Process for fermentation of syngas

Abstract

A process for fermenting syngas is provided which is effective for decreasing an amount of time needed to inoculate a main reactor. The process includes propagating a culture of acetogenic bacteria to provide an incoulum for a main reactor and fermenting syngas in the main reactor.

1 - 10 . (canceled) 
     
     
         11 . A process for fermenting syngas comprising propagating a culture of acetogenic bacteria effective for inoculating a main fermentation reactor, the propagating including,
 i) inoculating a first culture of acetogenic bacteria into a pre-reactor to provide a minimum viable cell density of at least 0.2 grams per liter,   ii) growing the culture of acetogenic bacteria in the pre-reactor to provide a pre-reactor target cell density of at least 5 grams per liter,
 (a) wherein, if (the pre-reactor target cell density multiplied by the pre-reactor volume)÷(a volume of the main reactor multiplied by two) is greater than or equal to a minimum viable cell density, transfer a volume of the pre-reactor to the main reactor in an amount effective for providing a minimum viable cell density in the main reactor, or 
 (b) if (the pre-reactor target cell density multiplied by the pre-reactor volume)÷(a volume of the main reactor multiplied by two) is less than a minimum viable cell density, adjusting the volume of the main reactor and transferring a volume of the pre-reactor to the main reactor in an amount effective for providing a minimum viable cell density in the main reactor, and increasing the volume of the main reactor while maintaining a minimum viable cell density. 
   
     
     
         12 . (canceled) 
     
     
         13 . (canceled) 
     
     
         14 . The process of  claim 11  wherein the syngas has a CO/CO 2  molar ratio of at least about 0.75. 
     
     
         15 . The process of  claim 11  wherein the syngas has about 20 to about 100 mole % CO. 
     
     
         16 . The process of  claim 11  wherein the syngas used for propagating acetogenic bacteria is substantially CO. 
     
     
         17 . The process of  claim 11  wherein the first culture has a pH of 6.5 or less and an acetic acid concentration of 10 grams per liter or less. 
     
     
         18 . The process of  claim 11  wherein the acetogenic bacteria is selected from the group consisting of  Acetogenium kivui, Acetoanaerobium noterae, Acetobacterium woodii, Alkalibaculum bacchi  CP 11 (ATCC BAA-1772),  Blautia producta, Butyribacterium methylotrophicum, Caldanaerobacter subterraneous, Caldanaerobacter subterraneous pacificus, Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans, Clostridium aceticum, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium acetobutylicum  P262 (DSM 19630 of DSMZ Germany),  Clostridium autoethanogenum  (DSM 19630 of DSMZ ( Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen and Zellkulturen ) Germany),  Clostridium autoethanogenum  (DSM 10061 of DSMZ Germany),  Clostridium autoethanogenum  (DSM 23693 of DSMZ Germany),  Clostridium autoethanogenum  (DSM 24138 of DSMZ Germany),  Clostridium carboxidivorans  P7 (ATCC PTA-7827),  Clostridium coskatii  (ATCC PTA-10522),  Clostridium drakei, Clostridium ljungdahlii  PETC (ATCC 49587),  Clostridium ljungdahlii  ER12 (ATCC 55380),  Clostridium ljungdahlii  C-01 (ATCC 55988),  Clostridium ljungdahlii  O-52 (ATCC 55889),  Clostridium magnum, Clostridium pasteurianum  (DSM 525 of DSMZ Germany),  Clostridium ragsdali  P11 (ATCC BAA-622),  Clostridium scatologenes, Clostridium thermoaceticum, Clostridium ultunense, Desulfotomaculum kuznetsovii, Eubacterium limosum, Geobacter sulfurreducens, Methanosarcina acetivorans, Methanosarcina barkeri, Morrella thermoacetica, Morrella thermoautotrophica, Oxobacter pfennigii, Peptostreptococcus productus, Ruminococcus productus, Thermoanaerobacter kivui , and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         19 . A process for starting a main fermentor for fermentation of syngas, the process comprising:
 inoculating a first culture of acetogenic bacteria into a seed reactor to provide a minimum initial viable cell density in the seed reactor of at least about 0.2 grams per liter;   growing the culture of acetogenic bacteria with syngas to provide a cell density in the seed reactor of at least about 5 grams per liter;   inoculating a first growth reactor with an inoculum from the seed reactor in an amount effective for providing a cell density in the growth reactor of at least about 0.2 grams per liter;   growing the culture with syngas to provide a cell density in the first growth reactor of at least about 5 grams per liter;   inoculating a second growth reactor with an inoculum from the first growth reactor in an amount effective for providing a cell density in the growth reactor of at least about 0.2 grams per liter;   growing the culture with syngas to provide a cell density in the second growth reactor of at least about 5 grams per liter; and   inoculating a main fermentor with an inoculum from the second growth reactor in an amount effective for providing a cell density in the main reactor of at least about 0.2 grams per liter.   
     
     
         20 . The process of  claim 19  wherein the first culture has a pH of 6.5 or less and an acetic acid concentration of 10 grams per liter or less. 
     
     
         21 . The process of  claim 19  wherein about 25% to about 75% of a volume of the seed reactor is inoculated into the first growth reactor, about 25% to about 75% of a volume of the first growth reactor is inoculated into the second growth reactor, and about 25% to about 75% of a volume of the second growth reactor is inoculated into the main fermentor. 
     
     
         22 . The process of  claim 19  wherein a ratio of reactor volume to volume of a reactor receiving the inoculum is about 0.02 to about 0.5. 
     
     
         23 . The process of  claim 19  wherein the seed reactor has a volume of 500 liters or less. 
     
     
         24 . The process of  claim 19  wherein the syngas has a CO/CO 2  molar ratio of at least about 0.75. 
     
     
         25 . The process of  claim 19  wherein the syngas has about 20 to about 100 mole % CO. 
     
     
         26 . The process of  claim 19  wherein the syngas used for propagating acetogenic bacteria is substantially CO. 
     
     
         27 . The process of  claim 19  wherein the acetogenic bacteria is selected from the group consisting of  Acetogenium kivui, Acetoanaerobium noterae, Aceto bacterium woodii, Alkalibaculum bacchi  CP11 (ATCC BAA-1772),  Blautia producta, Butyribacterium methylotrophicum, Caldanaerobacter subterraneous, Caldanaerobacter subterraneous pacificus, Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans, Clostridium aceticum, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium acetobutylicum  P262 (DSM 19630 of DSMZ ( Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen and Zellkulturen ) Germany),  Clostridium autoethanogenum  (DSM 19630 of DSMZ Germany),  Clostridium autoethanogenum  (DSM 10061 of DSMZ Germany),  Clostridium autoethanogenum  (DSM 23693 of DSMZ Germany),  Clostridium autoethanogenum  (DSM 24138 of DSMZ Germany),  Clostridium carboxidivorans  P7 (ATCC PTA-7827),  Clostridium coskatii  (ATCC PTA-10522),  Clostridium drakei, Clostridium ljungdahlii  PETC (ATCC 49587),  Clostridium ljungdahlii  ER12 (ATCC 55380),  Clostridium ljungdahlii  C-01 (ATCC 55988),  Clostridium ljungdahlii  O-52 (ATCC 55889),  Clostridium magnum, Clostridium pasteurianum  (DSM 525 of DSMZ Germany),  Clostridium ragsdali  P11 (ATCC BAA-622),  Clostridium scatologenes, Clostridium thermoaceticum, Clostridium ultunense, Desulfotomaculum kuznetsovii, Eubacterium limosum, Geobacter sulfurreducens, Methanosarcina acetivorans, Methanosarcina barkeri, Morrella thermoacetica, Morrella thermoautotrophica, Oxobacter pfennigii, Peptostreptococcus productus, Ruminococcus productus, Thermoanaerobacter kivui , and mixtures thereof.