Renewable bio-based (meth) acrylated monomers as vinyl ester cross-linkers

Abstract

Anhydrosugar-based monomers prepared from isosorbide, isomannide, and isoidide and resin systems containing these anhydrosugar-based monomers that are partially to fully bio-based, which may produce materials having properties that meet or exceed the properties of similar petroleum derived vinyl ester resins.

1 . A polymerizable monomer selected from the group consisting of: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         2 . A polymerizable monomer as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the monomer is: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         3 . A polymerizable monomer as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the monomer is: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         4 . A polymerizable monomer as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the monomer is: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         5 . A polymerizable monomer as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the monomer is: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         6 . A polymerizable monomer as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the monomer is: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         7 . A polymerizable monomer as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the monomer is: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         8 . A polymerizable monomer as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the monomer is: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         9 . A polymerizable monomer as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the monomer is: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         10 . A polymerizable monomer as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the monomer is: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         11 . A polymerizable monomer as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the monomer is: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         12 . A polymerizable monomer as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the monomer is: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         13 . A polymerizable monomer as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the monomer is: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         14 . A method of making a polymer comprising the step of curing a composition comprising at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of the monomers of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the curing is carried out by free-radical curing. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the composition further comprises from 1 to 99% by weight of at least one reactive diluent. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein the reactive diluent is selected from the group consisting of: styrene, 2-hydroxymethacrylate, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, furfuryl methacrylate, methacyrlated lauric acid methacrylated fatty acids. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the composition further comprises from 1 to 99% by weight of at least one cross-linking agent. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 18 , wherein the crosslinker is selected from the group consisting of: unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester and the structures in  claim 1 . 
     
     
         20 . The method of claim  27 , wherein said composition comprises 50-95% by weight of said at least one monomer and 5-50% by weight of said reactive diluent. 
     
     
         21 . A polymer obtained by the process of  claim 14 . 
     
     
         22 . A method of making a polymer comprising the step of curing a composition comprising at least one anhydrosugar-based monomer selected from the group consisting of the monomers of  claim 1  and at least one vinyl ester resin monomer or unsaturated polyester monomer. 
     
     
         23 - 30 . (canceled)