Type 1 Diabetes Biomarkers

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients make antibodies to self-proteins that are potential biomarkers for early detection and risk prediction. We have identified seventeen antigens as biomarkers for early diagnosis and risk prediction of T1D, including the antigens MLH1, MTIF3, PPIL2, NUP50, TOX4, FIGN, C9orf142, ZNF280D, HES1, QRFPR, CTRC, SNX6, SYTL4, ELA2A, IGRP, PAX6, and HMGN3.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A method of diagnosing Type 1 diabetes onset, comprising the step of contacting an antibody-containing fluid sample from a subject with one or more of antigens selected from the group consisting of MLH1, MTIF3, PPIL2, NUP50, TOX4, FIGN, C9orf142, ZNF280D, HES1, QRFPR, CTRC, SNX6, SYTL4, ELA2A, IGRP, PAX6, and HMGN3, wherein detection of antibodies with a suitable detection agent to one or more of these antigens indicates a diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes onset in comparison to a healthy control sample. 
     
     
         2 . A method of screening for a risk factor associated with Type 1 diabetes onset, comprising the step of contacting an antibody-containing fluid sample from a subject with one or more antigens selected from the group consisting of MLH1, MTIF3, PPIL2, NUP50, TOX4, FIGN, C9orf142, ZNF280D, HES1, QRFPR, CTRC, SNX6, SYTL4, ELA2A, IGRP, PAX6, and HMGN3, wherein detection of antibodies with a suitable detection agent to one or more of these antigens indicates an elevated risk of Type 1 diabetes onset in comparison to a healthy control sample. 
     
     
         3 . A kit for assessing the presence of antigens for Type 1 diabetes, comprising an antigen selected from the following: MLH1, MTIF3, PPIL2, NUP50, TOX4, FIGN, C9orf142, ZNF280D, HES1, QRFPR, CTRC, SNX6, SYTL4, ELA2A, IGRP, PAX6, and HMGN to profile serological antibodies, and a suitable detection agent.