Systems and Methods For Carbon Dioxide Captrue and Power Generation In Low Emission Turbine Systems

Abstract

Systems, methods, and apparatus are provided for generating power in low emission turbine systems and separating the exhaust into rich CO 2 and lean CO 2 streams. In one or more embodiments, the exhaust is separated at an elevated pressure, such as between a high-pressure expansion stage and a low-pressure expansion stage.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A power generation system comprising:
 a first compressor configured to receive and compress one or more oxidants;   a first combustion chamber configured to receive and combust the compressed oxidant and at least one first fuel to generate an exhaust stream;   a first expander configured to receive the exhaust stream from the compressor and generate a gaseous exhaust stream; and   a separator configured to receive and separate the gaseous exhaust stream into a CO 2  rich stream and a CO 2  lean stream.   
     
     
         2 . The system of  claim 1 , further comprising a second expander configured to receive and expand the CO 2  lean stream. 
     
     
         3 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the first expander at least partially drives the first compressor. 
     
     
         4 . The system of  claim 2 , further comprising a second compressor configured to receive and compress one or more oxidants and deliver compressed oxidant to the first compressor. 
     
     
         5 . The system of  claim 4 , wherein the second expander at least partially drives the second compressor. 
     
     
         6 . The system of  claim 2 , wherein the operating pressure of the first expander is higher than the operating pressure of the second expander. 
     
     
         7 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the first fuel comprises natural gas, oil, coke, coal, hydrogen, bitumen, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         8 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the oxidant comprises air, oxygen-enriched air, oxygen, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         9 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the separator uses a separation process selected from hot potassium carbonate separation, molecular sieve separation, amine separation, membrane separation, adsorptive kinetic separation, controlled freeze zone separation, or combinations thereof. 
     
     
         10 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the CO 2  rich stream is recycled to the first combustion chamber. 
     
     
         11 . The system of  claim 1 , further comprising a heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from the discharge of the first expander to the lean CO 2  stream. 
     
     
         12 . The system of  claim 1 , further comprising a second combustion chamber configured to combust one or more oxidants and a second fuel to heat to the lean CO 2  stream. 
     
     
         13 . The system of  claim 12 , wherein the second fuel comprises hydrogen. 
     
     
         14 . The system of  claim 2 , further comprising a heat recovery steam generator configured to use heat from the lean CO 2  stream exiting the second expander to generate steam. 
     
     
         15 . The system of  claim 1 , further comprising a heat recovery steam generator configured to use heat from the rich CO 2  stream exiting the separator to generate steam. 
     
     
         16 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the first combustion chamber is further configured to receive high pressure steam. 
     
     
         17 . A method for generating power comprising:
 compressing one or more oxidants in a first compressor;   supplying the compressed oxidant and at least one first fuel to a first combustion chamber;   combusting the compressed oxidant and the at least one fuel in the first combustion chamber to generate an exhaust stream;   expanding the exhaust stream in a first expander to generate a gaseous exhaust stream; and   separating the gaseous exhaust stream into a CO 2  rich stream and a CO 2  lean stream.   
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 17 , further comprising expanding the lean CO 2  stream in a second expander. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 17 , further comprising compressing one or more oxidants in a second compressor and supplying the compressed oxidant to the first compressor. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein the first fuel comprises natural gas, oil, coke, coal, other hydrocarbons, hydrogen, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein the oxidant comprises air, oxygen-enriched air, oxygen, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 18 , further comprising operating the first expander at a pressure higher than that of the second expander. 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein the gaseous exhaust stream is separated using a process selected from hot potassium carbonate separation, amine separation, molecular sieve separation, membrane separation, adsorptive kinetic separation, controlled freeze zone separation, or combinations thereof. 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 17 , further comprising recycling at least a portion of the rich CO 2  stream to the first combustion chamber. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 18 , further comprising heating the lean CO 2  stream before expanding the lean CO 2  stream in the second expander. 
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein the lean CO 2  stream is heated in a heat exchanger. 
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein the lean CO 2  stream is heated by combusting one or more oxidants and a second fuel in a second heat exchanger. 
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 27 , wherein the second fuel comprises hydrogen. 
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 18 , further comprising generating steam in a heat recovery steam generator using heat from the lean CO 2  stream. 
     
     
         30 . The method of  claim 17 , further comprising generating steam in a heat recovery steam generator using heat from the rich CO 2  stream. 
     
     
         31 . The method of  claim 17 , further comprising injecting the rich CO 2  stream into a hydrocarbon reservoir. 
     
     
         32 . The method of  claim 17 , further comprising injecting the lean CO 2  stream into a hydrocarbon reservoir. 
     
     
         33 . The method of  claim 17 , further comprising supplying high pressure steam to the first combustion chamber.