Pension fund systems

Abstract

There is provided a computer-implemented method of projecting the future cash flows of a pension scheme, comprising: receiving data representative of the members of the pension scheme; receiving data representative of a mortality assumption; calculating, using data processing apparatus, for each pension scheme member, a projection of the future cash flow liabilities of the pension scheme to that member on the basis of the pension scheme member data and by applying the mortality assumption data to the pension scheme member data; and generating, using data processing apparatus, data representative of a projected liability cash flow of the pension scheme to all of its members by aggregating the liabilities to each member.

1 - 22 . (canceled) 
     
     
         23 . A computer system comprising:
 at least one processor that:
 regularly calculates a value of obligations of a pension scheme to members of the pension scheme by applying data representative of a demographic assumption for the members, data representative of a market assumption and data representative of rules of the pension scheme to regularly updated data representative of the members to provide an indication of a value of liabilities of the pension scheme; and 
 regularly calculates a value for all asset classes held in an investment portfolio of the pension scheme based on regularly updated market data, data representative of a market assumption, and data representative of assets of the pension scheme to provide an indication of a value of the assets of the pension scheme; and 
   at least one server, in communication with said at least one processor, that provides up-to-date reporting of the value of the assets and liabilities of the pension scheme based on the results of said regularly performed calculations.   
     
     
         24 . A computer system as in  claim 23 , wherein the demographic assumption comprises a mortality assumption and wherein the mortality assumption is based on a mortality table of a reference population. 
     
     
         25 . A computer system as in  claim 24 , wherein the mortality assumption includes adjustments made to the mortality table of a reference population based on an analysis of the members of the pension scheme. 
     
     
         26 . A computer system as in  claim 25 , wherein the analysis of the members of the pension scheme includes an analysis of the actual mortality experience of the pension scheme and/or an analysis of the socio-economic characteristics of the members of the pension scheme. 
     
     
         27 . A computer system as in  claim 25 , wherein the analysis of the members of the pension scheme is used to adjust, at a pension scheme group level, the mortality rate of the mortality assumptions for all pension scheme members and/or the future improvements in mortality of the mortality assumptions for all pension scheme members, and/or, at an individual pension scheme member level, the mortality rate of the mortality assumptions for each member. 
     
     
         28 . A computer system as in  claim 23 , wherein the demographic assumption comprises a mortality assumption, and wherein the computer system further comprises:
 at least one processor that:
 calculates, in response to user input, data representative of an adjusted mortality assumption by applying a user-specified adjustment to the mortality assumption; and 
 recalculates an adjusted value of the pension scheme liabilities using the adjusted mortality assumption; and 
   at least one server, in communication with said at least one processor, that presents the results of said recalculation in the reporting of assets and liabilities of the pension scheme.   
     
     
         29 . A computer system as in  claim 28 , wherein the user-specified adjustment comprises an adjustment, at a pension scheme group level, to the mortality rate of the mortality assumptions for all pension scheme members or to the future improvements in mortality of the mortality assumptions for all pension scheme members. 
     
     
         30 . A computer system as in  claim 28 , wherein the user-specified adjustment comprises adjustments, at an individual pension scheme member level, to the mortality rate of the mortality assumptions for each member. 
     
     
         31 . A computer system as in  claim 30 , wherein the individual member mortality adjustments for each member are dependent on the socio-economic characteristics of that member. 
     
     
         32 . A computer system as in  claim 23 , wherein said at least one processor further:
 provides a plurality of possible demographic assumptions and market assumptions, selectable by a user for use in the step of calculating the value of the liabilities of the pension scheme, and   responsive to a user selection of one of said plurality of possible demographic assumptions and one of said plurality of possible market assumptions, provides to the user the results of the calculation of the value of the liabilities of the pension scheme performed using said selected demographic assumption and said selected market assumption.   
     
     
         33 . A computer system as in  claim 23 , wherein the data representative of a market assumption includes one or more assumptions from the group comprising: an interest rate assumption, an inflation assumption, a discount rate assumption, an FX assumption, a credit spread assumption, an asset value market stress assumption, an equity dividend assumption, and a salary assumption. 
     
     
         34 . A computer system as in  claim 33 , wherein said at least one processor further:
 recalculates, responsive to user input of a stress related to the demographic assumption and/or market assumption, and using data processing apparatus, what the value of the pension scheme assets and/or liabilities would be in the event that stressed assumptions were to occur by applying data representative of a user-specified stress to adjust a mortality assumption, interest rate assumption, inflation assumption, and/or a discount rate assumption.   
     
     
         35 . A computer system as in  claim 23 , wherein said at least one server further:
 provides in the reporting an indication of the risk exposure of the scheme assets. and/or liabilities.   
     
     
         36 . A computer system as in  claim 23 , wherein said at least one processor further:
 calculates a metric of the risk exposure of the pension scheme on the basis of the pension scheme assets and/or liabilities.   
     
     
         37 . A computer system as in  claim 36 , wherein the metric calculated is one of: a funding level of the pension scheme, a contributions requirement to ensure the pension scheme is fully funded, value of a surplus/deficit of the scheme, a volatility of the funding level of the pension scheme, a change in asset and/or liability cash flows and valuations over a given time or in response to stress testing, a Value at Risk, a Risk Based Capital (RBC) requirement to support the pension scheme, a Risk Adjusted Return on Capital of the assets, and a risk of an as set-liability mismatch. 
     
     
         38 . A computer configured to be usable to provide a risk management report in relation to a pension scheme, comprising:
 data processing apparatus; and   a non-transitory data carrier containing instructions which when run on the data processing apparatus, cause said data processing apparatus to be operable to:
 regularly calculate a value of obligations of a pension scheme to members of the pension scheme by applying data representative of a demographic assumption for the members, data representative of a market assumption and data representative of rules of the pension scheme to regularly updated data representative of the members to provide an indication of a value of liabilities of the pension scheme; 
 regularly calculate a value for all asset classes held in an investment portfolio of the pension scheme based on regularly updated market data, data representative of a market assumption, and data representative of assets of the pension scheme to provide an indication of a value of the assets of the pension scheme; and 
   provide, using said data processing apparatus, up-to-date reporting of the value of the assets and liabilities of the pension scheme based on the results of said regularly performed calculations.   
     
     
         39 . A non-transitory data carrier containing instructions which, when run on a data processing apparatus of a computer, cause the data processing apparatus to:
 regularly calculate a value of obligations of a pension scheme to members of the pension scheme by applying data representative of a demographic assumption for the members, data representative of a market assumption and data representative of rules of the pension scheme to regularly updated data representative of the members to provide an indication of a value of liabilities of the pension scheme;   regularly calculate a value for all asset classes held in an investment portfolio of the pension scheme based on regularly updated market data, data representative of a market assumption, and data representative of assets of the pension scheme to provide an indication of a value of the assets of the pension scheme; and   provide up-to-date reporting of the value of the assets and liabilities of the pension scheme based on the results of said regularly performed calculations.   
     
     
         40 . A computer system as in  claim 23 , wherein:
 said at least one processor:
 regularly and automatically calculates a projection of future cash flow obligations of the pension scheme to members of the pension scheme by applying data representative of a demographic assumption for the members, data representative of a market assumption and data representative of the rules of the pension scheme to regularly updated data representative of the members to provide an indication of the value of the liabilities of the pension scheme; and 
 regularly and automatically calculates a projection of future cash flows for all asset classes held in an investment portfolio of the pension scheme based on regularly updated market data, data representative of a market assumption, and data representative of the pension scheme assets to provide an indication of the value of the assets of the pension scheme; and 
   said at least one server provides up-to-date reporting of the value of the assets and liabilities of the pension scheme based on the results of said regularly performed calculations.   
     
     
         41 . A computer system as in  claim 40 , wherein the market assumption includes one or more assumptions from the group comprising: an interest rate assumption, an inflation assumption, a discount rate assumption, an FX assumption, a credit spread assumption, an asset value market stress assumption, an equity dividend assumption, and a salary assumption. 
     
     
         42 . A computer system as in  claim 23 , wherein:
 said at least one processor:
 responsive to user input, calculates data representative of an adjusted market assumption by applying a user-specified adjustment to the market assumption; and 
 recalculates an adjusted value of the pension scheme assets using the adjusted market assumption; and 
   said at least one server presents the results of said recalculation in the reporting of assets and liabilities of the pension scheme.   
     
     
         43 . A computer system as in  claim 23 , wherein said at least one processor:
 provides a plurality of possible market assumptions, selectable by a user for use in calculating the value of the assets of the pension scheme, and   responsive to a user selection of one of said plurality of possible market assumptions, provides to the user the results of the calculation of the value of the assets of the pension scheme performed using said selected market assumption.   
     
     
         44 . A computer system as in  claim 23 , wherein said at least one server provides to the user in the reporting access to detail of the demographic and/or market assumptions, and/or providing access to the regularly updated market data. 
     
     
         45 . A computer system comprising at least one processor that:
 calculates a projection of future cash flow obligations of a pension scheme to members of the pension scheme by applying data representative of a demographic assumption for the members, data representative of a market assumption and data representative of rules of the pension scheme to regularly updated data representative of the members;   calculates a projection of future cash flows for all asset classes held in an investment portfolio of the pension scheme based on regularly updated market data, data representative of a market assumption, and data representative of the pension scheme assets; and   calculates what the projected future cash flow obligations of the pension scheme and/or what the projected future cash flows for the assets held by the pension scheme would be in the event that stressed assumptions were to occur by applying data representative of a user-specified stress to adjust a mortality assumption, and/or the market assumption.   
     
     
         46 . A computer system as in  claim 40 , wherein said at least one processor generates data representative of the projected net cash flows of the pension scheme. 
     
     
         47 . A computer system as in  claim 40 , wherein said at least one processor provides an analysis of changes that can be made to the projected asset cash flow to reduce the risk exposure of the pension scheme. 
     
     
         48 . A computer system as in  claim 40 , wherein said at least one processor generates reports of the pension scheme asset and/or liability projections for use in achieving regulatory compliance. 
     
     
         49 . A computer system as in  claim 40 , wherein said at least one processor performs a stochastic modeling of the future cash flows of the assets and/or liabilities of the pension scheme.