Choline Esters

Abstract

Compounds, formulations, and methods are provided containing the choline ester of a reducing agent, especially lipoic acid or derivatives thereof. The compounds may be administered via a topical ocular route to treat or prevent oxidative damage.

1 - 21 . (canceled) 
     
     
         22 . A method of preventing or treating oxidation damage to cells comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition of  claim 32 . 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 22 , further comprising administering a biochemical energy source. 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 22 , wherein the cells are in vivo. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 24 , wherein the cells are ocular cells. 
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 22 , wherein administering comprises topical ocular delivery. 
     
     
         27 - 31 . (canceled) 
     
     
         32 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising an active agent that is a reducing agent-choline ester at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.