Electric power system control with measurement of energy demand and energy efficiency using t-distributions

Abstract

A method, apparatus, system and computer program is provided for controlling an electric power system, including implementation of voltage measurement using paired t statistical analysis applied to calculating a shift in average usage per customer from one time period to another time period for a given electrical use population where the pairing process is optimized using a novel technique to improve the accuracy of the statistical measurement.

1 - 41 . (canceled) 
     
     
         42 . A control system for an electric power grid configured to supply electric power from a supply point to a plurality of consumption locations, the system comprising:
 a plurality of sensors, wherein each sensor is located at a respective one of a plurality of distribution locations on the distribution grid at or between the supply point and at least one of the plurality of consumption locations, and wherein each sensor is configured to sense a component of the supplied electric power received at the respective distribution location and to generate measurement data based on the sensed component of the power;   a controller configured to receive measurement data from the plurality of sensors, and to operate the electric power grid in a modification-on state or in a modification-off state; wherein the controller generates an energy delivery parameter based on the measurement data;   a component adjusting device configured to adjust a component of the electric power grid in response to the energy delivery parameter;   wherein the controller is configured to determine, using an energy validation process, the change in energy characteristics between the modification-on state and the modification-off state, using a paired t measurement.   
     
     
         43 . The system of  claim 42 , wherein the controller generates an energy delivery parameter based on the measurement data when the controller is in the modification-on state, but not when the controller is in the modification-off state. 
     
     
         44 . The system of  claim 42 , wherein the component of the supplied electric power is measured by the sensors on an interval basis. 
     
     
         45 . The system of  claim 42 , wherein the component of the supplied electric power is voltage. 
     
     
         46 . The system of  claim 42 , wherein the modification is conservation voltage reduction. 
     
     
         47 . The system of  claim 45 , wherein the component of the electric power grid adjusting device comprises: a load tap change transformer that adjusts the voltage of the electric power supplied at the supply point based on a load tap change coefficient; or a voltage regulator that adjusts the voltage of the electric power supplied at the supply point based on the energy delivery parameter. 
     
     
         48 . The system of  claim 47 , wherein the load tap change transformer is located at a substation and at least one sensor is located at the substation. 
     
     
         49 . The system of  claim 42 , wherein the energy characteristic is the conservation voltage reduction factor. 
     
     
         50 . The system of  claim 42 , wherein the energy characteristic is the energy savings. 
     
     
         51 . The system of  claim 44 , wherein each sensor's measurement data is averaged over the interval. 
     
     
         52 . The system of  claim 44 , wherein the interval is a period of between about one hour and about twenty-four hours. 
     
     
         53 . The system of  claim 42 , wherein the controller is further configured to receive the measurement data from each sensor of a subset of the plurality of sensors, wherein the subset includes more than one and fewer than all of the plurality of sensors for distribution locations receiving the supplied electric power, and to generate the energy delivery parameter based on the measurement data received from the subset. 
     
     
         54 . The system of  claim 53 , wherein the subset includes more than one and substantially fewer than all of the plurality of sensors for distribution locations receiving the supplied electric power. 
     
     
         55 . The system of  claim 42 , wherein the pairing process comprises an additional process that breaks the paired t process into measurements of conservation voltage reduction factor and conservation energy savings by season and uses linear regression constants to determine the blocks of hours where consistent loads exist and paired t comparisons can be calculated within predetermined limits. 
     
     
         56 . The system of  claim 45 , wherein the controller is configured to adjust the voltage based on the change in energy characteristic. 
     
     
         57 . The system of  claim 42 , wherein the controller is configured to use the paired t p-factor to eliminate data having values outside of corresponding predetermined normalized ranges of values to determine measurement accuracy. 
     
     
         58 . The system of  claim 42 , wherein the controller is configured to determining the change in energy characteristic based on a first variable. 
     
     
         59 . The system of  claim 58 , wherein the first variable is season, grouped hour, or customer type. 
     
     
         60 . The system of  claim 58 , wherein the controller is configured to provide a second pairing variable that is secondary to the first pairing variable, to pair the first variable values to the closest modification-off to modification-on values, and determining a weighed scoring of the pairs based on the relative slopes of the linear relationship between the first and second respective variables. 
     
     
         61 . The system of  claim 42 , wherein the controller is configured to exclude data that is affected by non-efficiency variables. 
     
     
         62 . A method for controlling electrical power supplied to a plurality of distribution locations located at or between a supply point and at least one consumption location, each of the plurality of distribution locations including at least one sensor configured to sense a voltage of the supplied electric power received at the respective distribution location and generate measurement data based on the sensed voltage, the method comprising:
 controlling the electric power grid in a modification-on state or in a modification-off state; wherein a controller generates an energy delivery parameter based on the measurement data when the controller is in the modification-on state, but not when the controller is in the modification-off state;   operating an component adjusting device configured to adjust a component of the electric power grid in response to the energy delivery parameter;   measuring the component of the supplied electric power with the sensors on an interval basis using an energy validation process, and determining the change in energy characteristics between the voltage conservation-voltage-reduction-on state and the conservation-voltage-reduction-off being using a paired t measurement.   
     
     
         63 . The method of  claim 62 , wherein the component of the supplied electric power is voltage. 
     
     
         64 . The method of  claim 62 , wherein the modification is conservation voltage reduction. 
     
     
         65 . The method of  claim 62 , wherein the component of the electric power grid adjusting device comprises: a load tap change transformer that adjusts the voltage of the electric power supplied at the supply point based on a load tap change coefficient; or a voltage regulator that adjusts the voltage of the electric power supplied at the supply point based on the energy delivery parameter. 
     
     
         66 . The method of  claim 62  wherein the energy characteristic is the conservation voltage reduction factor. 
     
     
         67 . The method of  claim 62 , wherein the energy characteristic is the energy savings. 
     
     
         68 . The method of  claim 62 , wherein each sensor's measurement data is averaged over the interval. 
     
     
         69 . The method of  claim 62 , wherein the wherein the interval is a period of between about one hour and about twenty-four hours. 
     
     
         70 . The method of  claim 62 , wherein the energy delivery parameter is based on the measurement data received from each sensor of a subset of the plurality of sensors, wherein the subset includes more than one and substantially fewer than all of the plurality of sensors for distribution locations receiving the supplied electric power. 
     
     
         71 . The method of  claim 62 , wherein the pairing process comprises an additional process that breaks the paired t process into measurements of conservation voltage reduction factor and conservation energy savings by season and uses linear regression constants to determine the blocks of hours where consistent loads exist and paired t comparisons can be calculated accurately, within predetermined limits.