Systems For Efficient Heating And/Or Cooling And Having Low Climate Change Impact

Abstract

A heat transfer system and method for controlling heat transfer to and from a container having thermal insulation disposed with respect to said container or compartment so as to inhibit the flow of heat into and/or out of the compartment, said insulation comprising a polymeric material having closed cells therein wherein said cells are formed from and/or contain a haloalkene according to Formula IA: where each R is independently Cl, F, H, or CF 3 , provided that the total number of carbon atoms is either 3 or 4, R′ is (CR 2 ) n Y, Y is CF 3 and n is 0 or 1; and a heat transfer system for adding and/or removing heat from the compartment or container by use of a heat transfer fluid comprising a haloalkene Formula IB: where each R is independently Cl, F or H R′ is (CR 2 ) n Y, Y is CF 3 and n is 0 or 1.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A heat transfer system for containing item(s) or fluid(s) at a temperature either below or above ambient temperature comprising: (a) a container or compartment for holding an item(s) or fluid(s) to be maintained in a cooled or heated condition relative to the ambient temperature; (b) thermal insulation disposed with respect to said container or compartment so as to inhibit the flow of heat into and/or out of the compartment, said insulation comprising a polymeric material having closed cells therein wherein said cells are formed from and/or contain a haloalkene according to Formula IA: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where each R is independently Cl, F, H, or CF 3 , provided that the total number of carbon atoms is either 3 or 4, 
         R′ is (CR 2 ) n Y, 
         Y is CF 3    
         and n is 0 or 1; 
       
       and (c) a heat transfer system for adding and/or removing heat from the compartment or container by use of a heat transfer fluid comprising a haloalkene Formula IB: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where each R is independently Cl, F or H 
         R′ is (CR 2 ) n Y, 
         Y is CF 3    
         and n is 0 or 1. 
       
     
     
         2 . The heat transfer system of  claim 1  wherein the haloalkene according to Formula IA is selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (1336), 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234ze), and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         3 . The heat transfer system of  claim 2  wherein 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (1336) consists essentially of the cis isomer. 
     
     
         4 . The heat transfer system of  claim 2  wherein 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd) consists essentially of the trans isomer. 
     
     
         5 . The heat transfer system of  claim 2  wherein 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234ze) consists essentially of the trans isomer. 
     
     
         6 . The heat transfer system of  claim 1  wherein the haloalkene according to Formula IB is selected from the group consisting of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234ze), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf) and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         7 . The heat transfer system of  claim 6  wherein 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd) consists essentially of the trans isomer. 
     
     
         8 . The heat transfer system of  claim 6  wherein 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234ze) consists essentially of the trans isomer. 
     
     
         9 . The heat transfer system of  claim 1  wherein the haloalkene according to Formula IA is 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (1336) or 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd) and the haloalkene according to Formula IB is 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234ze) or 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). 
     
     
         10 . The heat transfer system of  claim 1  wherein the haloalkene according to Formula IA is 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (1336) and the haloalkene according to Formula IB is selected from the group consisting of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234ze) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). 
     
     
         11 . The heat transfer system of  claim 1  wherein the container or compartment for holding an item(s) or fluid(s) is selected from the group consisting of refrigerators, freezers, vending machines, reach-in coolers, transport refrigeration units, and water heater heat pumps. 
     
     
         12 . A method for transferring or removing heat from a container or compartment holding an item(s) or fluid(s) comprising:
 providing thermal insulation within said container or compartment so as to inhibit the flow of heat into and/or out of the compartment, said thermal insulation comprising a polymeric material having closed cells therein wherein said cells are formed from and/or contain a haloalkene according to Formula IA:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where each R is independently Cl, F, H, or CF 3 , provided that the total number of carbon atoms is either 3 or 4, 
         R′ is (CR 2 ) n Y, 
         Y is CF 3    
         and n is 0 or 1; and 
         adding and/or removing heat from the compartment or container by use of a heat transfer fluid comprising a haloalkene Formula IB: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where each R is independently Cl, F or H 
         R′ is (CR 2 ) n Y, 
         Y is CF 3    
         and n is 0 or 1. 
       
     
     
         13 . The heat transfer system of  claim 12  wherein the haloalkene according to Formula IA is selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (1336), 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234ze), and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         14 . The heat transfer system of  claim 13  wherein 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (1336) consists essentially of the cis isomer. 
     
     
         15 . The heat transfer system of  claim 13  wherein 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd) consists essentially of the trans isomer. 
     
     
         16 . The heat transfer system of  claim 13  wherein 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234ze) consists essentially of the trans isomer. 
     
     
         17 . The heat transfer system of  claim 12  wherein the haloalkene according to Formula IB is selected from the group consisting of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234ze), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf) and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         18 . The heat transfer system of  claim 17  wherein 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd) consists essentially of the trans isomer. 
     
     
         19 . The heat transfer system of  claim 17  wherein 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234ze) consists essentially of the trans isomer. 
     
     
         20 . The heat transfer system of  claim 12  wherein the haloalkene according to Formula IA is 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (1336) or 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd) and the haloalkene according to Formula IB is 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234ze) or 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). 
     
     
         21 . The heat transfer system of  claim 12  wherein the haloalkene according to Formula IA is 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (1336) and the haloalkene according to Formula IB is selected from the group consisting of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234ze) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). 
     
     
         22 . The heat transfer system of  claim 12  wherein the container or compartment for holding an item(s) or fluid(s) is selected from the group consisting of refrigerators, freezers, vending machines, reach-in coolers, transport refrigeration units, and water heater heat pumps.