Modified Lipids Produced from Oil-Bearing Microbial Biomass and Oils

Abstract

Chemically modified lipids and methods for their preparation are provided.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A method of making a chemically modified lipid, comprising:
 (a) providing a microalgal lipid comprising no more than 500 ppm color-generating impurities, wherein the lipid is obtained from microalgae cultured under heterotrophic growth conditions in a bioreactor substantially in the absence of light; and   (b) subjecting the microalgal lipid to a chemical reaction to produce the modified lipid,   wherein the microalgae are selected from strains  Parachlorella, Prototheca, Chlorella  and strains having at least 85% nucleotide sequence identity in 23S rRNA sequences to a  Parachlorella, Prototheca , or  Chlorella  strain.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the microalgal lipid is obtained from microalgae cultured on sucrose. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein the microalgal lipid is obtained from microalgae cultured on sorghum, sugar cane, sugar beet, or molasses. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the microalgal lipid is obtained from microalgae cultured on glucose. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein at least 10% of the microalgal or modified lipid is C14 or a lipid of shorter chain length. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein at least 20% of the microalgal or modified lipid is C14 or a lipid of shorter chain length. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein at least 50% of the microalgal or modified lipid is C16 or a lipid of longer chain lengths. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein at least 20% of the microalgal or modified lipid is C18. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein at least 30% of the microalgal or modified lipid is C18. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein at least 40% of the microalgal or modified lipid is C18. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein at least 50% of the microalgal or modified lipid is C18. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein the one or more chemical reactions comprise an esterification, transesterification, interesterification, hydrogenation, hydroxylation, cyclopropanation, epoxidation, deoxygenation, isomerization, or hydrolysis. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein the one or more chemical reactions comprise an esterification, transesterification, interesterification, hydrogenation, or hydroxylation. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein the modified lipid is further blended with at least one oil selected from soy, rapeseed, canola, palm, palm kernel, coconut, corn, waste vegetable, Chinese tallow, olive, sunflower, cotton seed, chicken fat, beef tallow, porcine tallow, microalgae, macroalgae,  Cuphea , flax, peanut, choice white grease, lard,  Camelina sativa , mustard seed, cashew nut, oats, lupine, kenaf, calendula, hemp, coffee, linseed (flax), hazelnut, euphorbia, pumpkin seed, coriander, camellia, sesame, safflower, rice, tung oil tree, cocoa, copra, opium poppy, castor beans, pecan, jojoba, jatropha, macadamia, Brazil nuts, avocado, and a fossil oil or a distillate fraction thereof. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein the modified lipid is further blended with one or more additives selected from the group consisting of essential oils, fragrance oils, flavor oils, botanicals, extracts, CO 2  extracts, clays, colorants, titanium dioxide, micas, tinting herbs, glitters, exfoliants, fruit seeds, fibers, grain powders, nut meals, seed meals, oil beads, wax beads, herbs, hydrosols, vitamins, milk powders, preservatives, antioxidants, tocopherols, salts, sugars, vegetable oils, waxes, glycerin, sea vegetables, nutritive oils, moisturizing oils, vegetable butters, propylene glycol, parabens, honey, bees wax, aloe, polysorbate, cornstarch, cocoa powder, coral powder, humectants, gums, emulsifying agents, and thickeners. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein the microalgae is  Chlorella.   
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein the microalgae is  Parachlorella.   
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein the microalgae is incapable of performing photosynthesis. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 18 , wherein the microalgae is  Prototheca.   
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein the microalgae is selected from the group consisting of  Prototheca wickerhamii, Prototheca stagnora, Prototheca portoricensis, Prototheca moriformis , and  Prototheca zopfii.   
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 20 , wherein the microalgae is  Prototheca moriformis.