Apparatus and method for generating fuel gas from a solid combustible

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for generating fuel gas from a solid material in a shaft gasifier, and comprises a gasification zone, into which the solid material can be filled, and an oxidation zone designed to oxidize the generated gas connected to the gasifier zone so that the gases generated in the gasifier zone run to the oxidation zone. A first air supply device and a second air supply device downstream of the first air supply in the processing direction of the solid material supply air into the gasification zone. A measurement unit samples the raw gas that is generated in the oxidation zone or of the flammable product gas. A control unit, which is coupled with the measurement unit by means of signal technology, transmits a test signal and controls the air supplied by the second air supply device via the test signal.

1 - 17 . (canceled) 
     
     
         18 . A gasification apparatus for generating a combustible product gas from a solid material, comprising:
 a gasification zone, into which the solid material can be filled via a solid material filler inlet, and from which solid material a pyrolysis gas is generated;   an oxidation zone for the oxidation of the generated pyrolysis gas, which is connected to the gasification zone in order to run the pyrolysis gas generated in the gasification zone into the oxidation zone; and   wherein a first air supply device and a second air supply device supply air into the gasification zone, wherein the second air supply device follows the first air supply device in the processing direction of the solid material;   a measurement unit for determining a qualitative or quantitative quantity of predetermined gas components of the flammable product gas, and from which generates test signals; and   a control unit, which is coupled with the measurement unit by means of signal technology in order to transmit the test signals, and which is configured in such a way that the control unit controls the quantity of the air being supplied by the first and/or second air supply devices as a function of the test signals.   
     
     
         19 . The gasification apparatus according to  claim 18 , wherein the gasification zone and the oxidation zone are in thermal contact, wherein either the oxidation zone encloses the gasification zone in a cross section of the shaft gasifier in the direction of material flow of the solid material, or the gasification zone encloses the oxidation zone in a cross section of the shaft gasifier in the direction of material flow of the solid material, and wherein the gasification zone is preferably subdivided into a plurality of gasification sectors each having individually controllable air supply, which zones are regularly or irregularly distributed across the cross section. 
     
     
         20 . The gasification apparatus according to  claim 18 , wherein in an operating position in the direction of gravity, the gasification zone is disposed below a solid material filler inlet for the filling of solid material under the effect of gravity. 
     
     
         21 . The gasification apparatus according to  claim 18 , further comprising a reduction zone, which is connected to the oxidation zone in order that the raw gas formed in the oxidation zone be supplied to said reduction zone, and which is designed to chemically reduce the raw gas supplied thereto. 
     
     
         22 . The gasification apparatus according to  claim 21 , wherein the reduction zone is disposed below the gasification zone in the direction of gravity and is connected thereto for the direct transfer of solid material under the effect of gravity from the gasification zone into the reduction zone, and a section of the oxidation zone is disposed to separate the gasification zone from the reduction zone in the direction of flow of the gas that is generated. 
     
     
         23 . The gasification apparatus according to  claim 18 , wherein the measurement unit directly or indirectly measures the tar content of the raw gas or of the product gas that is generated, and wherein the control unit controls the quantity of air that is supplied via the second air supply device as a function of the tar content of the raw gas or of the product gas that is generated. 
     
     
         24 . The gasification apparatus according to  claim 23 , wherein the measurement unit is a CH 4  sensor, which is configured to convey indirect information concerning the tar component of the raw gas or the product gas via processing by means of signal technology. 
     
     
         25 . The gasification apparatus according to  claim 21 , wherein the measurement unit is designed in such a way that it directly or indirectly measures the CO content of the product gas that is generated, and in that the control unit controls the quantity of the air supplied by the second air supply device as a function of the CO content of the product gas that is generated in response to the measurement unit. 
     
     
         26 . The gasification apparatus according to  claim 25 , wherein the second air supply device is located directly above the transition from the gasification zone into the reduction zone. 
     
     
         27 . The gasification apparatus according to  claim 18 , further comprising a gas extraction device, which has a suction opening located to the side on the gasification apparatus, and wherein
 the gas extraction device comprises a suction ring, which is configured such that it generates a uniform speed distribution across the cross section of the gasification apparatus for the gas being extracted, in that the ring provides the gas with a large outlet cross section on the side facing away from the outlet opening, and which tapers on the side facing the outlet opening.   
     
     
         28 . A gasification method for generating a combustible product gas from a solid material, comprising the steps of:
 supplying a solid material into a gasification zone;   gasification of the solid material in the gasification zone by means of pyrolysis or gasification to generate a pyrolysis gas;   supplying the pyrolysis gas that is generated in the gasification zone to an oxidation zone;   supplying air into a gasification zone through a first air supply device; and   positioning a second air supply device downstream from the first air supply device in a processing direction of the solid material, wherein the supply of air via the second air supply device is controlled as a function of a measurement of the qualitative or quantitative quantity of a predetermined component of the gas in the raw gas that is generated in the oxidation zone or in a combustible product gas.   
     
     
         29 . The method of gasification according to  claim 28 , wherein the supply of air into the gasification zone is individually controlled within one or more gasification sectors that are either regularly or irregularly distributed across a cross section of the gasification zone. 
     
     
         30 . The method of gasification according to  claim 28 , further comprising the steps of:
 supplying air into the oxidation zone and conversion of the pyrolysis gas in a stoichiometric process by means of partial oxidation and cracking into a raw gas in the oxidation zone;   supplying raw gas from the oxidation zone into a reduction zone;   supplying partially or completely pyrolyzed solid material into the reduction zone; and   chemically reducing the raw gas in the reduction zone by means of the pyrolyzed solid material into the combustible product gas.   
     
     
         31 . The method of gasification according to  claim 28 , wherein a tar content in the raw gas or product gas that is generated is measured directly or indirectly, and the quantity of air supplied via the second air supply device is supplied as a function of one or more test signals which are processed by means of signal technology. 
     
     
         32 . The method of gasification according to  claim 31 , wherein the CH 4  content of the product gas that is generated is measured to draw direct or indirect conclusions concerning the tar content of the raw gas or product gas via signal technology processing and controlling the supply of aid from the second air supply device as a function of this measurement. 
     
     
         33 . The method of gasification according to  claim 30 , wherein the CO content of the product gas that is generated in the reduction zone is measured, and the quantity of air that is supplied by the second air supply device is controlled as a function of the detected CO content. 
     
     
         34 . The method of gasification according to  claim 28 , further comprising:
 extraction of combustible gases using a gas extraction device, which has a suction opening located to the side on the gasification apparatus, and which is configured in such a way that it generates a uniform speed distribution across the cross section of a gasification apparatus for the gas being extracted, and wherein   the gas extraction device has a suction ring, which provides the gas with a large outlet cross section on the side facing away from the outlet opening, and which tapers on the side facing the outlet opening.