazeno, triazinyl, trithiosulfo, and phosphoric acid ester; R 4  and R 8  are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and substituted and unsubstituted alkyl C 2  to alkyl C 8 , alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heterocyclic ring, and polycyclic group, and halo, amide, alkoxy, acyl, acyloxy, oxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyloxy, carboxy, amino, secondary amino, tertiary amino, hydrazino, azido, alkazoxy, cyano, isocyano, cyanato, thiocyanato, fulminato, selenocyanato, carboxyamido, acylimino, nitroso, aminooxy, carboximidoyl, hydrazonoyl, oxime, acylhydrazino, amidino, sulfide, sulfoxide, thiosulfoxide, sulfone, thiosulfone, thiosulfate, hydroxyl, formyl, hydroxyperoxy, hydroperoxy, peroxy acid, carbamoyl, trimethyl silyl, nitro, nitroso, oxamoyl, pentazolyl, sulfamoyl, sulfenamoyl, sulfeno, sulfinamoyl, sulfino, sulfo, sulfoamino, hydrothiol, tetrazolyl, thiocarbamoyl, thiocarbazono, thiocarbodiazono, thiocarbonohydrazido, thiocarboxy, thioformyl, thioacyl, thiocyanato, thiosemicarbazido, thiosulfino, thiosulfo, thioureido, triazano, triazeno, triazinyl, trithiosulfo, and phosphoric acid ester; and R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 9 , and R 10  are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heterocyclic ring, and polycyclic group, and halo, amide, alkoxy, acyl, acyloxy, oxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyloxy, carboxy, amino, secondary amino, tertiary amino, hydrazino, azido, alkazoxy, cyano, isocyano, cyanato, thiocyanato, fulminato, selenocyanato, carboxyamido, acylimino, nitroso, aminooxy, carboximidoyl, hydrazonoyl, oxime, acylhydrazino, amidino, sulfide, sulfoxide, thiosulfoxide, sulfone, thiosulfone, thiosulfate, hydroxyl, formyl, hydroxyperoxy, hydroperoxy, peroxy acid, carbamoyl, trimethyl silyl, nitro, nitroso, oxamoyl, pentazolyl, sulfamoyl, sulfenamoyl, sulfeno, sulfinamoyl, sulfino, sulfo, sulfoamino, hydrothiol, tetrazolyl, thiocarbamoyl, thiocarbazono, thiocarbodiazono, thiocarbonohydrazido, thiocarboxy, thioformyl, thioacyl, thiocyanato, thiosemicarbazido, thiosulfino, thiosulfo, thioureido, triazano, triazeno, triazinyl, trithiosulfo, and phosphoric acid ester. 
     
     
         15 . An electrochemical organic deblocking solution for use on an electrode microarray comprising an acid-source reducible solvent, an organic salt, and an organic base, where the organic base provides basicity to quench the acid-source reducible solvent. where the organic base has a concentration of approximately 0.01 mM to approximately 200 mM, where the organic base is selected from the group consisting of pyridine derivatives and isomers thereof, 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where R 1 , R 2 , and R 3  are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heterocyclic ring, and polycyclic group, and halo, amide, carboxy, amino, secondary amino, tertiary amino, hydrazino, azido, alkazoxy, cyano, isocyano, cyanato, thiocyanato, fulminato, selenocyanato, carboxyamido, acylimino, nitroso, aminooxy, hydrazonoyl, oxime, acylhydrazino, amidino, sulfide, thiosulfoxide, sulfone, thiosulfone, thiosulfate, hydroxyl, formyl, hydroperoxy, carbamoyl, trimethyl silyl, nitro, nitroso, oxamoyl, pentazolyl, sulfamoyl, sulfenamoyl, sulfeno, sulfinamoyl, sulfino, sulfo, sulfoamino, hydrothiol, tetrazolyl, thiocarbamoyl, thiocarbazono, thiocarbodiazono, thiocarbonohydrazido, thiocarboxy, thioformyl, thioacyl, thiocyanato, thiosemicarbazido, thiosulfino, thiosulfo, thioureido, triazano, triazeno, triazinyl, trithiosulfo, and phosphoric acid ester; and R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , and R 10  are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heterocyclic ring, and polycyclic group, and halo, amide, alkoxy, acyl, acyloxy, oxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyloxy, carboxy, amino, secondary amino, tertiary amino, hydrazino, azido, alkazoxy, cyano, isocyano, cyanato, thiocyanato, fulminato, selenocyanato, carboxyamido, acylimino, nitroso, aminooxy, carboximidoyl, hydrazonoyl, oxime, acylhydrazino, amidino, sulfide, sulfoxide, thiosulfoxide, sulfone, thiosulfone, thiosulfate, hydroxyl, formyl, hydroxyperoxy, hydroperoxy, peroxy acid, carbamoyl, trimethyl silyl, nitro, nitroso, oxamoyl, pentazolyl, sulfamoyl, sulfenamoyl, sulfeno, sulfinamoyl, sulfino, sulfo, sulfoamino, hydrothiol, tetrazolyl, thiocarbamoyl, thiocarbazono, thiocarbodiazono, thiocarbonohydrazido, thiocarboxy, thioformyl, thioacyl, thiocyanato, thio semicarbazido, thio sulfino, thio sulfo, thioureido, triazano, triazeno, triazinyl, trithiosulfo, and phosphoric acid ester, where said compound is not 2,6 dimethylpyridine. 
     
     
         16 . An electrochemical deblocking solution comprising: an organic base including 0.01 to 200 mM of dimethylpyridine, approximately 0.1 to 100 mM benzoquinone, approximately 0.1 to 2 M hydroquinone, approximately 0.01 to 5 M tetraethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate, and a solvent having approximately 10% to 99% acetonitrile and approximately 1% to 90% methanol; where the tetraethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate is dissolved in the acetonitrile and methanol solvent to form a first solution and the dimethylpyridine provides basicity to quench the acidity of the tetraethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate in acetonitrile and methanol solution.