Inhibitors of the 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme

Abstract

The present invention relates to inhibitors of the 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Type 1 enzyme and their use in treatment of non-insulin dependent type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity, lipid disorders, metabolic syndrome, central nervous system disorders, and diseases and conditions that are related to excessive glucocorticoids.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A method for treating a patient suffering from a disorder selected from the group consisting of neuropathy, neuronal dysfunction, neurodegeneration, dementia, decline in cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease and associated dementias, senile dementia, AIDS dementia, attention deficit disorder in general, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mild cognitive impairment, steroid-induced acute psychosis, schizophrenia, and combinations thereof, comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, salt of a prodrug, or a combination thereof, 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         one of A 1 , A 2 , A 3  and A 4  is selected from the group consisting of alkyl-NH-alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heterocyclecarbonyl, heterocyclesulfonyl, aryl 1 , arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclealkyl, heterocycleoxyalkyl, —S(O) 2 —N(R 5 R 6 ), —NR 7 —[C(R 8 R 9 )] n —C(O)—R 10 , —O—[C(R 11 R 12 )] p —C(O)—R 13 , —OR 14a , —N(R 15 R 16 ), —CO 2 R 17 , —C(O)—N (R 18 R 19 ), —C(R 20 R 21 )—OR 22 , —C(R 23 R 24 )—N(R 25 , R 26 ), and heterocycle, with the exception that 5 membered heterocycles may not contain two oxygen atoms, and the remaining members of the group consisting of A 1 , A 2 , A 3  and A 4  are each individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkyl-NH-alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, heterocyclecarbonyl, heterocyclesulfonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl, heterocycleoxyalkyl, —S(O) 2 —N(R 5 R 6 ), —NR 7 —[C(R 8 R 9 )] n —C(O)—R 10 , —O—[C(R 11 R 12 )] p —C(O)—R 13 , —OR 14b , —N(R 15 R 16 ), —CO 2 R 17 , —C(O)—N(R 18 R 19 ), —C(R 20 R 21 )—OR 22 , and —C(R 23 R 24 )—N(R 25 R 26 ); 
         n is 0 or 1; 
         p is 0 or 1; 
         D is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R 27 R 28 )—X— and —C(R 27 R 28 )—C(R 29 R 30 )—X—; 
         E is selected from the group consisting of a cycloalkyl, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocycle, wherein the heteroaryl and the heterocycle are appended to the parent molecular moiety through an available carbon atom, or R 4  and E together with the atoms to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and heterocycle; 
         X is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —N(R 31 )—, —O—, —S—, —S(O)— and —S(O) 2 —; 
         R 1  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; 
         R 2  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and cycloalkyl; 
         R 3  and R 4  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycle and heterocyclealkyl, or R 3  and R 4  together with the atom to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and heterocycle; 
         R 5  and R 6  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkoxy, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsufonyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxy, aryloxyalkyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylcarbonyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl, heterocyclealkylcarbonyl, heterocyclecarbonyl, heterocycleoxyalkyl, heterocycleoxy, heterocyclesulfonyl and hydroxy, or R 5  and R 6  together with the atom to which they are attached form a heterocycle; 
         R 7  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl and heterocycleoxyalkyl; 
         R 8  and R 9  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, or R 8  and R 9  taken together with the atom to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and heterocycle; 
         R 10  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxy, aryloxyalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, cycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxy, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl, heterocycleoxy, heterocycleoxyalkyl and —N(R 32 R 33 ); 
         R 11  and R 12  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl or R 11  and R 12  taken together with the atom to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and heterocycle; 
         R 13  is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy and —N(R 34 R 35 ); 
         R 14a  is selected from the group consisting of carboxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl and heterocycleoxyalkyl; 
         R 14b  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl and heterocycleoxyalkyl; 
         R 15  and R 16  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, carboxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylcarbonyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl, heterocyclealkylcarbonyl, heterocyclecarbonyl, heterocycleoxyalkyl, heterocyclesulfonyl, alkylsufonyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl and arylsulfonyl, or R 15  and R 16  together with the atom to which they are attached form a heterocycle; 
         R 17  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl and heterocycleoxyalkyl; 
         R 18  and R 19  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkoxy, alkyl, alkylsufonyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxy, aryloxyalkyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl, heterocycleoxyalkyl, heterocycleoxy, heterocyclesulfonyl and hydroxy, or R 18  and R 19  together with the atom to which they are attached form a heterocycle; 
         R 20 , R 21  and R 22  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycle and heterocyclealkyl; 
         R 23  and R 24  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylcarbonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycle, heterocyclecarbonyl and heterocyclesulfonyl; 
         R 25  and R 26  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkoxy, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxy, arylsulfonyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkylsulfonyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylcarbonyl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycle, heterocyclecarbonyl, heterocycleoxy, heterocyclesulfonyl and hydroxy, or R 25  and R 26  together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl and heterocycle; 
         R 27  and R 28  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocycle or R 27  and R 28  together with the atom to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and heterocycle, or R 27  and R 29  together with the atoms to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and heterocycle, or R 28  and R 4  together with the atoms to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and heterocycle; 
         R 29  and R 30  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heterocycle, and —N(R 36 R 37 ), or R 29  and R 30  together with the atom to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and heterocycle, or R 29  and R 4  together with the atoms to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and heterocycle, or R 29  and E together with the atoms to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and heterocycle; 
         R 31  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, or R 31  and E together with the atom to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl and heterocycle, or R 31  and R 4  together with the atoms to which they are attached form a heterocycle; 
         R 32  and R 33  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, carboxycycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxy, aryloxyalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl, heterocycleoxyalkyl, heterocycleoxy, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylsufonyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, and heterocyclesulfonyl, or R 32  and R 33  together with the atom to which they are attached form a heterocycle; 
         R 34  and R 35  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, carboxycycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxy, aryloxyalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl, heterocycleoxyalkyl, heterocycleoxy, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylsufonyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, and heterocyclesulfonyl, or R 34  and R 35  together with the atom to which they are attached form a heterocycle; and 
         R 36  and R 37  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and aryl. 
       
     
     
         2 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the inhibitor is a therapeutically suitable metabolite of a compound of formula (I). 
     
     
         3 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the inhibitor is a compound selected from the group consisting of:
 E-4-{[1-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-cyclobutanecarbonyl]-amino}-adamantane-1-carboxylic acid;   E-4-[(1-Phenyl-cyclopropanecarbonyl)-amino]-adamantane-1-carboxylic acid;   E-4-(2-Methyl-2-phenyl-propionylamino)-adamantane-1-carboxylic acid;   E-4-{[1-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-cyclobutanecarbonyl]-amino}-adamantane-1-carboxylic acid amide;   E-4-[(1-Phenyl-cyclopropanecarbonyl)-amino]-adamantane-1-carboxylic acid amide;   E-4-(2-Methyl-2-phenyl-propionylamino)-adamantane-1-carboxylic acid amide;   E-4-({[1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl]carbonyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-({[1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-({[1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclopentyl]carbonyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropanoyl]amino}adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-{[(1-phenylcyclopentyl)carbonyl]amino}adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-({[1-(3-fluorophenyl)cyclopentyl]carbonyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-({[1-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)cyclopentyl]carbonyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-({[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopentyl]carbonyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-({[1-(2-fluorophenyl)cyclopentyl]carbonyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-{[(1-methylcyclohexyl)carbonyl]amino}adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-({[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-({[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-({[1-(4-methylphenyl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-{[2-methyl-2-(4-pyridin-4-ylphenyl)propanoyl]amino}adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-[(2-methyl-2-thien-2-ylpropanoyl)amino]adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-[(2-methyl-2-thien-3-ylpropanoyl)amino]adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-({2-methyl-2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]propanoyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-[(2-methyl-2-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2 yl]phenyl}propanoyl)amino]adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-({[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)cyclopentyl]carbonyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-{[2-(4-bromophenyl)-2-methylpropanoyl]amino}adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-[5-(aminocarbonyl)-2-adamantyl]-3-methyl-1-(2-methylbenzyl)-2-oxopiperidine-3-carboxamide;   E-4-(aminocarbonyl)-2-adamantyl]-1-benzyl-3-methyl-2-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide;   E-4-(aminocarbonyl)-2-adamantyl]-3-methyl-1-(2-methylbenzyl)-2-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide;   E-4-(aminocarbonyl)-2-adamantyl]-1-(2-chlorobenzyl)-3-methyl-2-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide;   E-4-(aminocarbonyl)-2-adamantyl]-1-(3-chlorobenzyl)-3-methyl-2-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide;   E-4-({2-methyl-2-[4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl]propanoyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-{[2-(3-bromophenyl)-2-methylpropanoyl]amino}adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-({2-[4-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)phenyl]-2-methylpropanoyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-{[2-methyl-2-(4-pyridin-3-ylphenyl)propanoyl]amino}adamantane-1-carboxamide;   4-{[({(E)-4-[(2-methyl-2-thien-2-ylpropanoyl)amino]-1-adamantyl}carbonyl)amino]methyl}benzoic acid;   E-4-({2-methyl-2-[4-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl]propanoyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-(aminocarbonyl)-2-adamantyl]-3-methyl-1-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-2-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide;   E-4-(aminocarbonyl)-2-adamantyl]-3-methyl-2-oxo-1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide;   E-4-(aminocarbonyl)-2-adamantyl]-3-methyl-2-oxo-1-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide;   E-4-{[2-methyl-2-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)propanoyl]amino}adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-(aminocarbonyl)-2-adamantyl]-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-methylpiperidine-3-carboxamide;   E-4-{[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanoyl]amino}adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-(aminocarbonyl)-2-adamantyl]-1-benzyl-3-methyl-2-oxopiperidine-3-carboxamide;   E-4-{[2-methyl-2-(4-phenoxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino}adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-{[2-(1-benzothien-3-yl)-2-methylpropanoyl]amino}adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-{[2-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-2-methylpropanoyl]amino}adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-[(2-methyl-2-quinoxalin-2-ylpropanoyl)amino]adamantane-1-carboxamide;   (E)-4-[(2-methyl-2-pyrazin-2-ylpropanoyl)amino]adamantane-1-carboxamide;   N-[(E)-5-(aminocarbonyl)-2-adamantyl]-3-methyl-2-oxo-1-(2-pyridin-2-ylethyl) pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide;   methyl(E)-4-[(2-methyl-2-phenylpropanoyl)amino]adamantane-1-carboxylate;   (E)-4-({2-methyl-2-[3-(1,3-thiazol-4-ylmethoxy)phenyl]propanoyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   (E)-4-({2-methyl-2-[6-(methylamino)pyridin-3-yl]propanoyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   (E)-4-({2-methyl-2-[3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]propanoyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   (E)-4-({2-methyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]propanoyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   (E)-4-[(2-{3-[2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl}-2-methylpropanoyl)amino]adamantane-1-carboxamide;   methyl(E)-4-{[(1-phenylcyclopropyl)carbonyl]amino}adamantane-1-carboxylate;   (E)-4-{[2-(6-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-2-methylpropanoyl]amino}adamantane-1-carboxamide;   (E)-N-[3-(aminocarbonyl)benzyl]-4-[(2-methyl-2-phenylpropanoyl)amino]adamantane-1-carboxamide;   N-[(E)-5-(aminocarbonyl)-2-adamantyl]-1-(2-chlorobenzyl)-3-methyl-2-oxopiperidine-3-carboxamide;   N-[(E)-5-(aminocarbonyl)-2-adamantyl]-3-methyl-2-oxo-1-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl) pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide;   (E)-4-[2-methyl-2-(4-phenoxyphenyl)propanoyl]aminol adamantane-1-carboxylic acid;   N-[(E)-5-(aminosulfonyl)-2-adamantyl]-1-phenylcyclopropanecarboxamide;   (E)-4-({3-[(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)oxy]-2,2-dimethylpropanoyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   N-[(E)-5-(aminocarbonyl)-2-adamantyl]-3-methyl-2-oxo-1-(1-pyridin-2-ylethyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide;   (E)-4-[(2-methyl-3-phenylpropanoyl)amino]adamantane-1-carboxamide;   (E)-4-[2-methyl-2-(6-morpholin-4-ylpyridin-3-yl)propanoyl]amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   methyl(E)-4-({[1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclobutyl]carbonyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxy late;   N-[(E)-5-(aminocarbonyl)-2-adamantyl]-3-methyl-2-oxo-1-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide;   (E)-4-[(2-methyl-2-{6-[(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)amino]pyridin-3-yl}propanoyl)amino]adamantane-1-carboxamide;   (E)-4-[(2-methyl-2-{4-[(E)-2-pyridin-4-ylvinyl]phenyl}propanoyl)amino]adamantane-1-carboxamide;   N-[(E)-5-(aminosulfonyl)-2-adamantyl]-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropanamide;   (E)-4-({2-methyl-2-[3-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)phenyl]propanoyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   (E)-4-{[2-(3-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-2-methylpropanoyl]amino}adamantane-1-carboxamide;   (E)-4-({2-methyl-2-[6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]propanoyl}amino) adamantane-1-carboxamide;   N-[(E)-5-(aminocarbonyl)-2-adamantyl]-3-methyl-2-oxo-1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl) pyrrolidine-3-carboxamide;   (E)-N[4-(aminosulfonyl)benzyl]-4-[(2-methyl-2-phenylpropanoyl)amino]adamantane-1-carboxamide;   (E)-4-({2-methyl-2-[4-(pentyloxy)phenyl]propanoyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxylic acid;   (E)-4-({2-methyl-2-[4-(1,3-thiazol-4-ylmethoxy)phenyl]propanoyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxylic acid;   (E)-4-[(2-methyl-2-phenylpropanoyl)amino]-N-(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   (E)-4-({2-[4-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-2-methylpropanoyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxylic acid;   (E)-4-{[2-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-2-methylpropanoyl]amino}adamantane-1-carboxamide;   (E)-4-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropanoyl]amino}adamantane-1-carboxylic acid;   4-[({[(E)-4-({2-methyl-2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]propanoyl}amino)-1-adamantyl]carbonyl}amino)methyl]benzoic acid;   4-{[({(E)-4-[(2-methyl-2-phenylpropanoyl)amino]-1-adamantyl}carbonyl)amino]methyl}benzoic acid;   3-{[({(E)-4-[(2-methyl-2-phenylpropanoyl)amino]-1-adamantyl}carbonyl)amino]methyl}benzoic acid;   (E)-4-({[1-(4-methylphenyl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxylic acid;   (E)-4-[(2-methyl-2-phenylpropanoyl)amino]-Nyridin-4-ylmethyl)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   (E)-4-({[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)cyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxylic acid;   (E)-N-(2-furylmethyl)-4-[(2-methyl-2-phenylpropanoyl)amino]adamantane-1-carboxamide;   3-[(E)-4-({2-methyl-2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]propanoyl}amino)-1-adamantyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide;   (E)-4-[(2-methyl-2-phenylpropanoyl)amino]-Nyridin-3-ylmethyl)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   (E)-4-[(2-methyl-2-phenylpropanoyl)amino]-Nyridin-2-ylmethyl)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   (E)-4-({2-[4-(cyclohexylmethoxy)phenyl]-2-methylpropanoyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxylic acid;   (E)-4-[(2-methyl-2-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]phenyl}propanoyl)amino]adamantine-1-carboxylic acid; and   N-[(E)-5-(aminosulfonyl)-2-adamantyl]-1-(2-chlorobenzyl)-3-methyl-2-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide;   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, salt of a prodrug, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the patient is a mammal. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein the disorder is mediated by excessive glucocorticoid action in the mammal. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein the disorder is decline in cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein the disorder is neurodegeneration. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein the disorder is dementia, senile dementia or AIDS dementia. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein the disorder is attention deficit disorder in general, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or mild cognitive impairment. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein the disorder is schizophrenia. 
     
     
         11 . A method for treating a patient suffering from a disorder selected from the group consisting of non insulin dependent type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, anxiety, major depressive disorder, psychotic depression, treatment resistant depression, panic disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, depression in Cushing's syndrome, cognitive deficits associated with diabetes and cognitive deficits associated with aging, and combinations thereof, comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of a selective inhibitor of 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Type 1 enzyme activity, wherein said inhibitor is a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, salt of a prodrug, or a combination thereof, 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         one of A 1 , A 2 , A 3  and A 4  is selected from the group consisting of alkyl-NH-alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heterocyclecarbonyl, heterocyclesulfonyl, aryl 1 , arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclealkyl, heterocycleoxyalkyl, —S(O) 2 —N(R 5 R 6 ), —NR 7 —[C(R 8 R 9 )] n —C(O)—R 10 , —O—[C(R 11 R 12 )] p —C(O)—R 13 , —OR 14a , —N(R 15 R 16 ), —CO 2 R 17 , —C(O)—N(R 18 R 19 ), —C(R 20 R 21 )—OR 22 , and —C(R 23 R 24 )—N(R 25 R 26 ); and heterocycle, with the exception that 5 membered heterocycles may not contain two oxygen atoms, and the remaining members of the group consisting of A 1 , A 2 , A 3  and A 4  are each individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkyl-NH-alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, heterocyclecarbonyl, heterocyclesulfonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl, heterocycleoxyalkyl, —S(O) 2 —N(R 5 R 6 ), —NR 7 —[C(R 8 R 9 )] n —C(O)—R 10 , —O—[C(R 11 R 12 )] p —C(O)—R 13 , —OR 14b , —N(R 15 R 16 ), —CO 2 R 17 , —C(O)—N(R 18 R 19 ), —C(R 20 R 21 )—OR 22 , and —C(R 23 R 24 )—N(R 25 R 26 ); 
         n is 0 or 1; 
         p is 0 or 1; 
         D is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —C(R 27 R 28 )—X— and —C(R 27 R 28 )—C(R 29 R 30 )—X—; 
         E is selected from the group consisting of a heteroaryl and heterocycle, wherein the heteroaryl and the heterocycle are appended to the parent molecular moiety through an available carbon atom, or R 4  and E together with the atoms to which they are attached form a heterocycle ring; 
         X is selected from the group consisting of a bond, N(R 31 )—, —O—, —S—, —S(O)— and —S(O) 2 —; 
         R 1  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; 
         R 2  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and cycloalkyl; 
         R 3  and R 4  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycle and heterocyclealkyl, or R 3  and R 4  together with the atom to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and heterocycle; 
         R 5  and R 6  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkoxy, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsufonyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxy, aryloxyalkyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylcarbonyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl, heterocyclealkylcarbonyl, heterocyclecarbonyl, heterocycleoxyalkyl, heterocycleoxy, heterocyclesulfonyl and hydroxy, or R 5  and R 6  together with the atom to which they are attached form a heterocycle; 
         R 7  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl and heterocycleoxyalkyl; 
         R 8  and R 9  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl, or R 8  and R 9  taken together with the atom to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and heterocycle; 
         R 10  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxy, aryloxyalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, cycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxy, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl, heterocycleoxy, heterocycleoxyalkyl and —N(R 32 R 33 ); 
         R 11  and R 12  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl or R 11  and R 12  taken together with the atom to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and heterocycle; 
         R 13  is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy and —N(R 34 R 35 ); 
         R 14a  is selected from the group consisting of carboxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl and heterocycleoxyalkyl; 
         R 14b  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl and heterocycleoxyalkyl; 
         R 15  and R 16  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, carboxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkylcarbonyl, heteroarylcarbonyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl, heterocyclealkylcarbonyl, heterocyclecarbonyl, heterocycleoxyalkyl, heterocyclesulfonyl, alkylsufonyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl and arylsulfonyl, or R 15  and R 16  together with the atom to which they are attached form a heterocycle; 
         R 17  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, carboxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl and heterocycleoxyalkyl; 
         R 18  and R 19  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkoxy, alkyl, alkylsufonyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxy, aryloxyalkyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroaryloxyalkyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl, heterocycleoxyalkyl, heterocycleoxy, heterocyclesulfonyl and hydroxy, or R 18  and R 19  together with the atom to which they are attached form a heterocycle; 
         R 20 , R 21  and R 22  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycle and heterocyclealkyl; 
         R 23  and R 24  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylcarbonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycle, heterocyclecarbonyl and heterocyclesulfonyl; 
         R 25  and R 26  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkoxy, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxy, arylsulfonyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxycycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkylsulfonyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylcarbonyl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylsulfonyl, heterocycle, heterocyclecarbonyl, heterocycleoxy, heterocyclesulfonyl and hydroxy, or R 25  and R 26  together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl and heterocycle; 
         R 27  and R 28  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocycle or R 27  and R 28  together with the atom to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and heterocycle, or R 27  and R 29  together with the atoms to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and heterocycle, or R 28  and R 4  together with the atoms to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and heterocycle; 
         R 29  and R 30  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, heteroaryl, heterocycle, and —N(R 36 R 37 ), or R 29  and R 30  together with the atom to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and heterocycle, or R 29  and R 4  together with the atoms to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and heterocycle, or R 29  and E together with the atoms to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl and heterocycle; 
         R 31  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle and heteroaryl, or R 31  and E together with the atom to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of heteroaryl and heterocycle, or R 31  and R 4  together with the atoms to which they are attached form a heterocycle; 
         R 32  and R 33  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, carboxycycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxy, aryloxyalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl, heterocycleoxyalkyl, heterocycleoxy, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylsufonyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, and heterocyclesulfonyl, or R 32  and R 33  together with the atom to which they are attached form a heterocycle; 
         R 34  and R 35  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy, carboxycycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxy, aryloxyalkyl, heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl, heterocycleoxyalkyl, heterocycleoxy, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylsufonyl, cycloalkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, and heterocyclesulfonyl, or R 34  and R 35  together with the atom to which they are attached form a heterocycle; and 
         R 36  and R 37  are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and aryl. 
       
     
     
         12 . The method according to  claim 11 , wherein the inhibitor is a compound selected from the group consisting of:
 E-4-[(2-methyl-2-thien-2-ylpropanoyl)amino]adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-[(2-methyl-2-thien-3-ylpropanoyl)amino]adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-({2-methyl-2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]propanoyl}amino)adamantane-1-carboxamide;   4-{[({(E)-4-[(2-methyl-2-thien-2-ylpropanoyl)amino]-1-adamantyl}carbonyl)amino]methyl}benzoic acid;   E-4-{[2-methyl-2-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)propanoyl]amino}adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-{[2-(1-benzothien-3-yl)-2-methylpropanoyl]amino}adamantane-1-carboxamide;   E-4-{[2-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-2-methylpropanoyl]amino}adamantane-1-carboxamide; and   E-4-[(2-methyl-2-quinoxalin-2-ylpropanoyl)amino]adamantane-1-carboxamide;   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, salt of a prodrug, or a combination thereof.   
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the patient is a mammal. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the disorder is mediated by excessive glucocorticoid action in a mammal. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the disorder is selected from the group consisting of non insulin dependent type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the disorder is cognitive deficits associated with aging. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the disorder is depression. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein the depression is major depressive disorder, psychotic depression, depression in Cushing's syndrome, or treatment resistant depression. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the disorder is anxiety, panic disorder, or post traumatic stress disorder. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 13 , wherein the disorder is cognitive deficits associated with diabetes.