Process for the purification of crude gas from solids gasification

Abstract

A process and device is provided for the generation and purification of a crude gas for synthesis gas generation from a solid carbon-containing fuel by a coal gasification reaction. The fuel is mixed with a quenching medium directly after generation to dissipate the internal energy and is then brought into contact with a compound or a sorbent in the mixing chamber or downstream of the mixing chamber such that the acidic or basic or sulphur-containing or halogen-containing constituents contained in the crude gas and originating from the gasification reaction are absorbed. A solids-separating device removes the solid or solidified constituents from the system. The sorbent can be regenerated and returned to the process such that an energy-intensive cooling of the crude gas is not required for its purification and the synthesis gas thus purified can be used in a subsequent process without any further heating.

1 . A device for carrying out a process for the generation and purification of a dust-containing crude gas of synthesis gas nature, comprising:
 a refractory reaction vessel which is suitable for the gasification of solid carbon-containing fuels by conversion with an oxygen-containing or water vapour-containing and oxygen-containing gas, and   a reaction chamber located downstream of the reaction vessel and equipped with feed devices for a solid sorbent and gaseous or vaporous or liquid substances for cooling the crude gas, wherein   the feed device for the solid sorbent and the gaseous or vaporous substances is configured as at least one opening which opens outwardly from the gasification device in the direction of the gas stream and comprises devices with the aid of which the sorbent in a mixture with the cooling gas can be fed and introduced by pressure to the product gas stream, in which the opening is configured as a nozzle which has an accelerating effect on the sorbent-containing gas stream so that the sorbent-containing crude gas stream is quickly heated and mixed with the crude gas to be purified.   
     
     
         2 . The device according to  claim 1 , wherein the opening for the cooling gas and the solid sorbent is designed as a slot. 
     
     
         3 . The device according to  claim 1 , wherein the devices for conveying the solid sorbent comprise pneumatic conveyers. 
     
     
         4 . The device according to  claim 1 , comprising a device for drying and grinding which is located upstream of the gasification reaction vessel. 
     
     
         5 . The device according to  claim 1 , wherein the reactor for carrying out the gasification process is equipped with at least one opening for the separate discharge of the liquid and solid reaction product and at least another opening for the separate discharge of the gaseous reaction product. 
     
     
         6 . The device according to  claim 1 , wherein the reaction chamber for introducing the gaseous, liquid or solid media is equipped with devices for feeding the quenching media to dissipate the high internal energy. 
     
     
         7 . The device according to  claim 1 , wherein the reaction chamber for introducing the gaseous, liquid or solid media is equipped with devices for feeding the solid sorbent to dissipate the high internal energy. 
     
     
         8 . The device according to  claim 1 , comprising facilities for introducing the solid sorbent in a gas flow downstream of the reaction chamber where a colder gas or an evaporated liquid or a liquid is added. 
     
     
         9 . The device according to  claim 1 , comprising at least one device suitable for solids separation. 
     
     
         10 . The device according to  claim 7 , comprising at least one device suitable for solids separation in the process flow downstream of the sorbent feed devices. 
     
     
         11 . The device according to  claim 7 , comprising facilities for feeding the solid sorbent to the solids separator. 
     
     
         12 . The device according to  claim 7 , wherein the device for separating the solid from the crude gas is an inertial separator, a centrifugal separator, ceramic filter elements, a cloth filter or an electrostatic precipitator. 
     
     
         13 . The device according to  claim 1 , comprising a particle bed filled with solid sorbent for passing the crude gas. 
     
     
         14 . The device according to  claim 7 , wherein the device is configured to pass the solid obtained from solids separation to a sorbent regeneration unit and to regenerate the sorbent contained in the solid. 
     
     
         15 . The device according to  claim 7 , wherein the device is configured to classify the separated solids from solids separation and separate these solids into fly ash or slag constituents and sorbent. 
     
     
         16 . The device according to  claim 15 , wherein the device is configured to regenerate the sorbent obtained from the classification of the separated solid. 
     
     
         17 . The device according to  claim 16 , comprising facilities for passing the separated or separated and regenerated solid to the coal gasification process. 
     
     
         18 . The device according to  claim 1 , comprising facilities for passing the separated or separated and regenerated sorbent to the coal gasification process. 
     
     
         19 . A device for carrying out a process for the generation and purification of a dust-containing crude gas of synthesis gas nature, the process comprising:
 generating crude gas by the gasification of a solid carbon-containing material with an oxygen-containing or water vapour-containing and oxygen-containing gas in a reactor suited for this purpose, in which:
 the generated crude gas contains acidic or basic or sulphur-containing or halogen-containing gaseous pollutants, because of the fuel composition and 
 the crude gas may also contain solid, ash-containing or slag-containing substances, 
   feeding the crude gas from the gasification reactor to a reaction chamber located downstream or upstream, where a colder gas or an evaporated liquid or a liquid is added by which the synthesis gas can react to dissipate the high internal energy,   adding a colder gas or an evaporated liquid and a solid sorbent to the dust-containing crude gas having a temperature of more than 1000° C., and   chemically cracking at least part of the sorbent during mixing with the hot crude gas such that it reacts within one second or less with the acidic or basic or sulphur-containing or halogen-containing substances and converts these substances to a solid and bound form, wherein   the mean temperature of the reacting crude gas ranges between 600° C. and 1000° C.;   wherein the device comprises:   a refractory reaction vessel which is suitable for the gasification of solid carbon-containing fuels by conversion with an oxygen-containing or water vapour-containing and oxygen-containing gas, and   a reaction chamber located downstream of the reaction vessel and equipped with feed devices for a solid sorbent and gaseous or vaporous or liquid substances for cooling the crude gas, wherein   the feed device for the solid sorbent and the gaseous or vaporous substances is configured as at least one opening which opens outwardly from the gasification device in the direction of the gas stream and comprises devices with the aid of which the sorbent in a mixture with the cooling gas can be fed and introduced by pressure to the product gas stream, in which   
       the opening is configured as a nozzle which has an accelerating effect on the sorbent-containing gas stream so that the sorbent-containing crude gas stream is quickly heated and mixed with the crude gas to be purified.