Cyclic amide derivative

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a GPR40 activating agent having, as an active ingredient, a novel compound having a GPR40 agonist action, a salt of the compound, a solvate of the salt or the compound, or the like, particularly, an insulin secretagogues and a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent against diabetes, obesity, or the like. [Means of Solving the Problem] A compound of Formula (III): (where f is 0 to 2; g is 1 to 4; j is 0 to 3; k is 0 to 2; n is 0 to 2; p is 0 to 4; his 0 to 3; q1 id 0 to 3; q2 is 0 or 1; r1 is 0 to 2 (with the proviso that q1+q2+r1 is 0 to 5); J 1a is —CR 11a —, N; J 2 is —CR 12a R 12b —, —CR 12c —; T is —CH 2 —, O, —S(O) i — (i is an integer of 0 to 2) or —NR 7 —; X is O, S, or —NR 7 —; ring A′″ is a benzene ring, a pyridine ring; ring B′ is a benzene ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrimidine ring; and R 1 to R 14 are specific groups), a salt of the compound, or a solvate of the salt or the compound.

1 . A compound of Formula (III): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         (where n is an integer of 0 to 2; p is an integer of 0 to 4; h is an integer of 0 to 3; j is an integer of 0 to 3; k is an integer of 0 to 2; 
         J 1a  is —CR 11a - or a nitrogen atom; J 2  is —CR 12a R 12b — or —NR 12c — (with the proviso that when J 1a  is a nitrogen atom, h is 0); 
         X is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or —NR 7 —; 
         a ring B′ is a benzene ring, a pyridine ring, or a pyrimidine ring; 
         f is an integer of 0 to 2; g is an integer of 1 to 4; q1 is an integer of 0 to 3; q2 is 0 or 1; r1 is an integer of 0 to 2 (with the proviso that q1+q2+r1 is an integer of 0 to 5); 
         a ring A′″ is a benzene ring or a pyridine ring; 
         T is —CH 2 —, an oxygen atom, —S(O) i — (i is an integer of 0 to 2), or a group optionally selected from a —NR 7 — group; 
         R 1 s are independently a group optionally selected from a halogen atom, a C 1-6  alkyl group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RI, a C 2-6  alkenyl group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RI, a C 2-6  alkynyl group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RI, a C 1-6  alkoxy group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RI, and a cyano group; R 2a  and R 2b  are independently a group optionally selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C 1-6  alkyl group, a C 2-6  alkenyl group, a C 2-6  alkynyl group, a C 1-6  alkoxy group, and a cyano group; R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7  are independently a group optionally selected from a hydrogen atom, a C 1-6  alkyl group, a halogenated C 1-6  alkyl group, a C 2-6  alkenyl group, and a C 2-6  alkynyl group; 
         R 11a s are independently a group optionally selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C 1-6  alkyl group, a halogenated C 1-6  alkyl group, a C 2-6  alkenyl group, a C 2-6  alkynyl group, a C 1-6  alkoxy group, a halogenated C 1-6  alkoxy group, a C 2-7  alkanoyl group, and a carboxy group that is optionally protected; 
         R 12a  and R 12b  are independently a group optionally selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C 1-6  alkyl group, a halogenated C 1-6  alkyl group, a C 2-6  alkenyl group, a C 2-6  alkynyl group, a C 1-6  alkoxy group, a halogenated C 1-6  alkoxy group, and a cyano group; 
         R 12c s are independently a group optionally selected from a hydrogen atom, a C 1-6  alkyl group, and a halogenated C 1-6  alkyl group; 
         R 13 s are independently a group optionally selected from a halogen atom, —OH, a cyano group, a C 1-10  alkyl group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RI, a C 2-10  alkenyl group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RI, a C 2-10  alkynyl group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RI, a C 1-10  alkoxy group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RI, a C 2-10  alkenyloxy group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RI, a C 2-10  alkynyloxy group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RI, —SH, a —S(O) i R a  (i is an integer of 0 to 2) group, and a —NR b R c  group; 
         R 13a  is a group optionally selected from an aryl group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RII, a heterocyclic group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RII, an aralkyl group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RII, a heteroarylalkyl group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RII, a non-aromatic heterocyclic alkyl group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RII, an aryloxy group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RII, a heteroaryloxy group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RII, a non-aromatic heterocyclic oxy group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RII, an aralkyloxy group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RII, a heteroarylalkyloxy group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RII, and a substituted spiropiperidinylmethyl group; 
         R 14 s are independently a group optionally selected from a halogen atom, —OH, a cyano group, a C 1-6  alkyl group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RI, a C 2-6  alkenyl group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RI, a C 2-6  alkynyl group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RI, a C 1-6  alkoxy group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RI, —SH, a —S(O) i R a  (i is an integer of 0 to 2) group, and a —NR b R c  group; 
         R a  is a C 1-6  alkyl group or a halogenated C 1-6  alkyl group; 
         R b  and R c  are independently a group optionally selected from a hydrogen atom, a C 1-6  alkyl group, a halogenated C 1-6  alkyl group, a C 2-6  alkenyl group, a C 2-6  alkynyl group, a C 2-7  alkanoyl group (the alkanoyl group is optionally substituted with —OH or a C 1-6  alkoxy group), a C 1-6  alkylsulfonyl group, an arylcarbonyl group, and a heterocyclic carbonyl group, where R b  and R c  optionally form together with a nitrogen atom to which R b  and R c  are bonded, a 3- to 8-membered cyclic group, where in the cyclic group, one or two carbon atom(s) is(are) optionally substituted with an atom optionally selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and a nitrogen atom (the nitrogen atom is optionally substituted with a C 1-6  alkyl group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RI) or with a carbonyl group, and the cyclic group is further optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RII; 
         the substituents RI are optionally the same as or different from each other and are each a group optionally selected from a halogen atom, —OH, a cyano group, a C 1-6  alkoxy group (the C 1-6  alkoxy group is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 halogen atom(s), 1 to 5 —OH, 1 to 5 C 1-6  alkoxy group(s), 1 to 5 aryl group(s) (the aryl group is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atom(s)), 1 to 5 heterocyclic group(s) (the heterocyclic group is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 C 1-6  alkyl group(s) or 1 to 3 oxo group(s)), 1 to 5 —S(O) i R a  (i is an integer of 0 to 2) group(s), 1 to 5 —SO 2 NR d R e  group(s), 1 to 5 —CONR d R e  group(s), or 1 to 5 —NR b1 R c1  group(s)), a —NR b1 R c1  group, and a heterocyclic oxy group (the heterocyclic oxy group is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 C 1-6  alkyl group(s) or 1 to 3 oxo group(s)); 
         the substituents RII are optionally the same as or different from each other and are each a group optionally selected from the substituents RI, a C 1-6  alkyl group (the C 1-6  alkyl group is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 halogen atom(s), 1 to 5 —OH, 1 to 5 C 1-6  alkoxy group(s), 1 to 5 —S(O) i R a  (i is an integer of 0 to 2) group(s), 1 to 5 —NR b1 R c1  group(s), 1 to 5 —SO 2 NR d R e  group(s), or 1 to 5 —CONR d R e  group(s)), a C 2-6  alkenyl group, a C 2-7  alkanoyl group, an aralkyloxy group, a heterocyclic group (the heterocyclic group is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 C 1-6  alkyl group(s) or 1 to 3 oxo group(s)), a heterocyclic carbonyl group (the heterocyclic carbonyl group is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 C 1-6  alkyl group(s) or 1 to 3 oxo group(s)), a —S(O) i R a  (i is an integer of 0 to 2) group, a —CONR d R e  group, and a —CONR d R e1  group; 
         R d  and R e  are independently a hydrogen atom or a C 1-6  alkyl group (the C 1-6  alkyl group is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 halogen atom(s), 1 to 5 —OH, or 1 to 5 C 1-6  alkoxy group(s)); 
         R e1  is a C 1-6  alkyl group (the C 1-6  alkyl group is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 —OH, 1 to 5 C 1-6  alkoxy group(s), 1 to 5 aryl group(s) (the aryl group is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atom(s)), 1 to 5 heterocyclic group(s) (the heterocyclic group is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 C 1-6  alkyl group(s) or 1 to 3 oxo group(s)), 1 to 5 —S(O) i R a  (i is an integer of 0 to 2) group(s), 1 to 5 —SO 2 NR d R e  group(s), 1 to 5 —CONR d R e  group(s), or 1 to 5 —NR b1 R c1  group(s)); and 
         R b1  and R c1  are independently a group optionally selected from a hydrogen atom, a C 1-6  alkyl group, a C 2-7  alkanoyl group, and a C 1-6  alkylsulfonyl group, where R b1  and R c1  optionally form together with a nitrogen atom to which R b1  and R c1  are bonded, a 3- to 8-membered cyclic group, where in the cyclic group, one or two carbon atom(s) is(are) optionally substituted with an atom optionally selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and a nitrogen atom (the nitrogen atom is optionally substituted with a C 1-6  alkyl group) or with a carbonyl group), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt. 
       
     
     
         2 . The compound according to  claim 1  of Formula (III-1): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         (where n, p, h, q1, q2, r1, the ring B′, T, J 1a , J 2 , R 1 , R 2a , R 2b , R 13 , R 13a , and R 14  are the same as defined in Formula (III); 
         E is a group optionally selected from Formulae (c1) to (c6): 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt. 
     
     
         3 . The compound according to  claim 1  or  2  of Formula (III-1)-1: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         (where n, p, h, T, J 2 , R 1 , R 2a  R 2b , and J 1a  are the same as defined in Formula (III); 
         q is an integer of 0 to 4; s is an integer of 0 to 2 (with the proviso that q+s is an integer of 0 to 5); 
         a ring A′ is an aryl group or a heteroaryl group; 
         V is a single bond or an oxygen atom; 
         R 8 s are independently a group optionally selected from a C 1-6  alkoxy group that is substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) M, a C 2-6  alkenyloxy group that is substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) M, a C 2-6  alkynyloxy group that is substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) M, a —CONR d R e1  group, an aralkyloxy group, a heterocyclic oxy group (the heterocyclic oxy group is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 C 1-6  alkyl group(s) or 1 to 3 oxo group(s)), a heterocyclic group (the heterocyclic group is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 C 1-6  alkyl group(s) or 1 to 3 oxo group(s)), and a heterocyclic carbonyl group (the heterocyclic carbonyl group is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 C 1-6  alkyl group(s) or 1 to 3 oxo group(s)); 
         the substituents M are independently a group optionally selected from a halogen atom, —OH, a C 1-6  alkoxy group, an aryl group (the aryl group is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atom(s)), a heterocyclic group (the heterocyclic group is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 —OH, 1 to 3 C 1-6  alkyl group(s), or 1 to 3 oxo group(s)), a —S(O) i R a  (i is an integer of 0 to 2) group, a —NR b1 R c1  group, a —SO 2 NR d R e  group, and a —CONR d R e  group; R 9 s are independently a group optionally selected from a halogen atom, —OH, a cyano group, a C 1-6  alkyl group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RI, a C 2-6  alkenyl group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RI, a C 2-6  alkynyl group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RI, a C 1-6  alkoxy group that is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) RI, a C 2-7  alkanoyl group, —SH, a —S(O) i R a  (i is an integer of 0 to 2) group, a —NR b1 R c1  group, and a —CONR d R e  group; (RI, R a , R d , R e , R b1 , R c1 , and R e1  above are the same as defined in Formula (III)); 
         q1, r1, T, R 13 , and R 14  are the same as defined in Formula (III); q1+r1 is an integer of 0 to 4; and 
         Ea is a group optionally selected from groups of Formula (c1) or Formula (c4): 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt. 
     
     
         4 . The compound according to  claim 3 , wherein T is —CH 2 — or an oxygen atom, Ea is Formula (c1), either of q or s is 1 or more, 
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt. 
     
     
         5 . The compound according to  claim 3  of Formula (III-1-A)-1: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         (where n, p, h, q, q1, r1, s, V, J 1a , J 2 , R 1 , R 2a , R 2b , R 8 , R 9 , R 13 , and R 14  are the same as defined in Formula (III-1)-1; a ring A″ is a benzene ring, a pyridine ring, or a pyrimidine ring), 
       
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt. 
     
     
         6 . The compound according to  claim 3 , wherein
 in Formula (III-1)-1 and Formula (III-1-A)-1,   R 8  s are independently a group optionally selected from C 1-6  alkoxy group that is substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) M, a —CONR d R e1  group, and an aralkyloxy group,   the substituents M are independently a group optionally selected from a halogen atom, —OH, a C 1-6  alkoxy group, a —S(O) i R a  (i is an integer of 0 to 2; and R a  is a C 1-6  alkyl group or a halogenated C 1-6  alkyl group) group, a —NR b1 R c1  group, a —SO 2 NR d R e  group, and a —CONR d R e  group; and   R 9 s are independently a group optionally selected from a halogen atom, —OH, a cyano group, a C 1-6  alkyl group (the C 1-6  alkyl group is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 halogen atom(s), 1 to 5 —OH, 1 to 5 C 1-6  alkoxy group(s), 1 to 5 —S(O) i R a  (i is an integer of 0 to 2 and R a  is a C 1-6  alkyl group or a halogenated C 1-6  alkyl group) group(s), or 1 to 5 —NR b1 R c1  group(s)), a C 2-6  alkenyl group, a C 1-6  alkoxy group (the C 1-6  alkoxy group is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 halogen atom(s), 1 to 5 —OH, 1 to 5 C 1-6  alkoxy group(s), or 1 to 5 —NR b1 R c1  group(s)), a C 2-7  alkanoyl group, a —S(O) i R a  (i is an integer of 0 to 2 and R a  is a C 1-6  alkyl group or a halogenated C 1-6  alkyl group) group, a —NR b1 R c1  group, and a —CONR d R e  group,   
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt. 
     
     
         7 . The compound according to  claim 6 , wherein
 in Formula (III-1)-1 and Formula (III-1-A)-1,   R 8  s are independently a C 1-6  alkoxy group that is substituted with 1 to 5 substituent(s) M;   
       the substituents M are independently a group optionally selected from —OH, a C 1-6  alkoxy group, a —S(O) i R a  (i is an integer of 0 to 2 and R a  is a C 1-6  alkyl group or a halogenated C 1-6  alkyl group) group, and a —NR b1 R c1  group;
 R 9 s are independently a group optionally selected from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a C 1-6  alkyl group (the C 1-6  alkyl group is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 halogen atom(s)), and a C 1-6  alkoxy group, 
 
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt. 
     
     
         8 . The compound according to  claim 1 , wherein when J 1a  is a nitrogen atom, h is 0, and when J 1a  is CR 11a  and h is an integer of 0 or 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt. 
     
     
         9 . A compound selected from the following compound group:
 5-(4-(((R)-4-(6-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1-oxo-1,2-thiazolidin-3-one (A);   5-(4-(((R)-4-(6-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1-oxo-1,2-thiazolidin-3-one (A)-a;   5-(4-(((R)-4-(6-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1-oxo-1,2-thiazolidin-3-one (A)-b;   5-[4-[[(1R)-4-[6-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl]oxy]phenyl]-1-oxo-1,2-thiazolidin-3-one (A);   5-[4-[[(1R)-4-[6-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl]oxy]phenyl]-1-oxo-1,2-thiazolidin-3-one (A)-a;   5-[4-[[(1R)-4-[6-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl]oxy]phenyl]-1-oxo-1,2-thiazolidin-3-one (A)-b;   4-(((1R)-1-(4-(1-oxo-1,2-thiazolidin-3-one-5-yl)phenoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)oxy)benzonitrile (A);   4-(((1R)-1-(4-(1-oxo-1,2-thiazolidin-3-one-5-yl)phenoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)oxy)benzonitrile (A)-a;   4-(((1R)-1-(4-(1-oxo-1,2-thiazolidin-3-one-5-yl)phenoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)oxy)benzonitrile (A)-b;   4-(((1R)-1-(4-(1,1-dioxo-1,2,6-thiadiazinan-3-one-5-yl)phenoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)oxy)benzonitrile;   5-(4-(((R)-4-phenoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1-oxo-1,2-thiazolidin-3-one;   5-(4-((7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1-oxo-1,2-thiazolidin-3-one;   5-(4-(((R)-4-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1-oxo-1,2-thiazolidin-3-one (A);   5-(4-(((R)-4-(2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)propoxy)phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1-oxo-1,2-thiazolidin-3-one (A);   4-(((1R)-1-(4-(1,1-dioxo-3-oxo-1,2-thiazinan-5-yl)phenoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)oxy)benzonitrile;   5-(4-(((R)-4-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,1-dioxo-1,2-thiazinan-3-one;   5-(4-(((R)-4-(4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,3 dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,1-dioxo-1,2-thiazinan-3-one;   5-(4-(((R)-4-(6-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide;   5-(4-(((R)-4-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide;   5-(4-(((R)-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide;   5-(4-(((R)-4-(4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide;   5-(4-(((R)-4-(4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide (C);   5-(4-(((R)-4-(4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide (D);   5-(4-(((R)-4-(4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide (C);   5-(4-(((R)-4-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide (C);   5-(4-(((R)-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide (C);   5-(4-(((R)-4-(2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)propoxy)phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide (C);   5-(4-(((R)-4-(4-methoxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide (C);   5-(4-(((R)-4-(4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)-2-methylphenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide;   5-(4-(((R)-4-phenoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide;   5-(4-(((R)-4-phenoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide (C);   4-(((1R)-1-(4-(1,1-dioxide-3-oxo-1,2-thiazinan-5-yl)phenoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)oxy)benzonitrile (C);   3-hydroxy-5-(4-(((R)-4-((6-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A);   3-hydroxy-5-(4-(((R)-4-((6-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a;   3-hydroxy-5-(4-(((R)-4-((6-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-b;   3-hydroxy-5-(4-(((R)-4-((6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A);   3-hydroxy-5-(4-(((R)-4-((6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a;   3-hydroxy-5-(4-(((R)-4-((6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-b;   3-hydroxy-5-(4-(((R)-4-(m-tolyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A);   3-hydroxy-5-(4-(((R)-4-(m-tolyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a;   3-hydroxy-5-(4-(((R)-4-(m-tolyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-b;   5-(4-(((R)-4-(6-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A);   5-(4-(((R)-4-(6-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a;   5-(4-(((R)-4-(6-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-b;   3-hydroxy-5-(4-(((R)-4-((2-methylpyridin-3-yl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A);   3-hydroxy-5-(4-(((R)-4-((2-methylpyridin-3-yl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a;   3-hydroxy-5-(4-(((R)-4-((2-methylpyridin-3-yl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-b;   5-(4-(((R)-4-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-isothiazolidine-3-one 1-oxide (A)-a;   5-(4-(((R)-4-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-isothiazolidin-3-one 1-oxide (A)-b;   5-(4-(((R)-4-(4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a;   5-(4-(((R)-4-(4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-b;   5-(4-(((R)-4-(2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)propoxy)phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a;   5-(4-(((R)-4-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a;   3-hydroxy-5-(4-(((R)-4-(4-methoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a;   3-hydroxy-5-(4-(((R)-4-(2-methyl-6-(3-(methylsulfonyl)propoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a;   3-hydroxy-5-(4-(((R)-4-(6-methoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a;   3-hydroxy-5-(4-(((R)-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a;   3-hydroxy-5-(4-(((R)-4-(2-trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a;   3-hydroxy-5-(4-(((R)-4-(o-tolyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a;   5-(4-(((R)-4-(5-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a;   5-(4-(((1R)-4-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a; and   5-(4-(((R)-4-(2-ethoxy-5-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a,   
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt, an optical isomer of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the isomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt of the isomer. 
     
     
         10 . A compound selected from the following compound group:
 5-(4-(((R)-4-(6-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1-oxo-1,2-thiazolidin-3-one (A)-a;   4-(((1R)-1-(4-(1-oxo-1,2-thiazolidin-3-one-5-yl)phenoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)oxy)benzonitrile (A)-a;   4-(((1R)-1-(4-(1,1-dioxo-1,2,6-thiadiazinan-3-one-5-yl)phenoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)oxy)benzonitrile;   5-(4-(((R)-4-(6-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide;   5-(4-(((R)-4-(4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide (C);   5-(4-(((R)-4-(4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide (C);   5-(4-(((R)-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide (C);   5-(4-(((R)-4-(6-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a;   5-(4-(((R)-4-(4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-b;   5-(4-(((R)-4-(2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)propoxy)phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a;   3-hydroxy-5-(4-(((R)-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a; and   5-(4-(((1R)-4-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a,   
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt, an optical isomer of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the isomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt of the isomer. 
     
     
         11 . 5-(4-(((R)-4-(6-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1-oxo-1,2-thiazolidin-3-one (A)-a, 
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt, an optical isomer of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the isomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt of the isomer. 
     
     
         12 . 4-(((1R)-1-(4-(1-oxo-1,2-thiazolidin-3-one-5-yl)phenoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)oxy)benzonitrile (A)-a, 
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt, an optical isomer of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the isomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt of the isomer. 
     
     
         13 . 4-(((1R)-1-(4-(1,1-dioxo-1,2,6-thiadiazinan-3-one-5-yl)phenoxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)oxy)benzonitrile, 
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt, an optical isomer of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the isomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt of the isomer. 
     
     
         14 . 5-(4-(((R)-4-(6-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide, 
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt, an optical isomer of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the isomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt of the isomer. 
     
     
         15 . 5-(4-(((R)-4-(4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide (C), 
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt, an optical isomer of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the isomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt of the isomer. 
     
     
         16 . 5-(4-(((R)-4-(4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide (C), 
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt, an optical isomer of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the isomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt of the isomer. 
     
     
         17 . 5-(4-(((R)-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-1,2-thiazinan-3-one 1,1-dioxide (C), 
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt, an optical isomer of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the isomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt of the isomer. 
     
     
         18 . 5-(4-(((R)-4-(6-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a, 
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt, an optical isomer of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the isomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt of the isomer. 
     
     
         19 . 5-(4-(((R)-4-(4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-b, 
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt, an optical isomer of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the isomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt of the isomer. 
     
     
         20 . 5-(4-(((R)-4-(2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-(methylsulfonyl)propoxy)phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a, 
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt, an optical isomer of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the isomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt of the isomer. 
     
     
         21 . 3-Hydroxy-5-(4-(((R)-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a, 
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt, an optical isomer of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the isomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt of the isomer. 
     
     
         22 . 5-(4-(((1R)-4-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroisothiazole 1-oxide (A)-a, 
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt, an optical isomer of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the isomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt of the isomer. 
     
     
         23 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising: the compound as claimed in any one of  claims 1 ,  9 , or  10 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt. 
     
     
         24 . (canceled) 
     
     
         25 . (canceled) 
     
     
         26 . (canceled) 
     
     
         27 . A pharmaceutical composition, characterized by comprising:
 the compound as claimed in  claim 1 , a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt; and   one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of a PPAR gamma agonist, a biguanide agent, a sulfonylurea, a rapid-acting insulin secretagogue, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, insulin or an insulin derivative, GLP-1 or a GLP-1 agonist, a DPP-IV inhibitor, an alpha-2 antagonist, an SGLT2 inhibitor, an omega-3 fatty acid, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, an HMG-CoA synthase inhibitor, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, an acyl-CoA-cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor, a CETP inhibitor, a squalene synthase inhibitor, an antioxidant, a PPAR alpha agonist, a PPAR delta agonist, an LXR agonist, an FXR agonist, an MTTP inhibitor, a squalene epoxidase inhibitor, a bile acid absorption inhibitor, a CB-1 receptor antagonist, a monoamine reuptake inhibitor, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, a lipase inhibitor, a neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor antagonist, a peptide YY (PYY) receptor antagonist, and an adrenergic beta-3 receptor agonist.   
     
     
         28 . The pharmaceutical composition according to  claim 27 , wherein the DPP-IV inhibitor is a compound selected from sitagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and teneligliptin, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound. 
     
     
         29 . The pharmaceutical composition according to  claim 27 , wherein the DPP-IV inhibitor is sitagliptin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of sitagliptin. 
     
     
         30 . A method for treating or preventing diabetes, comprising:
 administering to a patient an effective amount of the compound as claimed in any one of  claims 1 ,  9 , or  10 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt.   
     
     
         31 . A method for treating or preventing diabetes, comprising:
 administering to a patient an effective amount of the compound as claimed in  claim 1 , a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the salt; and   one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of a PPAR gamma agonist, a biguanide agent, a sulfonylurea, a rapid-acting insulin secretagogue, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, insulin or an insulin derivative, GLP-1 or a GLP-1 agonist, a DPP-IV inhibitor, an alpha-2 antagonist, an SGLT2 inhibitor, an omega-3 fatty acid, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, an HMG-CoA synthase inhibitor, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, an acyl-CoA-cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor, a CETP inhibitor, a squalene synthase inhibitor, an antioxidant, a PPAR alpha agonist, a PPAR delta agonist, an LXR agonist, an FXR agonist, an MTTP inhibitor, a squalene epoxidase inhibitor, a bile acid absorption inhibitor, a CB-1 receptor antagonist, a monoamine reuptake inhibitor, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, a lipase inhibitor, a neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor antagonist, a peptide YY (PYY) receptor antagonist, and an adrenergic beta-3 receptor agonist.   
     
     
         32 . The method of  claim 31 , wherein the DPP-IV inhibitor is a compound selected from sitagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and teneligliptin, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound. 
     
     
         33 . The method of  claim 31 , wherein the DPP-IV inhibitor is sitagliptin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of sitagliptin.