Diagnosis of sepsis

Abstract

Methods for predicting the development of sepsis in a subject at risk for developing sepsis are provided. In one method, features in a biomarker profile of the subject are evaluated. The subject is likely to develop sepsis if these features satisfy a particular value set. Methods for predicting the development of a stage of sepsis in a subject at risk for developing a stage of sepsis are provided. In one method, a plurality of features in a biomarker profile of the subject is evaluated. The subject is likely to have the stage of sepsis if these feature values satisfy a particular value set. Methods of diagnosing sepsis in a subject are provided. In one such method, a plurality of features in a biomarker profile of the subject is evaluated. The subject is likely to develop sepsis when the plurality of features satisfies a particular value set.

We claim: 
     
         1 . A method of predicting an increased likelihood of developing sepsis in a human SIRS patient comprising:
 obtaining a first blood sample from said patient, said sample comprising biomarker mRNAs;   measuring the abundances of said biomarker mRNAs in said first blood sample taken from said patient, wherein said biomarker mRNAs comprise Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II, DR Alpha (HLA-DRA) mRNA and mRNAs from at least four other biomarkers listed in Table J;   comparing said abundances of said biomarker mRNAs in said first blood sample to abundances of said biomarker mRNAs in (i) blood samples taken 0-36 hours prior to sepsis development in a SIRS-positive human patient population that progresses to sepsis, and (ii) blood samples taken from a SIRS-positive human patient population that does not progress to sepsis;   wherein an increased likelihood of developing sepsis is predicted in the SIRS patient when it is determined that the biomarker mRNA abundances in the first blood sample are statistically significantly similar to the biomarker mRNA abundances in the blood samples taken from the SIRS-positive human patient population that progresses to sepsis;   wherein a decreased likelihood of developing sepsis is predicted in the SIRS patient when it is determined that the mRNA abundances in the first blood sample are statistically significantly similar to the mRNA abundances in the blood samples taken from the SIRS-positive human patient population that does not progress to sepsis; and   wherein said SIRS-positive human patient population that progresses to sepsis and said SIRS-positive human patient human population that does not progress to sepsis each comprises at least 20 individuals.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said biomarker mRNAs comprise a combination of biomarker mRNAs selected from the combinations consisting of:
 GADD45B, PFKFB3, PSTPIP2, FCGR1A, HLA-DRA, ARG2;   HLA-DRA, INSL3, ARG2, CD86, CCL5, SOCS3;   GADD45A, PSTPIP2, BCL2A1, ANKRD22, HLA-DRA, ANXA3;   INSL3, NCR1, PSTPIP2, PFKFB3, ANKRD22, HLA-DRA, MKNK1;   FCGR1A, HLA-DRA, CSF1R, SOCS3, IRAK4, TIFA, ARG2;   LDLR, INSL3, GADD45B, ARG2, PFKFB3, HLA-DRA, ITGAM;   IRAK4, INSL3, CSF1R, ITGAM, VNN1, HLA-DRA, IL18R1;   ANXA3, TNFSF10, CEACAM1, FCGR1A, HLA-DRA, IL10alpha, 12, SOCS3;   HLA-DRA, CEACAM1, IFNGR1, MKNK1, LDLR, GADD45B, 12, CSF1R;   FAD104, MAPK14, IFNGR1, IL18R1, TNFSF10, CD86, 12, HLA-DRA;   TIFA, IL1RN, MAP2K6, HLA-DRA, OSM, FAD104, 12, INSL3;   JAK2, IRAK2, PRV1, TNFSF13B, OSM, HLA-DRA, 12, IFNGR1;   PRV1, TLR4, CSF1R, IL18R1, PSTPIP2, TDRD9, 12, HLA-DRA;   ANKRD22, HLA-DRA, PRV1, NCR1, CSF1R, PSTPIP2, 12, LY96;   INSL3, ARG2, LDLR, HLA-DRA, NCR1, TIFA, LY96, ITGAM, SOCS3;   CD86, CSF1R, SOD2, OSM, SOCS3, BCL2A1, GADD45B, ARG2, HLA-DRA;   ARG2, CD86, MAP2K6, HLA-DRA, IL10alpha, IRAK2, GADD45B, MKNK1, IL18R1;   GADD45B, ITGAM, PRV1, SOD2, TNFSF13B, HLA-DRA, FAD104, TNFRSF6, TLR4;   HLA-DRA, GADD45A, FCGR1A, ANKRD22, ARG2, NCR1, BCL2A1, IRAK2, SOCS3;   IL18R1, CSF1R, IRAK2, HLA-DRA, PFKFB3, CRTAP, CD86, TIFA, TNFSF10;   PSTPIP2, ANKRD22, TNFSF10, INSL3, HLA-DRA, NCR1, TNFSF13B, CSF1R, Gene_MMP9;   PSTPIP2, ANKRD22, TNFSF10, INSL3, HLA-DRA, NCR1, TNFSF13B, CSF1R, Gene_MMP9;   SOD2, PRV1, MKNK1, FCGR1A, CD86, GADD45A, IL18R1, TNFSF13B, HLA-DRA;   NCR1, SOCS3, HLA-DRA, PFKFB3, FAD104, IRAK4, VNN1, CCL5, MAP2K6;   CRTAP, ARG2, SOD2, TDRD9, TNFRSF6, TIFA, OSM, Gene_MMP9, HLA-DRA;   TNFSF13B, JAK2, IRAK4, TDRD9, HLA-DRA, SOCS3, PSTPIP2, FAD104, SOD2;   Gene_MMP9, SOD2, JAK2, CD86, HLA-DRA, IRAK2, CEACAM1, MAPK14, ANXA3;   GADD45B, ITGAM, TLR4, NCR1, CD86, TNFSF13B, HLA-DRA, FCGR1A, OSM;   NCR1, HLA-DRA, BCL2A1, ARG2, SOCS3, IL18R1, PSTPIP2, VNN1, CD86, GADD45A, CCL5;   TGFB1, SOCS3, MAP2K6, ANXA3, TLR4, IL1RN, VNN1, HLA-DRA, TIFA, JAK2, TDRD9;   CRTAP, TNFRSF6, LDLR, VNN1, HLA-DRA, SOCS3, TGFB1, TNFSF10, IFNGR1, ARG2, FCGR1A;   HLA-DRA, BCL2A1, PSTPIP2, PFKFB3, JAK2, TNFSF10, ARG2, CEACAM1, IL18R1, MAPK14, CSF1R;   GADD45B, TNFSF10, TNFSF13B, OSM, VNN1, PRV1, MKNK1, Gene_MMP9, ANXA3, TGFB1, HLA-DRA;   VNN1, SOD2, CCL5, BCL2A1, HLA-DRA, ANKRD22, CD86, TDRD9, TLR4, FCGR1A, TNFSF10;   CSF1R, ITGAM, HLA-DRA, MAP2K6, JAK2, FCGR1A, OSM, LDLR, SOCS3, TNFRSF6, IL18R1;   OSM, GADD45A, TNFSF10, IFNGR1, CRTAP, JAK2, ANKRD22, HLA-DRA, TNFSF13B, SOCS3, FCGR1A;   CCL5, CD86, HLA-DRA, SOCS3, TGFB1, PSTPIP2, ANXA3, GADD45A, CSF1R, IRAK4, FAD104, MAPK14;   TNFRSF6, IL10alpha, PSTPIP2, HLA-DRA, CRTAP, ARG2, MKNK1, NCR1, OSM, INSL3, VNN1, FAD104;   FCGR1A, HLA-DRA, IFNGR1, CD86, LY96, ANXA3, MAP2K6, TDRD9, IL18R1, PRV1, SOCS3, TIFA;   LDLR, MAP2K6, INSL3, TDRD9, NCR1, IL1RN, HLA-DRA, ARG2, MKNK1, MAPK14, OSM, PFKFB3;   LY96, TNFSF13B, HLA-DRA, IRAK2, FCGR1A, ANXA3, CEACAM1, FAD104, TDRD9, IL1RN, ARG2, LDLR;   OSM, NCR1, HLA-DRA, TNFSF10, PSTPIP2, IL1RN, SOCS3, INSL3, TNFRSF6, MAPK14, Gene_MMP9, CEACAM1, IL18R1;   SOD2, JAK2, PSTPIP2, MAPK14, MAP2K6, FCGR1A, CCL5, ITGAM, CD86, GADD45B, IL1RN, HLA-DRA, VNN1;   IRAK4, JAK2, SOD2, Gene_MMP9, PSTPIP2, PFKFB3, HLA-DRA, TNFRSF6, FAD104, ARG2, IFNGR1, IRAK2, MAP2K6;   PSTPIP2, MAPK14, CCL5, Gene_MMP9, TNFRSF6, IL10alpha, LY96, IL1RN, ARG2, SOCS3, TLR4, OSM, HLA-DRA;   TGFB1, IL1RN, INSL3, PSTPIP2, NCR1, FAD104, HLA-DRA, CD86, IRAK4, IL10alpha, ARG2, CSF1R, MAP2K6;   GADD45A, HLA-DRA, INSL3, ANKRD22, ANXA3, CD86, IRAK4, GADD45B, PFKFB3, ITGAM, VNN1, NCR1, JAK2;   IFNGR1, TLR4, CRTAP, ANKRD22, Gene_MMP9, JAK2, INSL3, ITGAM, IRAK4, HLA-DRA, BCL2A1, OSM, TNFSF10, NCR1;   CD86, FCGR1A, MKNK1, TNFRSF6, GADD45B, LY96, NCR1, PSTPIP2, HLA-DRA, VNN1, ANXA3, IRAK4, ARG2, TGFB1;   ARG2, ANKRD22, OSM, LDLR, CCL5, IL1RN, FCGR1A, PFKFB3, CSF1R, ANXA3, HLA-DRA, INSL3, NCR1, TIFA;   TLR4, MKNK1, SOD2, SOCS3, FAD104, HLA-DRA, PSTPIP2, ANKRD22, TIFA, TNFRSF6, JAK2, TNFSF10, ARG2, CSF1R, TLR4;   TLR4, MKNK1, SOD2, SOCS3, FAD104, HLA-DRA, PSTPIP2, ANKRD22, TIFA, TNFRSF6, JAK2, TNFSF10, ARG2, CSF1R, IRAK4;   NCR1, INSL3, HLA-DRA, TNFSF10, TNFRSF6, FCGR1A, OSM, GADD45B, MKNK1, TNFSF13B, CSF1R, LY96, MAPK14, PRV1, CCL5;   IRAK2, IL10alpha, INSL3, FAD104, TIFA, SOD2, IFNGR1, IL1RN, HLA-DRA, LY96, IL18R1, CCL5, CD86, TDRD9, TNFSF10;   SOD2, IFNGR1, CEACAM1, OSM, FAD104, HLA-DRA, CRTAP, IL10alpha, TGFB1, GADD45A, ITGAM, IL18R1, CCL5, TLR4, FCGR1A;   MKNK1, CRTAP, PRV1, IL1RN, GADD45A, TNFRSF6, FAD104, HLA-DRA, CEACAM1, PSTPIP2, OSM, JAK2, IL18R1, LDLR, IRAK4;   FCGR1A, BCL2A1, IFNGR1, CRTAP, VNN1, TIFA, CCL5, NCR1, OSM, HLA-DRA, IRAK4, INSL3, MAP2K6, TNFSF13B, ARG2;   HLA-DRA, IRAK2, FCGR1A, ANXA3, ITGAM, LY96, TDRD9, SOCS3, IL1RN, PFKFB3, GADD45B, TNFSF13B, TLR4, ARG2, CSF1R, FAD104;   GADD45A, CSF1R, INSL3, BCL2A1, TDRD9, LDLR, HLA-DRA, MAP2K6, PSTPIP2, CCL5, ANXA3, PRV1, TNFRSF6, TLR4, CD86, JAK2;   TNFSF10, PRV1, SOCS3, FAD104, TNFRSF6, ARG2, Gene_MMP9, FCGR1A, TGFB1, NCR1, CRTAP, MAP2K6, ANXA3, CSF1R, HLA-DRA, JAK2;   FAD104, OSM, LDLR, TNFSF10, GADD45B, HLA-DRA, TNFRSF6, GADD45A, CD86, TDRD9, ITGAM, ANXA3, IFNGR1, MAPK14, CSF1R, TGFB1;   PSTPIP2, ARG2, MAP2K6, INSL3, SOCS3, JAK2, FAD104, ANKRD22, HLA-DRA, ITGAM, GADD45B, LY96, IRAK2, PFKFB3, TNFRSF6, IFNGR1;   CSF1R, CCL5, ARG2, BCL2A1, FCGR1A, MKNK1, TDRD9, IFNGR1, PFKFB3, ITGAM, JAK2, OSM, GADD45B, FAD104, NCR1, HLA-DRA;   CEACAM1, IL18R1, SOCS3, CRTAP, LDLR, HLA-DRA, LY96, IL1RN, IL10alpha, BCL2A1, GADD45A, TIFA, FAD104, ANKRD22, OSM, CCL5, IFNGR1;   FAD104, GADD45B, HLA-DRA, VNN1, IL10alpha, CD86, JAK2, INSL3, TDRD9, TLR4, IRAK4, SOD2, LDLR, CCL5, MKNK1, ARG2, IL18R1;   IRAK2, HLA-DRA, IFNGR1, MAP2K6, TLR4, ITGAM, SOCS3, CD86, ARG2, VNN1, IL18R1, ANXA3, FCGR1A, IL1RN, Gene_MMP9, TGFB1, IL10alpha;   IRAK2, MKNK1, PSTPIP2, ANXA3, HLA-DRA, TNFSF10, IFNGR1, PFKFB3, OSM, PRV1, IL1RN, IL10alpha, FAD104, CD86, TIFA, BCL2A1, TNFSF13B;   VNN1, IFNGR1, LY96, SOD2, IL18R1, SOCS3, FCGR1A, ARG2, CSF1R, Gene_MMP9, IRAK4, MAP2K6, TIFA, FAD104, HLA-DRA, GADD45B, IL;   TNFSF13B, FAD104, PRV1, TIFA, SOD2, TDRD9, TLR4, TNFRSF6, MKNK1, OSM, MAP2K6, CCL5, ARG2, LDLR, HLA-DRA, PSTPIP2, IL18R1;   IRAK2, OSM, MAP2K6, TNFSF13B, ANKRD22, HLA-DRA, SOD2, TNFSF10, VNN1, ARG2, IRAK4, LY96, IFNGR1, JAK2, BCL2A1, FCGR1A, CSF1R;   HLA-DRA, GADD45A, ANXA3, ARG2, FAD104, PFKFB3, ITGAM, JAK2, MAPK14, OSM, CD86, LDLR, TIFA, CCL5, NCR1, IRAK2, SOD2, PRV1;   GADD45A, INSL3, IRAK2, TNFSF10, TGFB1, IRAK4, NCR1, HLA-DRA, CEACAM1, GADD45B, MAPK14, CD86, IL18R1, CRTAP, ANKRD22, PSTPIP2, LY96, PFKFB3;   BCL2A1, ANKRD22, OSM, CD86, ITGAM, ANXA3, FCGR1A, CCL5, TIFA, IRAK4, HLA-DRA, NCR1, CRTAP, TLR4, CEACAM1, FAD104, ARG2, MAP2K6;   INSL3, TLR4, BCL2A1, ANKRD22, FAD104, MAP2K6, GADD45B, ARG2, NCR1, MKNK1, ITGAM, CSF1R, IL1RN, HLA-DRA, LDLR, CRTAP, PRV1, LY96;   CRTAP, HLA-DRA, ARG2, PSTPIP2, MKNK1, INSL3, TIFA, CEACAM1, JAK2, Gene_MMP9, TLR4, IRAK4, CD86, FAD104, CCL5, TNFSF10, LDLR, IFNGR1;   MAP2K6, CSF1R, HLA-DRA, ANKRD22, MKNK1, SOCS3, TNFSF10, LDLR, FAD104, CEACAM1, TNFSF13B, TDRD9, IRAK4, VNN1, IL18R1, OSM, PSTPIP2, Gene_MMP9;   CCL5, SOD2, JAK2, IRAK4, IRAK2, Gene_MMP9, IFNGR1, TLR4, GADD45A, TNFSF10, CSF1R, IL18R1, PRV1, TNFSF13B, HLA-DRA, LDLR, CD86, SOCS3, FAD 104;   MAP2K6, TNFSF13B, SOD2, GADD45B, HLA-DRA, CSF1R, CCL5, TIFA, NCR1, IFNGR1, OSM, CD86, SOCS3, ARG2, IL10alpha, BCL2A1, TDRD9, LDLR, GADD45A;   ARG2, PRV1, IRAK4, TNFRSF6, MAP2K6, SOCS3, IL18R1, HLA-DRA, IFNGR1, ANXA3, TNFSF10, JAK2, FCGR1A, GADD45A, INSL3, IL1RN, TNFSF13B, ITGAM, CSF1R;   LDLR, INSL3, JAK2, TNFRSF6, PRV1, IFNGR1, OSM, ITGAM, FCGR1A, IL10alpha, NCR1, TDRD9, MAP2K6, TNFSF13B, TIFA, HLA-DRA, ANKRD22, GADD45B, IL1RN;   SOD2, ARG2, HLA-DRA, LY96, Gene_MMP9, VNN1, CD86, IL10alpha, CSF1R, PSTPIP2, JAK2, TNFSF13B, IRAK2, CCL5, ANKRD22, TLR4, IL1RN, OSM, GADD45B;   SOCS3, TGFB1, FCGR1A, TDRD9, GADD45A, TIFA, IFNGR1, VNN1, ITGAM, MAPK14, OSM, ANXA3, TNFSF13B, IL1RN, HLA-DRA, ARG2, MAP2K6, TLR4, PSTPIP2;   CD86, INSL3, MAPK14, TIFA, MAP2K6, Gene_MMP9, CRTAP, CSF1R, MKNK1, IL10alpha, FAD104, PRV1, BCL2A1, NCR1, LDLR, IRAK4, HLA-DRA, IFNGR1, TDRD9;   IL1RN, TLR4, PSTPIP2, IL18R1, GADD45A, IL10alpha, BCL2A1, MKNK1, IRAK2, HLA-DRA, ANKRD22, NCR1, CEACAM1, IRAK4, OSM, TIFA, SOD2, TGFB1, Gene_MMP9;   GADD45A, LY96, ITGAM, CCL5, TNFSF10, TNFSF13B, HLA-DRA, CSF1R, TIFA, SOCS3, MKNK1, ARG2, IFNGR1, IL1RN, BCL2A1, OSM, PFKFB3, PSTPIP2, IRAK2;   Gene_MMP9, GADD45A, PSTPIP2, INSL3, IRAK4, HLA-DRA, CCL5, TGFB1, OSM, LY96, TDRD9, NCR1, PFKFB3, IFNGR1, IRAK2, VNN1, CRTAP, TIFA, CD86;   LDLR, ARG2, MAP2K6, MAPK14, IL18R1, CCL5, PSTPIP2, ANKRD22, OSM, TDRD9, HLA-DRA, SOCS3, ANXA3, TNFRSF6, TIFA, CD86, FAD104, MKNK1, BCL2A1, IRAK2;   FCGR1A, HLA-DRA, ARG2, CRTAP, CEACAM1, TNFSF13B, OSM, ANXA3, IL1RN, Gene_MMP9, TNFRSF6, FAD104, JAK2, IFNGR1, MKNK1, LDLR, IL10alpha, TGFB1, SOD2, CCL5;   GADD45A, MAPK14, ARG2, TDRD9, NCR1, IL18R1, SOD2, ITGAM, FCGR1A, SOCS3, HLA-DRA, IRAK4, TNFRSF6, PRV1, CD86, TGFB1, TNFSF13B, TIFA, VNN1, FAD104;   HLA-DRA, ARG2, IL1RN, SOCS3, PSTPIP2, CCL5, IFNGR1, CD86, TLR4, TGFB1, LY96, TNFRSF6, OSM, MAP2K6, VNN1, ITGAM, TNFSF10, NCR1, IRAK4, MAPK14;   GADD45B, SOD2, CRTAP, OSM, TNFSF13B, CCL5, CD86, INSL3, HLA-DRA, TNFRSF6, TGFB1, GADD45A, FCGR1A, FAD104, JAK2, IL1RN, PFKFB3, MAP2K6, CEACAM1, TDRD9;   TLR4, GADD45A, JAK2, OSM, CD86, SOCS3, CEACAM1, IL18R1, MAP2K6, PRV1, FAD104, BCL2A1, VNN1, INSL3, PSTPIP2, ANKRD22, TNFSF10, IFNGR1, CRTAP, HLA-DRA;   FAD104, IL18R1, TIFA, TNFRSF6, Gene_MMP9, ARG2, OSM, TNFSF13B, FCGR1A, CD86, CEACAM1, LY96, NCR1, TNFSF10, PFKFB3, PRV1, GADD45A, SOCS3, HLA-DRA, IRAK2;   TDRD9, MKNK1, PFKFB3, IRAK2, INSL3, ITGAM, MAPK14, JAK2, HLA-DRA, CSF1R, CRTAP, NCR1, SOD2, TIFA, IRAK4, CD86, OSM, BCL2A1, LY96, ANKRD22;   ANKRD22, CRTAP, NCR1, OSM, INSL3, CD86, CCL5, JAK2, CSF1R, GADD45B, ANXA3, SOCS3, PSTPIP2, FCGR1A, HLA-DRA, IRAK2, IL1RN, IL18R1, PFKFB3, Gene_MMP9;   IL1RN, LY96, ARG2, PRV1, GADD45A, TNFSF10, FCGR1A, IL10alpha, LDLR, PFKFB3, CRTAP, SOD2, CEACAM1, IL18R1, CCL5, PSTPIP2, TLR4, VNN1, HLA-DRA, JAK2, ANKRD22;   SOCS3, ITGAM, Gene_MMP9, MKNK1, ARG2, CRTAP, BCL2A1, PRV1, NCR1, HLA-DRA, MAP2K6, FCGR1A, CD86, FAD104, CCL5, TGFB1, TDRD9, OSM, GADD45B, IRAK4, LY96;   INSL3, BCL2A1, PSTPIP2, OSM, MAP2K6, CCL5, MKNK1, FAD104, ITGAM, MAPK14, IL1RN, VNN1, IRAK2, FCGR1A, CD86, PFKFB3, TDRD9, HLA-DRA, ARG2, TLR4, CEACAM1;   TIFA, MKNK1, TNFSF13B, CSF1R, HLA-DRA, IL18R1, MAPK14, INSL3, PFKFB3, ANKRD22, LDLR, ARG2, CCL5, LY96, PSTPIP2, GADD45A, CEACAM1, JAK2, TGFB1, VNN1, IL1RN;   GADD45A, CCL5, LDLR, ARG2, IRAK2, SOCS3, SOD2, PRV1, MAP2K6, INSL3, TNFSF10, IL18R1, IL1RN, MAPK14, FAD104, IFNGR1, HLA-DRA, PSTPIP2, ITGAM, CSF1R, IL10alpha;   CD86, TGFB1, ITGAM, IL10alpha, JAK2, TIFA, FAD104, CRTAP, IL1RN, BCL2A1, CCL5, GADD45B, HLA-DRA, SOD2, OSM, NCR1, VNN1, IL18R1, ANXA3, Gene_MMP9, PSTPIP2;   MAPK14, SOD2, PRV1, GADD45B, MKNK1, IL18R1, INSL3, NCR1, LY96, IRAK2, CSF1R, TNFRSF6, HLA-DRA, VNN1, IRAK4, FAD104, CEACAM1, IFNGR1, FCGR1A, TIFA, CD86;   HLA-DRA, PRV1, GADD45A, IL1RN, IL18R1, TNFRSF6, LDLR, IRAK4, BCL2A1, TIFA, PSTPIP2, SOCS3, IL10alpha, FAD104, MKNK1, TNFSF13B, JAK2, TDRD9, TNFSF10, FCGR1A, CD86;   INSL3, GADD45A, TGFB1, JAK2, IRAK2, OSM, TIFA, TNFSF13B, HLA-DRA, FCGR1A, BCL2A1, PRV1, CEACAM1, SOCS3, MAPK14, IRAK4, ANXA3, TNFRSF6, FAD104, IFNGR1, Gene_MMP9;   BCL2A1, ANKRD22, IL10alpha, HLA-DRA, VNN1, GADD45B, TNFRSF6, CSF1R, IRAK4, ITGAM, IL1RN, IRAK2, LY96, MAPK14, JAK2, Gene_MMP9, TLR4, ARG2, CCL5, SOCS3, MAP2K6;   TDRD9, VNN1, GADD45A, ANKRD22, PFKFB3, TNFSF13B, SOCS3, IL18R1, IL1RN, ARG2, CSF1R, HLA-DRA, PRV1, CEACAM1, CD86, IFNGR1, CCL5, MAP2K6, TGFB1, IL10alpha, Gene_MMP9;   ANXA3, TNFRSF6, TDRD9, IRAK2, MAP2K6, INSL3, FCGR1A, GADD45A, NCR1, ARG2, VNN1, PRV1, MAPK14, IRAK4, SOCS3, ITGAM, HLA-DRA, CD86, CEACAM1, LY96, GADD45B;   IL18R1, GADD45A, BCL2A1, HLA-DRA, PSTPIP2, ANKRD22, CRTAP, FAD104, CD86, TNFRSF6, Gene_MMP9, IRAK2, SOD2, IL10alpha, IFNGR1, FCGR1A, TIFA, OSM, CCL5, GADD45B, TGFB1, TLR4;   TNFSF13B, LDLR, GADD45B, MAPK14, PFKFB3, CRTAP, MAP2K6, NCR1, CCL5, ARG2, SOD2, BCL2A1, MKNK1, TIFA, ANKRD22, Gene_MMP9, TGFB1, IL1RN, HLA-DRA, IL18R1, VNN1, CSF1R;   TDRD9, CRTAP, ANKRD22, TNFSF13B, ANXA3, CCL5, FCGR1A, TNFSF10, TNFRSF6, PRV1, IRAK2, CEACAM1, SOCS3, CSF1R, FAD104, PSTPIP2, VNN1, ARG2, IL1RN, HLA-DRA, BCL2A1, INSL3;   GADD45B, HLA-DRA, NCR1, TGFB1, OSM, MKNK1, TLR4, ARG2, CCL5, LDLR, IFNGR1, SOCS3, INSL3, TIFA, TNFSF10, CD86, IL10alpha, GADD45A, CSF1R, TDRD9, BCL2A1, ANXA3;   INSL3, PSTPIP2, MKNK1, FCGR1A, PFKFB3, OSM, TGFB1, MAPK14, IRAK2, GADD45A, ANKRD22, CCL5, HLA-DRA, IL10alpha, SOCS3, CD86, IFNGR1, ARG2, Gene_MMP9, GADD45B, VNN1, IL1RN;   ARG2, GADD45B, TNFSF10, IRAK2, MAPK14, IL1RN, MKNK1, CRTAP, TNFSF13B, PRV1, SOD2, VNN1, IL18R1, HLA-DRA, MAP2K6, INSL3, CEACAM1, IL10alpha, LY96, SOCS3, FCGR1A, ANKRD22;   IFNGR1, LDLR, ITGAM, VNN1, IL18R1, TGFB1, SOCS3, ANKRD22, HLA-DRA, TIFA, OSM, TLR4, IRAK4, INSL3, SOD2, TNFSF13B, LY96, IRAK2, BCL2A1, MAPK14, CCL5, MKNK1;   Gene_MMP9, BCL2A1, TDRD9, OSM, MAPK14, IRAK2, CRTAP, MAP2K6, TGFB1, IL18R1, TNFSF10, ANXA3, IFNGR1, GADD45A, TIFA, PSTPIP2, SOCS3, ITGAM, ARG2, HLA-DRA, FAD 104, IRAK4;   IRAK2, IL1RN, ITGAM, LY96, IFNGR1, TGFB1, TIFA, PFKFB3, Gene_MMP9, FAD104, TNFSF13B, VNN1, LDLR, INSL3, HLA-DRA, NCR1, TDRD9, TNFRSF6, ANXA3, CSF1R, SOCS3, IL18R1;   TNFRSF6, INSL3, LDLR, CD86, TGFB1, NCR1, Gene_MMP9, CRTAP, HLA-DRA, BCL2A1, MKNK1, IL18R1, TLR4, CEACAM1, PRV1, CCL5, OSM, TDRD9, PFKFB3, IFNGR1, IRAK2, PSTPIP2;   PFKFB3, ITGAM, ANKRD22, MAPK14, TGFB1, PSTPIP2, BCL2A1, IFNGR1, MKNK1, NCR1, ARG2, HLA-DRA, INSL3, CRTAP, FCGR1A, LDLR, CCL5, JAK2, IRAK4, TLR4, LY96, IL10alpha;   TIFA, IFNGR1, HLA-DRA, Gene_MMP9, PRV1, FAD104, IL10alpha, GADD45B, IRAK4, IL1RN, TDRD9, IL18R1, BCL2A1, CD86, GADD45A, CCL5, ANXA3, OSM, SOCS3, PFKFB3, LDLR, CSF1R;   GADD45A, CSF1R, IL18R1, TGFB1, TNFSF13B, ANXA3, OSM, SOCS3, LY96, TDRD9, ITGAM, FCGR1A, IFNGR1, FAD104, HLA-DRA, PSTPIP2, MKNK1, CRTAP, GADD45B, Gene_MMP9, LDLR, TLR4, VNN1;   MAP2K6, TGFB1, HLA-DRA, IL10alpha, VNN1, GADD45B, CEACAM1, PRV1, OSM, IRAK4, IRAK2, ITGAM, CSF1R, TDRD9, NCR1, TNFSF13B, CRTAP, BCL2A1, TIFA, IFNGR1, GADD45A, IL18R1, SOD2;   HLA-DRA, PFKFB3, IRAK4, MKNK1, TGFB1, CRTAP, ANXA3, CEACAM1, CCL5, JAK2, TNFSF10, IL1RN, CSF1R, IFNGR1, ARG2, LY96, Gene_MMP9, PRV1, CD86, IRAK2, ITGAM, IL10alpha, OSM;   FAD104, LY96, NCR1, TLR4, TNFSF13B, MAPK14, MAP2K6, HLA-DRA, FCGR1A, CD86, ANKRD22, LDLR, IL1RN, IFNGR1, TDRD9, TGFB1, GADD45A, PRV1, PFKFB3, ITGAM, JAK2, PSTPIP2, CRTAP;   CRTAP, OSM, TNFRSF6, IRAK2, VNN1, IRAK4, ANXA3, SOD2, ANKRD22, ITGAM, TLR4, MKNK1, IL18R1, CEACAM1, TGFB1, PRV1, Gene_MMP9, TNFSF13B, BCL2A1, HLA-DRA, INSL3, NCR1, CSF1R;   ARG2, MAPK14, IRAK4, LDLR, IL10alpha, Gene_MMP9, NCR1, OSM, CEACAM1, SOD2, CSF1R, CCL5, GADD45A, ITGAM, BCL2A1, HLA-DRA, PFKFB3, TNFSF13B, TNFSF10, IRAK2, VNN1, JAK2, PRV1;   VNN1, SOCS3, ANKRD22, FAD104, IL18R1, OSM, ITGAM, CCL5, TGFB1, MAPK14, MKNK1, HLA-DRA, LDLR, PSTPIP2, ARG2, CSF1R, IL10alpha, MAP2K6, LY96, FCGR1A, TNFSF10, JAK2, TLR4;   CEACAM1, MAP2K6, IL18R1, TIFA, HLA-DRA, FAD104, TGFB1, LDLR, ANKRD22, IL1RN, SOCS3, TNFSF13B, NCR1, CD86, BCL2A1, IL10alpha, TLR4, CRTAP, MKNK1, ITGAM, JAK2, OSM, ARG2;   CCL5, IL1RN, TIFA, PRV1, TNFSF13B, INSL3, IRAK2, MKNK1, MAPK14, FCGR1A, SOCS3, JAK2, FAD104, IFNGR1, CRTAP, IL18R1, GADD45B, SOD2, TNFSF10, HLA-DRA, TNFRSF6, ANKRD22, LDLR;   TNFRSF6, TNFSF10, CD86, IL10alpha, ARG2, TLR4, JAK2, MAP2K6, GADD45B, LDLR, TIFA, IRAK2, BCL2A1, SOD2, LY96, PFKFB3, HLA-DRA, CSF1R, FAD104, CRTAP, FCGR1A, ANXA3, SOCS3;   NCR1, IL1RN, PRV1, IL18R1, HLA-DRA, BCL2A1, GADD45A, FAD104, TLR4, OSM, FCGR1A, TNFSF10, CRTAP, INSL3, GADD45B, LY96, IRAK2, CD86, VNN1, CCL5, JAK2, IL10alpha, MKNK1, IRAK4;   GADD45A, MKNK1, ANXA3, TLR4, MAP2K6, TIFA, FCGR1A, IRAK2, TDRD9, VNN1, CSF1R, GADD45B, LDLR, IL1RN, ANKRD22, JAK2, HLA-DRA, IL10alpha, PSTPIP2, Gene_MMP9, CRTAP, IL18R1, MAPK14, ARG2;   ARG2, JAK2, CSF1R, NCR1, LY96, HLA-DRA, ANXA3, PSTPIP2, IRAK4, BCL2A1, IL1RN, IFNGR1, FCGR1A, VNN1, TNFSF10, MAPK14, TGFB1, GADD45B, INSL3, IRAK2, OSM, CD86, CRTAP, TNFSF13B;   HLA-DRA, INSL3, PRV1, MAP2K6, TIFA, NCR1, CSF1R, TDRD9, IL18R1, MKNK1, TNFRSF6, TNFSF10, LDLR, IRAK4, FAD104, ITGAM, PSTPIP2, MAPK14, TNFSF13B, GADD45B, CEACAM1, IL1RN, ANXA3, PFKFB3;   VNN1, LDLR, FAD104, HLA-DRA, ARG2, IFNGR1, IRAK4, TNFRSF6, TIFA, MAP2K6, NCR1, OSM, PRV1, CSF1R, INSL3, TNFSF13B, JAK2, MAPK14, BCL2A1, IRAK2, TLR4, PSTPIP2, TDRD9, ANXA3;   CD86, TNFSF13B, PSTPIP2, IL10alpha, HLA-DRA, MAP2K6, FCGR1A, Gene_MMP9, JAK2, SOCS3, CSF1R, TDRD9, ARG2, NCR1, OSM, FAD104, BCL2A1, TNFRSF6, INSL3, VNN1, ITGAM, PRV1, TLR4, CEACAM1;   TNFSF10, ITGAM, MAP2K6, TIFA, CSF1R, TDRD9, FAD104, TLR4, GADD45B, HLA-DRA, IRAK2, IRAK4, OSM, FCGR1A, CCL5, SOD2, VNN1, MKNK1, ARG2, Gene_MMP9, TGFB1, TNFSF13B, MAPK14, PFKFB3;   TNFSF10, CEACAM1, IFNGR1, TIFA, MKNK1, ANXA3, IL1RN, IL10alpha, IL18R1, HLA-DRA, SOCS3, Gene_MMP9, MAPK14, TGFB1, JAK2, IRAK2, TLR4, CSF1R, BCL2A1, PSTPIP2, MAP2K6, CD86, ITGAM, SOD2;   SOD2, PFKFB3, MAP2K6, HLA-DRA, ANKRD22, IL18R1, Gene_MMP9, LDLR, ARG2, GADD45A, JAK2, MKNK1, PRV1, FCGR1A, ITGAM, OSM, NCR1, VNN1, LY96, IFNGR1, TIFA, PSTPIP2, IL1RN, TLR4;   GADD45A, SOCS3, SOD2, TGFB1, HLA-DRA, VNN1, CD86, CCL5, BCL2A1, CRTAP, MAP2K6, PRV1, IL18R1, CSF1R, OSM, IRAK2, PSTPIP2, TLR4, FCGR1A, ANKRD22, CEACAM1, JAK2, INSL3, TDRD9, TNFSF10;   SOCS3, VNN1, FCGR1A, SOD2, OSM, TNFSF10, LY96, Gene_MMP9, GADD45B, CRTAP, PRV1, HLA-DRA, GADD45A, TLR4, ARG2, IRAK2, FAD104, INSL3, PSTPIP2, TIFA, TGFB1, IL18R1, MAP2K6, LDLR, ANXA3;   PSTPIP2, CEACAM1, FAD104, TIFA, ANKRD22, OSM, TNFSF13B, IRAK4, INSL3, GADD45A, IL10alpha, CSF1R, HLA-DRA, SOCS3, GADD45B, CCL5, Gene_MMP9, LY96, TLR4, IFNGR1, TGFB1, BCL2A1, MAP2K6, CD86, PFKFB3;   IFNGR1, VNN1, ANKRD22, FCGR1A, JAK2, MAP2K6, SOD2, TNFSF13B, IRAK4, CEACAM1, LY96, MAPK14, INSL3, NCR1, Gene_MMP9, CCL5, HLA-DRA, LDLR, TNFRSF6, PFKFB3, ANXA3, SOCS3, ARG2, ITGAM, CSF1R;   LDLR, GADD45A, IFNGR1, ARG2, MAPK14, HLA-DRA, CRTAP, OSM, TDRD9, CSF1R, FCGR1A, Gene_MMP9, NCR1, PRV1, IRAK4, TGFB1, TLR4, LY96, IL1RN, FAD104, SOD2, CCL5, TNFRSF6, MAP2K6, TNFSF13B; and   PSTPIP2, NCR1, MKNK1, SOCS3, IL1RN, IFNGR1, IL18R1, CSF1R, ITGAM, LDLR, TIFA, CRTAP, OSM, TLR4, CEACAM1, Gene_MMP9, INSL3, MAP2K6, CCL5, FAD104, HLA-DRA, PRV1, VNN1, PFKFB3, JAK2.   
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said biomarker mRNAs comprise a combination of biomarker mRNAs selected from the combinations consisting of:
 MKNK1, CD86, OSM, TIFA, HLA-DRA, SOCS3;   FAD104, ARG2, FCGR1A, SOCS3, HLA-DRA, ANXA3;   CD86, IRAK2, ARG2, PFKFB3, MAPK14, PRV1, VNN1, HLA-DRA, FAD104;   IL10alpha, HLA-DRA, TGFB1, FCGR1A, CSF1R, IRAK2, GADD45A, PFKFB3, SOCS3;   ARG2, IRAK4, GADD45A, VNN1, IL18R1, JAK2, ANXA3, CSF1R, HLA-DRA, PFKFB3;   TNFRSF6, OSM, PRV1, INSL3, TLR4, MKNK1, IRAK4, HLA-DRA, VNN1, IL10alpha, FCGR1A; and   NCR1, CEACAM1, IRAK4, ARG2, TNFSF13B, PFKFB3, OSM, TNFRSF6, SOCS3, HLA-DRA, TNFSF10, JAK2, SOD2.   
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said biomarker mRNAs comprise a combination of biomarker mRNAs selected from the combinations consisting of:
 OSM, Gene_MMP9, TLR4, TDRD9, CCL5, CRTAP, HLA-DRA;   IFNGR1, CEACAM1, JAK2, SOD2, HLA-DRA, MAPK14, PRV1, VNN1; and   CCL5, IL10alpha, GADD45B, LDLR, PSTPIP2, CD86, HLA-DRA, TLR4.   
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said first blood sample is a whole blood sample or a plasma sample. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the abundances of said biomarker mRNAs are expressed in relative fluorescence intensity units. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the measuring step comprises performing reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction to make cDNA complimentary to said biomarker RNAs. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the measuring step comprises contacting said biomarker mRNAs, or cDNAs thereof, to a nucleic acid array. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the comparing step comprises applying a decision rule to predict the increased or decreased likelihood of sepsis in the SIRS patient. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the comparing step is performed on a computer.