Aiming beam detection for safe laser lithotripsy

Abstract

Medical apparatus includes an endoscope, which includes a distal end configured for insertion into a body cavity and which includes an imaging assembly, configured to capture and output an image of a region of the body cavity in proximity to the distal end. An energy source is configured to emit pulses of energy through an energy guide. A control unit is configured to process the image so as to identify a target mass in the body cavity and to verify that an aiming beam directed through the energy guide is incident on the target mass and, responsively to so verifying, to actuate the energy source to direct a pulse of the energy via the energy guide onto the target mass.

1 . Medical apparatus, comprising:
 an endoscope, which comprises a distal end configured for insertion into a body cavity and which comprises an imaging assembly, configured to capture and output an image of a region of the body cavity in proximity to the distal end;   an energy guide;   an energy source, configured to emit pulses of energy through the energy guide; and   a control unit, which is configured to process the image so as to identify a target mass in the body cavity and to verify that an aiming beam directed through the energy guide is incident on the target mass and, responsively to so verifying, to actuate the energy source to direct a pulse of the energy via the energy guide onto the target mass.   
     
     
         2 . The apparatus according to  claim 1 , and comprising an illumination source, which is configured to direct the aiming beam through the energy guide. 
     
     
         3 . The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein the energy guide passes through the endoscope to an opening at the distal end. 
     
     
         4 . The apparatus according to  claim 3 , wherein the endoscope comprises a working channel, passing through the endoscope to the opening at the distal end, and wherein the energy guide is configured for insertion through the working channel. 
     
     
         5 . The apparatus according to  claim 4 , wherein the energy guide is configured to protrude through the opening at the distal end of the endoscope, so that a distal tip of the energy guide is in proximity to the target mass. 
     
     
         6 . The apparatus according to  claim 4 , wherein the endoscope is configured for insertion through a urinary tract of a patient, wherein the target mass is a stone, and wherein the pulses emitted by the energy source are configured to be absorbed by and thereby induce disintegration of the stone. 
     
     
         7 . The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein the energy guide comprises an optical fiber, and wherein the energy source comprises a laser. 
     
     
         8 . The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein the control unit permits repeated actuation of the energy source even when the aiming beam does not appear in the image to be incident on the target mass, so that the energy source continues to direct further pulses of the energy via the energy guide. 
     
     
         9 . The apparatus according to  claim 8 , wherein the control unit inhibits the operation of the energy source when the aiming beam still does not appear in the image to be incident on the target mass after a predefined time interval following emission of the pulse of energy onto the target mass. 
     
     
         10 . The apparatus according to  claim 1 , further comprising an illumination source, which is configured to direct the aiming beam through the energy guide. 
     
     
         11 . The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein the energy guide passes the endoscope to an opening at the distal end. 
     
     
         12 . The apparatus according to  claim 11 , wherein the endoscope comprises a working channel, passing through the endoscope to the opening at the distal end, and wherein the energy guide is configured for insertion through the working channel. 
     
     
         13 . The apparatus according to  claim 12 , wherein the energy guide is configured to protrude through the opening at the distal end of the endoscope, so that a distal tip of the energy guide is in proximity to the target mass. 
     
     
         14 . The apparatus according to  claim 12 , wherein the endoscope is configured for insertion through a urinary tract of a patient, wherein the target mass is a stone, and wherein the pulses emitted by the energy source are configured to be absorbed by and thereby induce disintegration of the stone. 
     
     
         15 . The apparatus according to  claim 1 , wherein the energy guide comprises an optical fiber, and wherein the energy source comprises a laser.