Patient and Procedure Customized Fixation and Targeting Devices for Stereotactic Frames

Abstract

Provided herein are methods and apparatuses for performing precise medical procedures. Provided are methods of providing unitary positioning interfaces for stereotactic devices or medical devices. The methods include implanting emitters in a patient, scanning the patient using any suitable scanning technique, determining orientation and location data of the emitters and any suitable anatomic structures, generating a digital image, and fabricating a solid model from the digital image. Also provided herein are methods of verifying medical treatments and systems for performing medical procedures.

1 . A method of providing a unitary positioning interface for a stereotactic frame system comprising:
 implanting a plurality of anchors in a patient's body;   providing at least one three-dimensional scanned image comprising at least a portion of the anchors and at least one anatomical point within the body;   determining, from the at least one image, location and orientation data relating to at least a portion of the anchors and the at least one anatomical point;   inputting at least a portion of the data into a computer system;   generating, from at least a portion of the data, a frame coordinate map and a patient reference map;   positioning a predetermined stereotactic frame coordinate map such that the frame coordinate map is aligned with the at least one anatomical point;   rotating the frame coordinate map about the at least one anatomical point such that the frame coordinate map coincides with the patient reference map;   generating, from the data, a digital model comprising a plurality of positioning interface devices, the patient reference map, the frame coordinate map, and the location and orientation of at least a portion of the plurality of anchors and the at least one anatomical point; and   fabricating, from the digital model, at least one positioning interface device.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the anchors are detectable emitters, and wherein the emitters are active emitters or passive emitters. 
     
     
         3 - 4 . (canceled) 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the three-dimensional image is provided by one of a CT scan, T1-weighted MRI scan, T2-weighted MRI scan, and PET scan. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one anatomical point is at least one of the anterior commissure, posterior commissure, and mid-commissural point. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the patient reference map originates at the mid-commissural point. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the digital model further comprises stereotactic head ring mounts for the positioning interface devices. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the digital model further comprises at least one surgical entry point. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the digital model further comprises at least one stereotactic targeting device and at least one fiducial registration device. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the image further comprises at least one target within the body such that the location and orientation data and the digital model further comprise the at least one target. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 11 , further comprising the step of calculating, from the frame reference map, the patient reference map, and the location and orientation data of the at least one anatomical point, at least one target, and at least a portion of the anchors, stereotactic frame settings for a medical procedure, wherein the medical procedure is directed towards the at least one target. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the fabricating step further comprises fabricating a solid physical model of the at least one target using laser sintering or high-speed machining. 
     
     
         14 . (canceled) 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the positioning interface devices are fixation posts. 
     
     
         16 . A plurality of positioning interface devices obtained by the method of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         17 - 22 . (canceled) 
     
     
         23 . A method of providing a unitary positioning interface for a medical device comprising:
 implanting a plurality of detectable emitters in a patient's body;   providing at least one three-dimensional scanned image comprising the emitters and the body, wherein the image comprises at least one anatomical point within the body;   determining, from the image, location and orientation data of the emitters and the at least one anatomical point;   generating, from the data, a digital model comprising a plurality of positioning interface devices and the location and orientation of the plurality of emitters and the at least one anatomical point, wherein the plurality of positioning interface devices comprise sensors, and wherein the model is organized such that the sensors are aligned with the emitters; and   fabricating, from the model, a unitary positioning interface, wherein the sensors are capable of alignment with the plurality of emitters on the patient's body.   
     
     
         24 . A unitary positioning interface obtained by the method of  claim 23 . 
     
     
         25 - 27 . (canceled) 
     
     
         28 . A method of providing a unitary positioning interface for a stereotactic frame system comprising:
 implanting a plurality of anchors in a patient's body;   providing at least one scanned image comprising at least a portion of the anchors and at least one anatomical point within the body;   determining, from the at least one image, location and orientation data relating to at least a portion of the anchors and the at least one anatomical point;   inputting at least a portion of the data into a computer system;   generating, from the data, a digital model; and   fabricating, from the digital model, at least one positioning interface device.