US2014295358A1PendingUtilityA1

Method and apparatus for burning hydrocarbons and other liquids and gases

31
Assignee: OILON OYPriority: Mar 27, 2013Filed: Mar 27, 2014Published: Oct 2, 2014
Est. expiryMar 27, 2033(~6.7 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Reijo LylykangasEero PekkolaTero Tulokas
F23N 2225/30F23C 6/04F23C 1/08F23J 15/02F23C 13/06F23N 5/003F23N 3/002F23C 13/04Y10T29/49826F23N 2900/05003
31
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Claims

Abstract

A method and apparatus for burning hydrocarbons or other combustible liquids and gases, the apparatus (APP) has been provided with at least one inlet for a liquid and/or gaseous fuel (FUE) and air (AIR) and at least one outlet (EXHG) for gases for removing the gases (EXHG) generated in the apparatus (APP), at least one measurement and adjustment unit (C) for adjusting the amount of fuel (FUE) and air (AIR), at least one pre-combustion zone (Cz 11 , Cz 12 , Tz 1 ) for the partial combustion of gases, and at least one post-combustion zone (Tz 2 , Cz 21 , Cz 22 ) for the combustion of gases generated in pre-combustion, for the reduction of NOx's produced in pre-combustion, and/or for the oxidation of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
1 . A method for burning hydrocarbons or other combustible liquids and gases in an apparatus (APP), which is provided with at least one inlet for a liquid or gaseous fuel (FUE) and for air (AIR) and at least one outlet for gases for removing gases (EXHG) generated in said apparatus (APP), as well as with at least one measurement and adjustment unit (C) for adjusting said amount of fuel (FUE) and air (AIR), wherein said method comprises at least the following operations:
 the partial pre-combustion of fuel (FUE) in at least one pre-combustion zone (Cz 11 , Cz 12 , Tz 1 ), such that the supplied fuel is burned only partially,   the post-combustion of pre-combustion-generated gases (GAS 1 ) in at least one post-combustion zone (Cz 21 , Cz 22 , Tz 2 ) for burning the pre-combustion-generated gases, for the reduction of pre-combustion-generated NOx's, and/or for the oxidation of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions.   
     
     
         2 . A method as set forth in  claim 1 , wherein the pre-combustion and/or the post-combustion are/is carried out in at least one catalytic zone (Cz 11 , Cz 12 , Cz 21 , Cz 22 ). 
     
     
         3 . A method as set forth in  claim 1 , wherein the pre-combustion and/or the post-combustion are/is carried out in at least one thermal zone (Tz 1 , Tz 2 ). 
     
     
         4 . A method as set forth in  claim 1 , wherein the pre-combustion is carried out in at least one thermal pre-combustion zone (Tz 1 ) and the post-combustion is carried out in at least one catalytic post-combustion zone (Cz 21 , Cz 22 ). 
     
     
         5 . A method as set forth in  claim 1 , wherein the pre-combustion is carried out in at least one catalytic pre-combustion zone (Cz 11 , Cz 12 ) and the post-combustion is carried out in at least one catalytic post-combustion zone (Cz 21 , Cz 22 ). 
     
     
         6 . A method as set forth in  claim 1 , wherein the supply of fuel (FUE) and the supply of air (AIR) into the apparatus (APP) is arranged to occur within the Lambda range of 0,5-1,5. 
     
     
         7 . A method as set forth in  claim 6 , wherein Lambda is >1,0 (lean mixture). 
     
     
         8 . A method as set forth in  claim 6 , wherein Lambda is <1,0 (rich mixture). 
     
     
         9 . A method as set forth in  claim 6 , characterized in Lambda is 0,99 to 1,01 (stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or near it). 
     
     
         10 . A method as set forth in  claim 1 , comprising at least one of catalyst zones (Cz 11 , Cz 12 , Cz 21 , Cz 22 ) having three-way catalytic. 
     
     
         11 . A method as set forth in  claim 1 , wherein pre-combustion is arranged in lowered temperature. 
     
     
         12 . A method as set forth in  claim 1 , wherein the supply of fuel (FUE) and the supply of air (AIR) into apparatus (APP) is arranged by monitoring NOx emissions by using a NOx sensor. 
     
     
         13 . An apparatus (APP) for burning hydrocarbons or other combustible liquids and gases, wherein said apparatus (APP) has been provided with at least one inlet for a liquid and/or gaseous fuel (FUE) and air (AIR) and at least one outlet (EXHG) for gases for removing the gases (EXHG) generated in said apparatus (APP), as well as at least one measurement and adjustment unit (C) for adjusting the amount of fuel (FUE) and air (AIR), and that said apparatus (APP) has been provided with at least one pre-combustion zone (Cz 11 , Cz 12 , Tz 1 ) for the partial combustion of gases, and that said apparatus comprises at least one post-combustion zone (Cz 21 , Cz 22 , Tz 2 ) for the combustion of gases generated in pre-combustion, for the reduction of NOx's produced in pre-combustion, and/or for the oxidation of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. 
     
     
         14 . An apparatus as set forth in  claim 13 , wherein apparatus (APP) has been provided with at least one catalytic zone (Cz 11 , Cz 12 , Cz 21 , Cz 22 ). 
     
     
         15 . An apparatus as set forth in  claim 13 , wherein apparatus (APP) has been provided with at least one thermal zone (Tz 1 , Tz 2 ). 
     
     
         16 . An apparatus as set forth in  claim 13 , wherein apparatus (APP) has been provided with at least one thermal pre-combustion zone (Tz 1 ) and at least one catalytic post-combustion zone (Cz 21 , Cz 22 ). 
     
     
         17 . An apparatus as set forth in  claim 13 , wherein apparatus (APP) has been provided with at least one catalytic pre-combustion zone (Cz 11 , Cz 12 ) and at least one catalytic post-combustion zone (Cz 21 , Cz 22 ). 
     
     
         18 . An apparatus as set forth in  claim 13 , comprising at least one of catalyst zones (Cz 11 , Cz 12 , Cz 21 , Cz 22 ) being three-way catalytic. 
     
     
         19 . An apparatus as set forth in  claim 13 , wherein said measurement and adjustment unit (C) has at least one Lambda sensor for measuring the oxidation/reduction potential of a flue gas. 
     
     
         20 . An apparatus as set forth in  claim 13 , wherein said measurement and adjustment unit (C) has at least one NOx sensor for arranging the supply of air (AIR) into said apparatus (APP) by monitoring NOx emissions by using a NOx sensor. 
     
     
         21 . An apparatus as set forth in  claim 13 , wherein said apparatus (APP) has been provided with at least one heat exchanger (HE) for the transfer of heat generated in pre-combustion and/or in post-combustion. 
     
     
         22 . An apparatus as set forth in  claim 13 , wherein said apparatus (APP) is fire-tube boiler comprising at least one thermal pre-treatment zone (Tz 1 ) in fire-tube(s) FFL and at least one catalytic combustion zone (Cz 21 , Cz 22 ) as a post-treatment installed in smoke-tube(s) FTU. 
     
     
         23 . An apparatus as set forth in  claim 21 , wherein place of post-treatment catalyst(s) (Cz 21 , Cz 22 ) is arranged according to the burning temperature in smoke- tube(s) FTU and optimized operating temperature of said catalyst(s) (Cz 21 , Cz 22 ). 
     
     
         24 . A method for manufacturing an apparatus (APP) suitable for burning hydrocarbons or other combustible liquids and gases, wherein said apparatus (APP) provided with at least one inlet for a liquid and/or gaseous fuel (FUE) and air (AIR) and at least one outlet (EXHG) for gases for removing the gases (EXHG) generated in said apparatus (APP), as well as at least one measurement and adjustment unit (C) for adjusting the amount of fuel (FUE) and air (AIR), and that said apparatus (APP) is provided with at least one pre-combustion zone (Cz 11 , Cz 12 , Tz 1 ) for the partial combustion of gases, and that said apparatus is provided with at least one post-combustion zone (Cz 21 , Cz 22 , Tz 2 ) for the combustion of gases generated in pre-combustion, for the reduction of NOx's produced in pre-combustion, and/or for the oxidation of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. 
     
     
         25 . A manufacturing method as set forth in  claim 24 , wherein said apparatus (APP) is provided with at least one catalytic zone (Cz 11 , Cz 12 , Cz 21 , Cz 22 ). 
     
     
         26 . A manufacturing method as set forth in  claim 24 , wherein said apparatus (APP) is provided with at least one thermal zone (Tz 1 , Tz 2 ). 
     
     
         27 . A manufacturing method as set forth in  claim 24 , wherein said apparatus (APP) is provided with at least one thermal pre-combustion zone (Tz 1 ) and at least one catalytic post-combustion zone (Cz 21 , Cz 22 ). 
     
     
         28 . A manufacturing method as set forth in  claim 24 , wherein said apparatus (APP) is provided with at least one catalytic pre-combustion zone (Cz 11 , Cz 12 ) and at least one catalytic post-combustion zone (Cz 21 , Cz 22 ). 
     
     
         29 . A manufacturing method as set forth in  claim 24 , wherein said apparatus (APP) is provided with at least one Lambda sensor for measuring the oxidation/reduction potential of a flue gas and/or at least one NOx sensor for measuring NOx emissions and adjusting the air-fuel ratio. 
     
     
         30 . A manufacturing method as set forth in  claim 24 , wherein said apparatus (APP) is provided with at least one heat exchanger (HE) for the transfer of heat generated in pre-combustion and/or in post-combustion. 
     
     
         31 . A manufacturing method as set forth in  claim 24 , wherein said apparatus (APP) is a fire-tube boiler provided with at least one thermal pre-treatment zone (Tz 1 ) in fire-tube(s) FFL and at least one catalytic combustion zone (Cz 21 , Cz 22 ) as a post-treatment installed in smoke-tube(s) FTU.

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