CoQ10 (Ubiquinone, Ubiquinol), Vitamin A (Retinoid Acid, Retinol), Vitamin E (Tocotrienol, Tocopherol) and Methods of Use

Abstract

CoQ10 and vitamin E are both lipid-soluble nutrients with redox potential. Tocopherol and/or tocotrienol protect CoQ10 from oxidative damage and reduce ubiquinone in situ. Specifically, vitamin E protects the oxidation of ubiquinol to ubiquinone ex vivo and reduces ubiquinone to ubiquinol in situ. Vitamin Es with higher ratio of tocotrienol-to-tocopherol cause a higher ratio of ubiquinol-to-ubiquinone. Additionally tocopherol and/or tocotrienol protect vitamin A oxidation from retinol to retinoic acid.

1 . A composition comprising a chromanol and a CoQ10; whereby the chromanol converts some of the CoQ10 to ubiquinol and protects CoQ10 from degradation. 
     
     
         2 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the chromanol is vitamin E. 
     
     
         3 . The composition of  claim 2 , wherein the vitamin E is tocopherol. 
     
     
         4 . The composition of  claim 2 , wherein the vitamin E is tocotrienol. 
     
     
         5 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the CoQ10 is ubiquinone. 
     
     
         6 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the CoQ10 is ubiquinol. 
     
     
         6 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein more than 25% of the ubiquinone is converted to ubiquinol. 
     
     
         7 . The composition of  claim 3 , wherein the tocopherol is selected from the group of sources consisting of soy, corn, cottonseed, sunflower, natural (d-tocopherol), synthetic (dl-tocopherol), isolated isomers of tocopherol, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         8 . The composition of  claim 4 , wherein the tocotrienol is selected from the group of sources consisting of annatto, rice, and palm, natural (d-tocotrienol), synthetic (dl-tocotrienol), isolated isomers of tocotrienol, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         9 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the composition is selected from the group consisting of a softgel, tablet, two-piece gelatin shell, droplet, tincture oil, lotion, ointment, paste, powder, injectable, sublingual tablets, and sublingual drops. 
     
     
         10 . The composition of  claim 9 , wherein the composition is a softgel. 
     
     
         11 . The composition of  claim 1 , further comprising a fatty acid. 
     
     
         12 . The composition of  claim 11 , the fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of natural omega-3, synthesized omega-3, esterified omega-3, phospholipids, and structured lipids. 
     
     
         13 . The composition of  claim 1 , further comprising a component selected form the group consisting of vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin K, isoprenes, geraniols, farnesols, geranylgeraniol, menaquinones, non-vitamin antioxidants, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), resveratrol, and quercetin. 
     
     
         14 . A method to protect ubiquinol in the stomach, comprising the steps of
 combining ubiquinol with a chromanol in an ingested formulation and   ingesting the formulation.   
     
     
         15 . A method comprising the steps of combining a vitamin E into a mixture containing CoQ10 and emulsifiers to increase CoQ10's bioavailability, wherein the vitamin E protects the CoQ10 from loss of content and oxidation to the ubiquinone form due to the emulsification process.