Biocompatible Solid-Phase Microextraction Coatings and Methods for their Preparation

Abstract

A biocompatible coating, such as for a fiber, for solid phase microextraction (SPME) of a small molecule of interest from a matrix, with the coating having an extraction phase including SPME particles having pores dimensioned to absorb the small molecule of interest from the matrix and a biocompatible polymer being a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) or a co-polymer of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) that completely covers the SPME particles and homogeneously distributing the SPME particles therein and having reduced adsorption of proteins or macromolecules onto the SPME particles and allowing the SPME particles to extract the small molecule of interest from the matrix.

What I claim is: 
     
         1 . A biocompatible coating for solid phase microextraction (SPME) of a small molecule of interest from a matrix, the coating comprising:
 an extraction phase including SPME particles having pores dimensioned to absorb the small molecule of interest from the matrix; and   a biocompatible polymer, which is selected from the group consisting of a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and a co-polymer of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), completely covering the SPME particles and homogeneously distributing the SPME particles therein;   and having reduced adsorption of proteins or macromolecules onto the SPME particles and allowing the SPME particles to extract the small molecule of interest from the matrix.   
     
     
         2 . The biocompatible coating according to  claim 1 , wherein the SPME particles are selected from the group consisting of C-18/silica particles, RPamide/silica particles, HS-F5/silica particles, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         3 . The biocompatible coating according to  claim 1 , wherein the SPME particles are about 5 μm particles. 
     
     
         4 . The biocompatible coating according to  claim 1 , wherein the SPME particles have a pore size from about 120 Å to about 180 Å. 
     
     
         5 . The biocompatible coating according to  claim 1 , wherein the SPME particles have a surface area of about 200 m 2 /g to about 300 m 2 /g. 
     
     
         6 . The biocompatible coating according to  claim 1 , wherein the matrix is selected from the group consisting of biological fluid, tissues, organs and cells. 
     
     
         7 . The biocompatible coating according to  claim 1 , wherein the matrix is a biological fluid which is selected from the group consisting of whole blood, plasma, serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and peritoneal fluid. 
     
     
         8 . The biocompatible coating according to  claim 1 , wherein the small molecule is a drug or a biomarker. 
     
     
         9 . The biocompatible coating according to  claim 1 , wherein the small molecule is a drug selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecule having a molecular mass less than about 10,000 atomic mass units. 
     
     
         10 . The biocompatible coating of  claim 1  wherein the SPME particles are distributed within the biocompatible polymer at a ratio (w/w) of about 0.47 g SPME to about 0.2 g biocompatible polymer. 
     
     
         11 . A device for solid phase microextraction (SPME) of a small molecule of interest from a matrix, comprising:
 a fiber; and   a biocompatible coating on the fiber, the coating including an extraction phase having SPME particles with pores dimensioned to absorb the small molecule of interest from the matrix; and   a biocompatible polymer completely covering the SPME particles and homogeneously distributing the SPME particles therein,   and having reduced adsorption of proteins or macromolecules onto the SPME particles and allowing the SPME particles to extract the small molecule of interest from the matrix.   
     
     
         12 . The device of  claim 11  wherein the SPME particles are about 5 μm particles. 
     
     
         13 . The device of  claim 11  wherein the SPME particles have a pore size from about 120 Å to about 180 Å. 
     
     
         14 . The device of  claim 11  wherein the SPME particles have a surface area of about 200 m 2 /g to about 300 m 2 /g. 
     
     
         15 . The device of  claim 11  wherein the biocompatible polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), a co-polymer of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyethylene glycol, and polypyrrole. 
     
     
         16 . The device according to  claim 11  wherein the matrix is selected from the group consisting of biological fluid, tissues, organs and cells. 
     
     
         17 . The device according to  claim 11  wherein the matrix is a biological fluid which is selected from the group consisting of whole blood, plasma, serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and peritoneal fluid. 
     
     
         18 . The device according to  claim 11  wherein the small molecule is a drug or a biomarker. 
     
     
         19 . The device of  claim 11  wherein the small molecule is a drug selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecule having a molecular mass less than about 10,000 atomic mass units. 
     
     
         20 . The device of  claim 11  wherein the SPME particles are distributed within the biocompatible polymer at a ratio (w/w) of about 0.47 g SPME to about 0.2 g biocompatible polymer. 
     
     
         21 . The device of  claim 11  wherein the SPME particles are selected from the group consisting of C-18/silica particles, RP-amide/silica particles and HS-F5/silica particles.