Methods for producing basestocks from renewable sources using dewaxing catalyst

Abstract

Provided are methods for producing a lube base stock and/or a fuel from a feedstock of biological origin, the method including: contacting the feedstock in the presence of a catalyst to produce a lube base stock and/or a fuel, wherein the catalyst comprises: a zeolite component selected from a zeolite having 10-member ring pores, a zeolite having 12-member ring pores and a combination thereof, 0.1 to 5 weight % of a hydrogenation component selected from Pt, Pd, Ag, Ni, Co, Mo, W, Rh, Re, Ru, Ir and a mixture thereof, and a hydrothermally stable binder component.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A method for producing a lube base stock and/or a fuel from a feedstock of biological origin, the method comprising:
 contacting the feedstock in the presence of a catalyst to produce a lube base stock and/or a fuel,   wherein the catalyst comprises:
 a zeolite component selected from a zeolite having 10-member ring pores, a zeolite having 12-member ring pores and a combination thereof, 
 0.1 to 5 weight % of a hydrogenation component selected from Pt, Pd, Ag, Ni, Mo, Co, W, Rh, Re, Ru, Ir and a mixture thereof, and 
 a hydrothermally stable binder component selected from silica, alumina, silica-alumina, titania, zirconia, tantalum oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, niobium oxide, tungstated zirconia, cobalt molybdenum oxide, cobalt molybdenum sulfide, nickel molybdenum oxide, nickel molybdenum sulfide, nickel tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten sulfide, cobalt tungsten oxide, cobalt tungsten sulfide, nickel molybdenum tungsten oxide and nickel molybdenum tungsten sulfide, cobalt molybdenum tungsten oxide and cobalt molybdenum tungsten sulfide, 
 wherein the weight ratio of the zeolite component to the hydrothermally stable binder component is 85:15 to 25:75. 
   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the method produces jet fuel, diesel fuel, or gasoline. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the method produces lube base stock. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the feedstock of biological origin comprises one or more components selected from the group consisting of fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, fatty olefins, mono-glycerides, di-glycerides, tri-glycerides, phospholipids and saccharolipids. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising providing hydrogen. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising adding water to the feedstock of biological origin. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the zeolite component to the hydrothermally stable binder component is 80:20 to 65:35. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenation component is selected from Pt, Pd, Ni, Mo, W and a binary mixture thereof. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the zeolite component is selected from ZSM-48, ZSM-23, ZSM-50, ZSM-5, ZSM-22, ZSM-11, ferrierite, faujasite, beta, ZSM-12, MOR and a combination thereof. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the zeolite component is a combination of beta and ZSM-48. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the zeolite component is ZSM-48 or ZSM-23, wherein the ratio of SiO 2 :Al 2 O 3  is 100 or less. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the hydrothermally stable binder component is selected from tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, and a mixture thereof 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the hydrothermally stable binder component is selected from magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, yttrium oxide, cerium oxide, niobium oxide, lanthanum oxide, zirconium oxide, and a mixture thereof. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the hydrothermally stable binder component is selected from cobalt molybdenum oxide, cobalt molybdenum sulfide, nickel molybdenum oxide, nickel molybdenum sulfide, nickel tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten sulfide, nickel molybdenum tungsten oxide and nickel molybdenum tungsten sulfide. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the hydrothermally stable binder component is lanthanum, cerium, niobium, nickel tungsten oxides, nickel tungsten sulfides, nickel molybdenum tungsten oxides, and nickel molybdenum tungsten sulfide. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenation component is Ni or Pt; the zeolite component is ZSM-48 or ZSM-23; and the hydrothermally stable binder component is nickel molybdenum tungsten oxides, nickel molybdenum tungsten sulfide, WO 3 , La 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , or Nb 2 O 5 . 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a mixture selected from:
 (a) Ni, ZSM-48 and WO 3 ; (b) Ni, ZSM-23 and WO 3  (c) Pt, ZSM-48 and La 2 O 3 ;   (b) Pt, ZSM-48 and CeO 2 ; (e) Pt, ZSM-48 and Nb 2 O 5 ; (f) Pt, ZSM-23 and La 2 O 3 ;   (c) Pt, ZSM-23 and CeO 2 ; (h) Pt, ZSM-23 and Nb 2 O 5 ;   (d) Pt, ZSM-48 and WO 3 ; and (j) Pt, ZSM-23 and WO 3 .   
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is selected from:
 (i) a catalyst comprising 0.6 weight % Ni, ZSM-48 and WO 3 , wherein the ratio of SiO 2 :Al 2 O 3  is 80:1 or less, and wherein the weight ratio of ZSM-48 to WO 3  is 8:2;   (ii) a catalyst comprising 3 weight % Ni and 20% W, ZSM-48 and alumina, wherein the ratio of SiO 2 :Al 2 O 3  is 80:1 or less, and wherein the weight ratio of ZSM-48 to alumina is 65:35;   (iii) a catalyst comprising 0.6 weight % Pt, ZSM-48 and Nb 2 O 5 , wherein the ratio of SiO 2 :Al 2 O 3  is 80:1 or less, and wherein the weight ratio of ZSM-48 to Nb 2 O 5  is 8:2;   (iv) a catalyst comprising 0.6 weight % Pt, ZSM-48 and La 2 O 3 , wherein the ratio of SiO 2 :Al 2 O 3  is 80:1 or less, and wherein the weight ratio of ZSM-48 to La 2 O 3  is 8:2;   (v) a catalyst comprising 0.6 weight % Pt, ZSM-48 and CeO 2 , wherein the ratio of SiO 2 :Al 2 O 3  is 80:1 or less, and wherein the weight ratio of ZSM-48 to CeO 2  is 8:2;   (vi) a catalyst comprising 0.6 weight % Pt, CBV-901 and alumina, wherein the weight ratio of ZSM-48 to alumina is 8:2;   (vii) a catalyst comprising 0.6 weight % Pt, ZSM-48 and TiO 2 , wherein the ratio of SiO 2 :Al 2 O 3  is 90:1 or less, and wherein the weight ratio of ZSM-48 to TiO 2  is 65:35;   (viii) a catalyst comprising 0.6 weight % Pt, ZSM-23 and alumina, wherein the weight ratio of ZSM-23 to alumina is 65:35; and   (ix) a catalyst comprising 0.6 weight % Pt, ZSM-48 and alumina, wherein the ratio of SiO 2 :Al 2 O 3  is 90 or less, and wherein the weight ratio of ZSM-48 to alumina is 65:35.   
     
     
         19 . A method for producing a lube basestock and/or a fuel from a feedstock of biological origin, the method comprising:
 contacting the feedstock in the presence of a catalyst to produce a lube base stock and/or a fuel,   wherein the catalyst comprises:
 a zeolite component selected from ZSM-48, ZSM-23, ZSM-50, ZSM-5, ZSM-22, ZSM-11, ferrierite, faujasite, beta, ZSM-12, MOR, and a mixture thereof, and 
 a hydrogenation component comprising at least three metals selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Ag, Ni, Mo, Co, W, Rh, Re, and Ru, wherein at least one of the at least three metals is in either an oxide or sulfide form. 
   
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein the feedstock of biological origin comprises one or more components selected from the group consisting of fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, fatty olefins, mono-glycerides, di-glycerides, tri-glycerides, phospholipids and saccharolipids. 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein the zeolite is ZSM-48 or ZSM-23; and the hydrogenation component comprises (a) Ni, MoOx and WOx or (b) Co, MoOx and WOx, wherein x is in the range of 0.5 to 3. 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein the catalyst comprises ZSM-48 and a hydrogenation component comprising Ni, MoOx and WOx, wherein x is in the range of 0.5 to 3,
 wherein the ratio of SiO 2 :Al 2 O 3  is 90:1 or less, and   wherein the weight ratio of ZSM-48 to the hydrogenation component is 8:2.   
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein the catalyst further comprises a binder selected from silica, alumina, silica-alumina, titania, zirconia, tantalum oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, niobium oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, tungstated zirconia, cobalt molybdenum oxide, cobalt molybdenum sulfide, nickel molybdenum oxide, nickel molybdenum sulfide, nickel tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten sulfide, nickel molybdenum tungsten oxide, nickel molybdenum tungsten sulfide, and a mixture thereof. 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 23 , wherein the binder is selected from silica, alumina, silica-alumina, titania, zirconia, yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, niobium oxide, and a mixture thereof.