Lattice matchable alloy for solar cells

Abstract

An alloy composition for a subcell of a solar cell is provided that has a bandgap of at least 0.9 eV, namely, Ga 1-x In x N y As 1-y-z Sb z with a low antimony (Sb) content and with enhanced indium (In) content and enhanced nitrogen (N) content, achieving substantial lattice matching to GaAs and Ge substrates and providing both high short circuit currents and high open circuit voltages in GaInNAsSb subcells for multijunction solar cells. The composition ranges for Ga 1-x In x N y As 1-y-z Sb z are 0.07≧x≧0.18, 0.025≧y≧0.04 and 0.001≧z≧0.03.

1 . A multijunction solar cell comprising:
 a first subcell comprising Ga 1-x In x N y As 1-y-z Sb z  , wherein,   the content values for x, y, and z are within composition ranges as follows: 0.07≧x≧0.18, 0.025≧y≧0.04 and 0.001≧z≧0.03; and   at least one second subcell overlying the first subcell to form the multijunction solar cell.   
     
     
         2 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 1 , wherein the content levels are selected to achieve a bandgap from 0.9 eV to 1.1 eV. 
     
     
         3 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 1 , wherein the content levels are selected to achieve a bandgap of at least 0.9 eV. 
     
     
         4 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 1 , wherein the first subcell is characterized by a short circuit current Jsc greater than 13 mA/cm 2  and an open circuit voltage Voc greater than 0.3 V when illuminated with a filtered 1 sun AM1.5D spectrum in which all light having an energy greater than the bandgap of GaAs is blocked. 
     
     
         5 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 4 , wherein the illumination intensity is 1,000 W/m 2 . 
     
     
         6 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 1 , comprising a substrate underlying the first subcell, wherein the substrate comprises Ge. 
     
     
         7 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 1 , comprising a substrate underlying the first subcell, wherein the substrate comprises GaAs. 
     
     
         8 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 1 , wherein each of the first subcell and the second subcell is substantially lattice matched to a substrate. 
     
     
         9 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 8 , wherein the substrate is selected from GaAs and Ge. 
     
     
         10 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 1 , wherein the at least one second subcell is selected from a Ga 1-x In x N y As 1-y-z Sb z  subcell, a GaInNAs(Sb) subcell, a (Al)(In)GaP subcell, an (In)(Al)GaAs subcell, an (Al)InGaP subcell, and an (In)GaAs subcell. 
     
     
         11 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 1 , wherein the first subcell is characterized by a lattice constant that is within 0.5% of the lattice constant of the at least one second subcell when fully relaxed. 
     
     
         12 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 1 , wherein the first subcell is not a current-limiting subcell. 
     
     
         13 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 1 , wherein the first subcell is characterized by a thickness from 1 μm to 2 μm. 
     
     
         14 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 1 , wherein the first subcell is characterized by a thickness greater than 1 μm. 
     
     
         15 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 1 , wherein a base of the first subcell comprises p-type Ga 1-x In x N y As 1-y-z Sb z . 
     
     
         16 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 1 , comprising four or more subcells. 
     
     
         17 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 1 , comprising three subcells. 
     
     
         18 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 1 , wherein the second subcell comprises n-GaAs. 
     
     
         19 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 1 , wherein the second subcell comprises (In)GaAs. 
     
     
         20 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 1 , comprising a substrate underlying the first subcell, wherein the substrate is a subcell. 
     
     
         21 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 20 , wherein the substrate comprises Ge or p-GaAs. 
     
     
         22 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 1 , wherein,
 the second subcell comprises Ga 1-x In x N y As 1-y-z Sb z  ; and   the content values for x, y, and z are within composition ranges as follows: 0.07≧x≧0.18, 0.025≧y≧0.04 and 0.001≧z≧0.03.   
     
     
         23 . A multijunction solar cell comprising:
 a substrate selected from Ge and GaAs;   a first subcell overlying the substrate, wherein,
 the first subcell comprises a base comprising Ga 1-x In x N y As 1-y-z Sb z , wherein, the content values for x, y, and z are within composition ranges as follows: 0.07≧x≧0.18, 0.025≧y≧0.04 and 0.001≧z≧0.03; 
 the first subcell is substantially lattice matched to the substrate; and 
 the first subcell is characterized by a thickness greater than 1 μm; and 
   at least one second subcell overlying the first subcell.   
     
     
         24 . The multijunction solar cell of  claim 23 , wherein the substrate is a subcell.