US2015038501A1PendingUtilityA1

Inhibitors of hcv ns5a

57
Assignee: PRESIDIO PHARMACEUTICALS INCPriority: Dec 3, 2008Filed: Oct 20, 2014Published: Feb 5, 2015
Est. expiryDec 3, 2028(~2.4 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
A61P 31/14A61P 31/12A61P 43/00A61P 1/16C07D 233/64C07D 417/14C07D 403/14C07D 401/14C07D 405/14A61K 31/4178C07D 413/14
57
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Claims

Abstract

Provided herein are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and combination therapies for inhibition of hepatitis C.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
We claim: 
     
         1 . A compound having formula I: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein,
 A and A′ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, —(CR 2 ) n —C(O)—(CR 2 ) p —, —(CR 2 ) n —O—(CR 2 ) p —, —(CR 2 ) n —N(R N )—(CR 2 ) p —, —(CR 2 ) n S(O) k —N(R N )—(CR 2 ) p —, —(CR 2 ) n —C(O)—N(R N )—(CR 2 ) p —, —(CR 2 ) n —N(R N )—C(O)—N(R N )—(CR 2 ) p —, —(CR 2 ) n —C(O)—O—(CR 2 ) p —, —(CR 2 ) n —N(R N )—S(O) k —N(R N )—(CR 2 ) p — and —(CR 2 ) n —N(R N )—C(O)—O—(CR 2 ) p — and a heteroaryl group selected from the group consisting of 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
          wherein
 X 1  is CH 2 , NH, O or S, 
 Y 1 , Y 2  and Z 1  are each independently CH or N, 
 X 2  is NH, or 
 V is —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —N═CH—, (CH 2 ) a —N(R)—(CH 2 ) b  or —(CH 2 ) a —O—(CH 2 ) b —, wherein a and b are independently 0, 1, 2, or 3 with the proviso that a and b are not both 0, 
 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
            optionally includes 1 or 2 nitrogens as heteroatoms on the phenyl residue, 
           the carbons of the heteroaryl group are each independently optionally substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , halogen, C 1  to C 12  alkyl, C 1  to C 12  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonate, sulfonamide and amino, 
           the nitrogens, if present, of the heteroaryl group are each independently optionally substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of —OH, C 1  to C 12  alkyl, C 1  to C 12  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonate and sulfonamide, 
           a and b are independently 1, 2, or 3. 
           c and d are independently 1 or 2, 
           n and p are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, 
           k is 0, 1, or 2, 
           each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , halogen, C 1  to C 12  alkyl, C 1  to C 12  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonate, sulfonamide and amino, 
           each R N  is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —OH, C 1  to C 12  alkyl, C 1  to C 12  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonate and sulfonamide, and 
           wherein for each A and A′, B may be attached to either side of A and A′ so that in the example of A or A′ being 
         
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
            the A-B-A′ can be any of: 
         
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         B is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, triple bond, 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
          wherein each W is independently selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkenyl group, aryl group and heteroaryl group, with the proviso that a triple bond does not attach to W at a heteroatom; 
         R c , R d , R e  and R f  are each independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, aralkyl and a 4- to 8-membered ring which may be cycloalkyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl or aryl, wherein,
 each hetero atom, if present, is independently N, O or S, 
 each of R c C, R d , R e  and R f  may optionally be substituted by C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, aralkyl, or a 4- to 8-membered ring which may be cycloalkyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl or aryl and wherein each heteroatom, if present, is independently N, O or S, 
 R c  and R d  are optionally joined to form a 4- to 8-membered heterocycle which is optionally fused to another 3- to 6-membered heterocycle or heteroaryl ring, and 
 R e  and R f  are optionally joined to form a 4- to 8-membered heterocycle which is optionally fused to another 3- to 6-membered heterocycle or heteroaryl ring; 
 
         Y and Y′ are each independently carbon or nitrogen; and 
         Z and Z′ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, 1-3 amino acids, —[U—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 5 —(CR 4   2 ) t ] u —U—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 7 —(CR 4   2 ) t —R 8 , —U—(CR 4   2 )—R 8  and —[U—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 5 —(CR 4   2 ) t ] u —U—(CR 4   2 ) t —O—(CR 4   2 ) t —R 8 , wherein,
 U is selected from the group consisting of —C(O)—, —C(S)— and —S(O) 2 —, 
 each R 4 , R 5  and R 7  is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl and aralkyl, 
 R 8  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, —C(O)—R 81 , —C(S)—R 81 , —C(O)—O—R 81 , —C(O)—N—R 81   2 , —S(O) 2 —R 81  and —S(O) 2 —N—R 81   2 , wherein each R 81  is independently chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl and aralkyl, 
 optionally, R 7  and R 8  together form a 4-7 membered ring, 
 each t is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, and 
 u is 0, 1, or 2. 
 
       
     
     
         2 . The compound of  claim 1  wherein each W is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , halogen, C 1  to C 12  alkyl, C 1  to C 12  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonate, sulfonamide and amino, and if W is not aromatic, it is optionally substituted with oxo. 
     
     
         3 . The compound of  claim 2  wherein each W is independently optionally substituted with one of the group consisting of —CN, —OCF 3 , —OCHF 2 , —CF 3  and —F. 
     
     
         4 . The compound of  claim 1  wherein, B is selected from the group consisting of a triple bond, 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
          is a divalent aryl or heteroaryl group which may be polycyclic with varying connective patterns,
 each r is independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, and 
 each R a  is independently selected from the group consisting of —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , halogen, C 1  to C 12  alkyl, C 1  to C 12  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonate, sulfonamide and amino. 
 
       
     
     
         5 . The compound of  claim 4 , wherein 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       is selected from the group consisting of: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein * indicates attachment points to the remainder of the compound and each phenyl residue independently optionally includes 1 or 2 nitrogens as heteroatoms. 
     
     
         6 . The compound of  claim 4 , wherein 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       when present, is selected from the group consisting of: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein * indicates attachment points to the remainder of the compound, the phenyl residue optionally includes 1 or 2 nitrogens as heteroatoms, and R N  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —OH, C 1  to C 12  alkyl, C 1  to C 12  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonate and sulfonamide. 
     
     
         7 . The compound of  claim 4 , wherein 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       is selected from the group consisting of: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein * indicates attachment points to the remainder of the compound and the phenyl residue optionally includes 1 or 2 additional nitrogens as heteroatoms with the proviso that there are no more than 2 total nitrogens on the phenyl residue. 
     
     
         8 . The compound of  claim 4  wherein each R a  is independently selected from the group consisting of —CN, —OCF 3 , —OCHF 2 , —CF 3  and —F. 
     
     
         9 . The compound of any one of  claims 1  to  8  wherein A and A′ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, —(CR 2 ) n —O—(CR 2 ) p —, —(CR 2 ) n —N(R N )—(CR 2 ) p —, —(CR 2 ) n —C(O)—N(R N )—(CR 2 ) p —, —(CR 2 ) n —N(R N )—C(O)—N(R N )—(CR 2 ) p — and —(CR 2 ) n —N(R N )—C(O)—O—(CR 2 ) p — and a heteroaryl group selected from the group consisting of 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         10 . The compound of  claim 9  wherein A and A′ are independently selected from the group consisting of a single bond, 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein. 
     
     
         11 . The compound of any of the preceding claims wherein
 R c C, R d , R e  and R f  are each independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl and C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, wherein,
 each hetero atom, if present, is independently N, O or S, 
 R c C and R d  are optionally joined to form a 4- to 8-membered heterocycle which is optionally fused to another 3- to 6-membered heterocycle, and 
 R e  and R f  are optionally joined to form a 4- to 8-membered heterocycle which is optionally fused to another 3- to 6-membered heterocycle. 
   
     
     
         12 . The compound of  claim 11  wherein one or both of R c  and R d  or R e  and R f  are optionally joined to form a 4- to 8-membered heterocycle which is optionally fused to another 3- to 6-membered heterocycle. 
     
     
         13 . The compound of  claim 11  wherein R c  and R d  are joined and form a heterocyclic fused ring system selected from the group consisting of: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R N  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —OH, C 1  to C 12  alkyl, C 1  to C 12  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonate and sulfonamide. 
     
     
         14 . The compound of  claim 11  or  13  wherein R e  and R f  are joined and form a heterocyclic fused ring system selected from the group consisting of: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R N  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, —OH, C 1  to C 12  alkyl, C 1  to C 12  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonate and sulfonamide. 
     
     
         15 . The compound of  claim 1  having formula III 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein
 A and A′ are independently selected from the group consisting of single bond, 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
          —(CR 2 ) n —O—(CR 2 ) p — and —(CR 2 ) n —C(O)—N(R N )—(CR 2 ) p —; 
         each 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
          optionally independently includes 1 or 2 nitrogens as heteroatoms; 
         each R a  is independently selected from the group consisting of —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , halogen, C 1  to C 12  alkyl, C 1  to C 12  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonate, sulfonamide and amino; and 
         each r is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. 
       
     
     
         16 . The compound of  claim 15  having formula IIIa: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         17 . The compound of  claim 16  having formula IIIb: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein X and X′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, —S(O) 1-2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O) 1-2 — and —CH 2 N(R 1 )—, wherein R 1  is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and substituted sulfonyl. 
     
     
         18 . The compound of  claim 1  having formula IV: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein
 A is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
          —(CR 2 ) n —O—(CR 2 ) p —, —(CR 2 ) n —C(O)N(R N )—(CR 2 ) p — and —(CR 2 ) n —N(R N )C(O)CR 2 ) p —; 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
          optionally includes 1 or 2 nitrogens as heteroatoms; 
         each R a  is independently selected from the group consisting of —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , halogen, C 1  to C 12  alkyl, C 1  to C 12  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonate, sulfonamide and amino; 
         r is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and 
         r′ is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. 
       
     
     
         19 . The compound according to  claim 18  wherein A is a single bond, 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       —(CR 2 ) n —C(O)N(R N )—(CR 2 ) p —, or —(CR 2 ) n —N(R N )C(O)CR 2 ) p —. 
     
     
         20 . The compound of  claim 18  having formula IVa: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         21 . The compound of  claim 20  having formula IVb: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein X and X′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, —S(O) 1-2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O) 1-2 — and —CH 2 N(R 1 )—, wherein R 1  is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and substituted sulfonyl. 
     
     
         22 . The compound of  claim 1  having formula V: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein
 A and A′ are independently selected from the group consisting of single bond, 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
          —(CR 2 ) n —O—(CR 2 ) p — and —(CR 2 ) n —C(O)N(R N )—(CR 2 ) p —; 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
          optionally includes 1 or 2 nitrogens as heteroatoms; 
         each R a  is independently selected from the group consisting of —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , halogen, C 1  to C 12  alkyl, C 1  to C 12  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonate, sulfonamide and amino; and 
         r is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. 
       
     
     
         23 . The compound of  claim 22  having formula Va: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         24 . The compound of  claim 23  having formula Vb: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein X and X′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, —S(O) 1-2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O) 1-2 — and —CH 2 N(R 1 )—, wherein R 1  is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and substituted sulfonyl. 
     
     
         25 . The compound of  claim 22  wherein:
 A is selected from the group consisting of 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       and
 A′ is selected from the group consisting of 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
          —(CR 2 ) n —O—(CR 2 ) p —, —(CR 2 ) n —C(O)N(R N )—CR 2 ) p — and —(CR 2 ) n —N(R N )C(O)—(CR 2 ) p —. 
       
     
     
         26 . The compound of  claim 25  wherein A′ is 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         27 . The compound of  claim 26  having formula Vc: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein X and X′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, —S(O) 1-2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O) 1-2 — and —CH 2 N(R 1 )—, wherein R 1  is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and substituted sulfonyl. 
     
     
         28 . The compound of  claim 25  wherein A′ is selected from the group consisting of 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         29 . The compound of  claim 28  having formula Vd: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein X and X′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, —S(O) 1-2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O) 1-2 — and —CH 2 N(R 1 )—, wherein R 1  is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and substituted sulfonyl. 
     
     
         30 . The compound of  claim 1  having formula VI: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein
 A and A′ are independently selected from the group consisting of single bond, 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
          —(CR 2 ) n —O—(CR 2 ) p — and —(CR 2 ) n —C(O)N(R N )—(CR 2 ) p —; 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
          optionally includes 1 or 2 nitrogens as heteroatoms; 
         each R a  is independently selected from the group consisting of —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , halogen, C 1  to C 12  alkyl, C 1  to C 12  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonate, sulfonamide and amino; and 
         r is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. 
       
     
     
         31 . The compound of  claim 30  having formula VIa: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         32 . The compound of  claim 31  having formula VIb: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein X and X′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, —S(O) 1-2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O) 1-2 — and —CH 2 N(R 1 )—, wherein R 1  is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and substituted sulfonyl. 
     
     
         33 . The compound of  claim 1  having formula VII: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein,
 A and A′ are independently selected from the group consisting of single bond, 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
          —(CR 2 ) n —O—(CR 2 ) p — and —(CR 2 ) n —C(O)N(R N )—CR 2 ) p —; 
         each 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
          optionally independently includes 1 or 2 nitrogens as heteroatoms; 
         each R a  is independently selected from the group consisting of —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , halogen, C 1  to C 12  alkyl, C 1  to C 12  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonate, sulfonamide and amino; and 
         each r is independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. 
       
     
     
         34 . The compound of  claim 33  having formula VIIa: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         35 . The compound of  claim 34  having formula VIIb: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein X and X′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, —S(O) 1-2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O) 1-2 — and —CH 2 N(R 1 )—, wherein R 1  is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and substituted sulfonyl. 
     
     
         36 . The compound of  claim 1  having formula VIII: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein
 A′ is selected from the group consisting of single bond, 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       —(CR 2 ) n —O—(CR 2 ) p —, —(CR 2 ) n —C(O)N(R N )—(CR 2 ) p — and —(CR 2 ) n —N(R N )C(O)—(CR 2 ) p —;
 each R a  is independently selected from the group consisting of —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , halogen, C 1  to C 12  alkyl, C 1  to C 12  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonate, sulfonamide and amino; and 
 r is 0, 1, 2, or 3. 
 
     
     
         37 . The compound according to  claim 36  wherein A′ is a single bond, 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       —(CR 2 ) n —C(O)N(R N )—(CR 2 ) p —, or —(CR 2 ) n —N(R N )C(O)—(CR 2 ) p —. 
     
     
         38 . The compound of  claim 36  having formula VIIIa: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         39 . The compound of  claim 38  having formula VIIIb: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein X and X′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, —S(O) 1-2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O) 1-2 — and —CH 2 N(R 1 )—, wherein R 1  is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and substituted sulfonyl. 
     
     
         40 . The compound of  claim 1  having formula IX: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein
 each R a  is independently selected from the group consisting of —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , halogen, C 1  to C 12  alkyl, C 1  to C 12  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonate, sulfonamide and amino; and 
 each r is independently 0, 1, 2, or 3. 
 
     
     
         41 . The compound of  claim 40  having formula IXa: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein X and X′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 , —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, —S(O) 1-2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O) 1-2 — and —CH 2 N(R 1 )—, wherein R 1  is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and substituted sulfonyl. 
     
     
         42 . The compound of  claim 1  having formula X: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein
 A and A′ are independently selected from the group consisting of single bond, 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       —(CR 2 ) n —O—(CR 2 ) p — and —(CR 2 ) n —C(O)N(R N )—(CR 2 ) p —; 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
          optionally includes 1, 2, 3 or 4 nitrogens as heteroatoms; 
         each R a  is independently selected from the group consisting of —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , halogen, C 1  to C 12  alkyl, C 1  to C 12  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonate, sulfonamide and amino; and 
         each r is independently 0, 1, 2, or 3. 
       
     
     
         43 . The compound of  claim 42  having formula Xa: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         44 . The compound of  claim 43  having formula Xb: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein X and X′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, —S(O) 1-2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O) 1-2 — and —CH 2 N(R 1 )—, wherein R 1  is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and substituted sulfonyl. 
     
     
         45 . The compound of  claim 42  wherein:
 A is selected from the group consisting of 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       and
 A′ is 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         46 . The compound of  claim 42  having formula Xc: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein:
 A is selected from the group consisting of 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       and
 X and X′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, —S(O) 1-2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O) 1-2 — and —CH 2 N(R 1 )—, wherein R 1  is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and substituted sulfonyl. 
 
     
     
         47 . The compound of  claim 1  having formula Xd: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein: 
         r is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and 
         r′ is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. 
       
     
     
         48 . The compound of  claim 47  having formula Xe: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein X and X′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, —S(O) 1-2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O) 1-2 — and —CH 2 N(R 1 )—, wherein R 1  is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and substituted sulfonyl. 
     
     
         49 . The compound of  claim 1  having formula XI: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein A and A′ are independently selected from the group consisting of 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         50 . The compound of  claim 49  having formula XIa: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein X and X′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, —S(O) 1-2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O) 1-2 — and —CH 2 N(R 1 )—, wherein R 1  is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and substituted sulfonyl. 
     
     
         51 . The compound of  claim 1  having formula XII: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein:
 A and A′ are independently selected from the group consisting of single bond, 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       —(CR 2 ) n —O—(CR 2 ) p — and —(CR 2 ) n —C(O)N(R N )—(CR 2 ) p —; 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
          optionally includes 1, 2, 3 or 4 nitrogens as heteroatoms; 
         each R a  is independently selected from the group consisting of —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , halogen, C 1  to C 12  alkyl, C 1  to C 12  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonate, sulfonamide and amino; and 
         each r is independently 0, 1, 2, or 3. 
       
     
     
         52 . The compound of  claim 51  having formula XIIa: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         53 . The compound of  claim 52  having formula XIIb: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein X and X′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, —S(O) 1-2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O) 1-2 — and —CH 2 N(R 1 )—, wherein R 1  is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and substituted sulfonyl. 
     
     
         54 . The compound of  claim 1  having formula XIII: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein
 A and A′ are independently selected from the group consisting of single bond, 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       —(CR 2 ) n —O—(CR 2 ) p — and —(CR 2 ) n —C(O)N(R N )—(CR 2 ) p —; 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
          optionally includes 1, 2, 3 or 4 nitrogens as heteroatoms; 
         each R a  is independently selected from the group consisting of —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , halogen, C 1  to C 12  alkyl, C 1  to C 12  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonate, sulfonamide and amino; and 
         each r is independently 0, 1, 2, or 3. 
       
     
     
         55 . The compound of  claim 54  having formula XIIIa: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         56 . The compound of  claim 55  having formula XIIIb: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein X and X′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, —S(O) 1-2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O) 1-2 — and —CH 2 N(R 1 )—, wherein R 1  is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and substituted sulfonyl. 
     
     
         57 . The compound of  claim 1  having formula XIV: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein:
 A is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       —(CR 2 ) n —O—(CR 2 ) p —, —(CR 2 ) n —C(O)N(R N )—(CR 2 ) p — and —(CR 2 ) n —N(R N )C(O)—(CR 2 ) p —; 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
          optionally includes 1 or 2 nitrogens as heteroatoms; 
         each R a  is independently selected from the group consisting of —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , halogen, C 1  to C 12  alkyl, C 1  to C 12  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonate, sulfonamide and amino; 
         r is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and 
         r′ is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. 
       
     
     
         58 . The compound according to  claim 57  wherein A is a single bond, 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       —(CR 2 ) n —C(O)N(R N )—(CR 2 ) p —, or —(CR 2 ) n —N(R N )C(O)—(CR 2 ) p —. 
     
     
         59 . The compound of  claim 57  having formula XIVa: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         60 . The compound of  claim 59  having formula XIVb: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein X and X′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, —S(O) 1-2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O) 1-2 — and —CH 2 N(R 1 )—, wherein R 1  is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and substituted sulfonyl. 
     
     
         61 . The compound of  claim 57  having formula XIVc: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         62 . The compound of  claim 61  having formula XIVd: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein X and X′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, —S(O) 1-2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O) 1-2 — and —CH 2 N(R 1 )—, wherein R 1  is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and substituted sulfonyl. 
     
     
         63 . The compound of  claim 57  having formula XIVc: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         64 . The compound of  claim 63  having formula XIVf: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein X and X′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, —S(O) 1-2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O) 1-2 — and —CH 2 N(R 1 )—, wherein R 1  is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and substituted sulfonyl. 
     
     
         65 . The compound of  claim 1  having formula XV: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein:
 A is selected from the group consisting of 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           each R a  is independently selected from the group consisting of —OH, —CN, —NO 2 , halogen, C 1  to C 12  alkyl, C 1  to C 12  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, carbamoyl, substituted sulfonyl, sulfonate, sulfonamide and amino; and 
           r is 0, 1, 2, or 3. 
         
       
     
     
         66 . The compound of  claim 65  having formula XVa: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         67 . The compound of  claim 66  having formula XVb: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein X and X′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, —S(O) 1-2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O) 1-2 — and 
     
     
         68 . The compound of  claim 65  having formula XVc: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         69 . The compound of  claim 68  having formula XVd: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein X and X′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, —S(O) 1-2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O) 1-2 — and —CH 2 N(R 1 )—, wherein R 1  is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and substituted sulfonyl. 
     
     
         70 . The compound of  claim 65  having formula XVe: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         71 . The compound of  claim 70  having formula XVf: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein X and X′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —, —CH═CH—, —O—, —S—, —S(O) 1-2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 S—, —CH 2 S(O) 1-2 — and —CH 2 N(R 1 )—, wherein R 1  is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl, C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl and substituted sulfonyl. 
     
     
         72 . The compound according to any one of  claims 15 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20 ,  22 ,  23 ,  30 ,  31 ,  33 ,  34 ,  36 ,  38 ,  40 ,  42 ,  43 ,  47 ,  49 ,  51 ,  52 ,  54 ,  55 ,  57 ,  58 ,  60 ,  62 ,  64 ,  65 ,  67 , or  69  wherein R c , R d , R e  and R f  are each independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, C 1  to C 8  alkyl and C 1  to C 8  heteroalkyl, wherein,
 each hetero atom, if present, is independently N, O or S, 
 R c  and R d  are optionally joined to form a 4- to 8-membered heterocycle which is optionally fused to another 3- to 6-membered heterocycle, and 
 R e  and R f  are optionally joined to form a 4- to 8-membered heterocycle which is optionally fused to another 3- to 6-membered heterocycle. 
 
     
     
         73 . The compound according to  claim 72  wherein one of R c  and R d  or R e  and R f  are joined to form a 4- to 8-membered heterocycle which is optionally fused to another 3- to 6-membered heterocycle. 
     
     
         74 . The compound according to  claim 72  wherein both of R c  and R d  and R e  and R f  are joined to form a 4- to 8-membered heterocycle which is optionally fused to another 3- to 6-membered heterocycle. 
     
     
         75 . The compound according to any one of  claims 15 - 74  wherein each R is independently —CN, —OCF 3 , —OCHF 2 , —CF 3 , or —F. 
     
     
         76 . The compound according to any one of  claims 15 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20 ,  22 ,  23 ,  30 ,  31 ,  33 ,  34 ,  36 ,  38 ,  40 ,  42 ,  43 ,  47 ,  49 ,  51 ,  52 ,  54 ,  55 ,  57 ,  58 ,  60 ,  62 ,  64 ,  65 ,  67 , or  69  wherein one of Y and Y′ is N. 
     
     
         77 . The compound according to  claim 76  wherein both Y and Y′ are N. 
     
     
         78 . The compound according to any one of  claims 15 ,  22 ,  30 ,  33 ,  42 ,  51 , or  54  wherein A and A′ are each independently 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       or —(CR 2 ) n —C(O)N(R N )—CR 2 ) p —. 
     
     
         79 . The compound according to any one of  claims 1 - 78  wherein Z and Z′ are each 1-3 amino acids. 
     
     
         80 . The compound according to  claim 79  wherein the amino acids are in the D configuration. 
     
     
         81 . The compound of any one of  claims 1 - 78  wherein Z and Z′ are each independently selected from the group consisting of —[U—(CR 4   2 ) t NR 5 —(CR 4   2 ) t ] u —U—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 7 —(CR 4   2 ) t —R 8 , —U—(CR 4   2 ) t —R 8  and —[U—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 5 —(CR 4   2 ) t ] u —U—(CR 4   2 ) t —O—(CR 4   2 ) t —R 8 . 
     
     
         82 . The compound of  claim 81  wherein one or both of Z and Z′ are —[U—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 5 —(CR 4   2 ) t ] u —U—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 7 —(CR 4   2 ) t —R 8 . 
     
     
         83 . The compound of  claim 82  wherein one or both of Z and Z′ are —U—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 5 —(CR 4   2 ) t —U—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 7 —(CR 4   2 )—R 8 . 
     
     
         84 . The compound of  claim 82  wherein one or both of Z and Z′ are —U—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 7 —(CR 4   2 ) t —R 8 . 
     
     
         85 . The compound of  claim 82  wherein either one or both of Z and Z′ are —[C(O)—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 5 —(CR 4   2 ) t ] u —U—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 7 —(CR 4   2 ) t —R 8 . 
     
     
         86 . The compound of  claim 85  wherein one or both of Z and Z′ are —C(O)—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 5 —(CR 4   2 ) t —U—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 7 —(CR 4   2 ) t —R 8 . 
     
     
         87 . The compound of  claim 85  wherein one or both of Z and Z′ are —[C(O)—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 5 —(CR 4   2 ) t ] u —C(O)—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 7 —(CR 4   2 ) t —R 8 . 
     
     
         88 . The compound of  claim 87  wherein one or both of Z and Z′ are —C(O)—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 5 —(CR 4   2 )—C(O)—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 7 —(CR 4   2 ) t —R 8 . 
     
     
         89 . The compound of  claim 85  wherein one or both of Z and Z′ are —C(O)—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 7 —(CR 4   2 ) t —R 8 . 
     
     
         90 . The compound of  claim 89  wherein one or both of Z and Z′ are —C(O)—(CR 4   2 ) n —NR 7 —(CR 4   2 ) n —C(O)—R 81 . 
     
     
         91 . The compound of  claim 90  wherein one or both of Z and Z′ are —C(O)—(CR 4   2 ) n —NR 7 —C(O)—R 81 . 
     
     
         92 . The compound of  claim 89  wherein one or both of Z and Z′ are —C(O)—(CR 4   2 ) n —NR 7 —(CR 4   2 ) n —C(O)—O—R 81 . 
     
     
         93 . The compound of  claim 92  wherein one or both of Z and Z′ are —C(O)—(CR 4   2 ) n —NR 7 —C(O)—O—R 81 . 
     
     
         94 . The compound of  claim 81  wherein one or both of Z and Z′ are —U—(CR 4   2 ) t —R 8 . 
     
     
         95 . The compound of  claim 94  wherein one or both of Z and Z′ are —C(O)—(CR 4   2 ) t —R 8 . 
     
     
         96 . The compound of  claim 81  wherein one or both of Z and Z′ are —[U—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 5 —(CR 4   2 ) t ] u —U—(CR 4   2 ) t —O—(CR 4   2 ) t —R 8 . 
     
     
         97 . The compound of  claim 96  wherein one or both of Z and Z′ are —U—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 5 —(CR 4   2 ) t —U—(CR 4   2 ) t —O—(CR 4   2 ) t —R 8 . 
     
     
         98 . The compound of  claim 64  wherein one or both of Z and Z′ are —C(O)—(CR 4   2 ) t —NR 5 —(CR 4   2 ) t —C(O)—(CR 4   2 ) t —O—(CR 4   2 ) t —R 8 . 
     
     
         99 . The compound of  claim 96  wherein one or both of Z and Z′ are —U—(CR 4   2 ) t —O—(CR 4   2 ) t —R 8 . 
     
     
         100 . The compound of  claim 99  wherein one or both of Z and Z′ are —C(O)CR 4   2 ) t —O—(CR 4   2 ) t —R 8 . 
     
     
         101 . The compound of  claim 81  wherein one or both of Z and Z′ are —C(O)—(CR 4   2 ) n —NR 7 —R 8  wherein R 7  and R 8  together form a 4-7 membered ring. 
     
     
         102 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising any one of the compounds of  claims 1 - 101 . 
     
     
         103 . The use of the compound of any one of  claims 1 - 101  in the manufacture of a medicament. 
     
     
         104 . The use of a compound of  claim 103  wherein the medicament is for the treatment of hepatitis C. 
     
     
         105 . A method of treating hepatitis C comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of any one of the compounds of  claims 1 - 102 .

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