Fuel additive composition

Abstract

A fuel additive composition includes a polyalkenylsuccinimide, a mono or polyfunctional polyisobutene amine, and a carrier oil selected from the group of mineral oils, polyethers, polyetheramines, esters, and combinations thereof. The polyalkenylsuccinimide includes the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid producing reaction intermediate and a nucleophilic reactant. The hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid producing reaction intermediate includes the reaction product of a polyolefin comprising C 2 to C 18 olefin units and having a number average molecular weight (M n ) of about 500 to 5,000 g/mol and a C 4 to C 10 monounsaturated acid reactant. The hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid producing reaction intermediate includes from 0.5 to 10 dicarboxylic acid producing moieties per molecule of the polyolefin. The nucleophilic reactant is selected from the group of amines, alcohols, amino alcohols, and combinations thereof.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A fuel additive composition comprising:
 (A) a polyalkenylsuccinimide comprising the reaction product of;
 (1) a hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid producing reaction intermediate comprising the reaction product of;
 (a) a polyolefin comprising C 2  to C 18  olefin units and having a number average molecular weight (M n ) of about 500 to 5,000 g/mol, and 
 (b) a C 4  to C 10  monounsaturated acid reactant, 
 wherein said hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid producing reaction intermediate includes from 0.5 to 10 dicarboxylic acid producing moieties per molecule of said polyolefin; and 
 
 (2) a nucleophilic reactant selected from the group of amines, alcohols, amino alcohols, and combinations thereof; 
   (B) a mono or polyfunctional polyisobutene amine; and   (C) a carrier oil selected from the group of mineral oils, polyethers, polyetheramines, esters, and combinations thereof.   
     
     
         2 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 1  further comprising (D) a demulsifier package. 
     
     
         3 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 2  wherein said demulsifier package (D) comprises a demulsifier selected from a salt of a fatty acid, an alkyl amino carboxylic acid, an organo sulfur compound, a polyetherol, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         4 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 3  wherein said polyetherol is selected from alkoxylated alkyl phenol resins, alkoxylated alkyl phenol formaldehyde resins, alkoxylated epoxy resins, alkoxylated polyethyleneimines, amine alkoxylates, ethoxlyated polyetherols, propoxylated polyetherols, ethoxylated-propoxylated polyetherols, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         5 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 4  wherein said polyetherol is a block copolymer. 
     
     
         6 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 4  wherein said polyetherol is a random copolymer. 
     
     
         7 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 2  wherein said demulsifier package (D) is substantially free of sulfur. 
     
     
         8 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 2  wherein said organo sulfur compound comprises a sulfonic acid. 
     
     
         9 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 1  wherein said polyolefin (a) is a first reactive polyisobutene having a content of terminal double bonds of greater than 50 mol %. 
     
     
         10 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 1  wherein said C4 to C10 monounsaturated acid reactant (b) is selected from the group of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, functional derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         11 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 1  wherein said hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid producing reaction intermediate (1) is a polyalkenylsuccinic anhydride. 
     
     
         12 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 1  wherein said hydrocarbyl dicarboxylic acid producing reaction intermediate (1) is a polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydride. 
     
     
         13 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 1  wherein said nucleophilic reactant (2) comprises tetraethylenepentamine. 
     
     
         14 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 1  wherein said nucleophilic reactant (2) is a C 2  to C 40  polyalkylene polyamine which includes from 2 to 9 nitrogen atoms per molecule and wherein 0.1 to 3.0 mol of dicarboxylic acid moieties are reacted per equivalent of nucleophilic reactant to form said polyalkenylsuccinimide (A). 
     
     
         15 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 1  wherein said polyalkenylsuccinimide (A) is the reaction product of said reaction intermediate (1) which is further defined as a polyisobutylene of having a number average molecular weight (M n ) of about 500 to 5,000 molecular weight substituted with succinic anhydride moieties, and said nucleophilic reactant (2) which is further defined as a C 2  to C 40  polyalkylene polyamine which includes from 3 to 9 nitrogen atoms per molecule. 
     
     
         16 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 1  wherein said polyalkenylsuccinimide (A) comprises the reaction product of:
 (1) a polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydride; and 
 (2) a first amine; 
 wherein said polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydride is first reacted with an alcohol, then reacted with said first amine to form said polyisobutenylsuccinimide, and wherein said alcohol, which is either unreacted or cleaved, is optionally removed. 
 
     
     
         17 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 16  wherein said alcohol is selected from the group consisting of monohydric alcohols of the formula R 1 OH, where R 1  is straight-chain or branched, cyclic or branched cyclic alkyl of 1 to 16 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         18 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 16  wherein said first amine has the following formula:
   H 2 N(CH 2 ) x —NH—[(CH 2 ) y —NH] z —(CH 2 ) x —NH 2  
 
 where x and y are each independently an integer from 1 to 5 and z is an integer from 0 to 8, or mixtures thereof. 
 
     
     
         19 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 1  wherein said polyalkenylsuccinimide (A) has the following general structure:
 (A) a polyisobutenylsuccinimide having the following structure; 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein m is an integer of from 2-80. 
       
     
     
         20 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 1  wherein said mono or polyfunctional polyisobutene amine (B) comprises a reaction product formed via hydroformylation of a second reactive polyisobutene having a content of terminal double bonds of greater than 50 mol % to form an oxo intermediate and subsequent reductive amination of said oxo intermediate. 
     
     
         21 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 1  wherein said mono or polyfunctional polyisobutene amine (B) comprises the reaction product of a second reactive polyisobutene having a content of terminal double bonds of greater than 50 mol % and a second amine having the following formula;
   HNR 2 R 3    
 wherein R 2  and R 3  are each independently H, a C 1 -C 18 -alkyl, C 2 -C 18 -alkenyl, C 4 -C 18 -cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 18 -alkylaryl, hydroxy-C 1 -C 18 -alkyl, poly(oxyalkyl), polyalkylene polyamine or a polyalkylene amine radical; or, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocyclic ring. 
 
     
     
         22 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 20  wherein said second reactive polyisobutene has a dispersity of less than 6. 
     
     
         23 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 20  wherein said second reactive polyisobutene has a number average molecular weight (M n ) of from 500 to 5,000 g/mol. 
     
     
         24 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 1  wherein said carrier oil (C) comprises a propoxylate carrier oil having the following formula:
   R 4 -[O—CH 2 —CH(CH 3 )] n —OH
 
 wherein n is an integer of from 8 to 35, and R 4  is straight-chain or branched C 8 -C 18 -alkyl or C 8 -C 18 -alkenyl. 
 
     
     
         25 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 1  wherein said carrier oil (C) comprises propoxylated isotridecanol. 
     
     
         26 . A fuel additive composition as set forth in  claim 2  comprising 1 to 75 parts by weight of said polyalkenylsuccinimide (A), 5 to 70 parts by weight of said polyisobutene amine (B), 2 to 94 parts by weight of said carrier oil (C), and less than 5 parts by weight of said demulsifier package (D), based on 100 parts by weight of said fuel additive composition. 
     
     
         27 . An additivated fuel comprising 10 to 10,000 mg of said fuel additive composition set forth in  claim 1  per 1 kg of fuel. 
     
     
         28 . An additivated fuel as set forth in  claim 27  in which less than 1.5 mg of sulfur per kg of additivated fuel is contributed by the fuel additive composition to the additivated fuel. 
     
     
         29 . A method of reducing fuel consumption of an internal combustion engine comprising the step of adding the fuel additive composition of  claim 1  to fuel.