Compositions for use in mycotoxin extraction

Abstract

The present invention relates to aqueous compositions comprising cyclodextrins or carbohydrates. The present invention also relates to the use of such compositions in the binding and removal of mycotoxins from foodstuff. The invention also includes compositions that show a broad affinity for mycotoxins.

1 . A method of extracting one or more mycotoxins from foodstuffs, comprising contacting said foodstuffs with a fully aqueous composition comprising a cyclodextrin. 
     
     
         2 .- 13 . (canceled) 
     
     
         14 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the aqueous composition further comprises a buffer. 
     
     
         15 . The method according to  claim 14 , wherein the buffer is a phosphate buffer. 
     
     
         16 . The method according to  claim 15 , wherein the aqueous composition comprises:
 a. 1-15 g/L of sodium chloride (NaCl);   b. 5-20 g/L of disodium phosphate (Na 2 HPO 4 );   c. 0.1-2.0 g/L of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4 ); and   d. 10-150 g/L of a cyclodextrin.   
     
     
         17 . The method according to  claim 16 , wherein the cyclodextrin is an alpha, beta, or gamma cyclodextrin of formula I 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         n is 6, 7, or 8; 
         each R is independently hydrogen or a substituent having the formula A 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein each E is independently selected from C 1-8  aliphatic, C 1-8  cycloaliphatic, and C 1-8  heterocycloaliphatic, or combinations thereof; and 
         an exemplary sample of the cyclodextrin of formula I possesses, on average, 0-10 formula A substituents per cyclodextrin molecule, and wherein the hydroxyl substituent of each formula A may independently be further substituted by another formula A substituent. 
       
     
     
         18 . The method according to  claim 17 , wherein n is 7. 
     
     
         19 . The method according to  claim 17 , wherein an exemplary sample of the cyclodextrin of formula I possesses, on average, 3-6 substituents of formula A per cyclodextrin molecule. 
     
     
         20 . The method according to  claim 19 , wherein an exemplary sample of the cyclodextrin of formula I possesses, on average, 4.1-5.1 substituents of formula A per cyclodextrin molecule. 
     
     
         21 . The method according to  claim 17 , wherein each E is C 1-8  alkyl. 
     
     
         22 . The method according to  claim 21 , wherein each E is independently selected from methylene, ethylene, n-propylene, isopropylene, n-butylene, 1,1-dimethylethylene, 1,2-dimethylethylene, 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         23 . The method according to  claim 22 , wherein each E is isopropylene. 
     
     
         24 . The method according to  claim 17 , wherein the substituent having the formula A is 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         25 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the cyclodextrin is a standard grade hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. 
     
     
         26 .- 32 . (canceled) 
     
     
         33 . The method according to  claim 16 , wherein the cyclodextrin is present in an amount of about 30 g/L. 
     
     
         34 . The method according to  claim 16 , wherein the aqueous composition comprises:
 a. about 8 g/L of sodium chloride (NaCl);   b. about 13.8 g/L of disodium phosphate (Na 2 HPO 4 );   c. about 0.51 g/L of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4 ); and   d. about 30 g/L of a standard grade hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin.   
     
     
         35 . The method according to  claim 16 , wherein the aqueous composition consists essentially of:
 a. water;   b. about 8 g/L of sodium chloride (NaCl);   c. about 13.8 g/L of disodium phosphate (Na 2 HPO 4 );   d. about 0.51 g/L of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4 ); and   e. about 30 g/L of a standard grade hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin.   
     
     
         36 . The method according to  claim 16 , wherein the aqueous composition comprises:
 a. about 8 g/L of sodium chloride (NaCl);   b. about 13.8 g/L of disodium phosphate (Na 2 HPO 4 );   c. about 0.51 g/L of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4 ); and   d. about 120 g/L of a standard grade hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin.   
     
     
         37 . The method according to  claim 16 , wherein the aqueous composition consists essentially of:
 a. water;   b. about 8 g/L of sodium chloride (NaCl);   c. about 13.8 g/L of disodium phosphate (Na 2 HPO 4 );   d. about 0.51 g/L of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4 ); and   e. about 120 g/L of a standard grade hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin.   
     
     
         38 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the foodstuff is a grain. 
     
     
         39 . The method according to  claim 38 , wherein the grain is selected from barley, corn, fonio, kamut, millet, oats, popcorn, rice, rye, sorghum, spelt, teff, triticale, wheat, dry distiller grain, and corn gluten meal. 
     
     
         40 . The method according to  claim 39 , wherein the grain is selected from corn, barley, wheat, and rice. 
     
     
         41 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the mycotoxin is selected from aflatoxin, ochratoxin, fumonisin, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, T2 toxin, and ergot toxin. 
     
     
         42 . The method according to  claim 41 , wherein the mycotoxin is selected from fumonisin, aflatoxin, zearalenone, and ochratoxin. 
     
     
         43 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the method comprises the steps of:
 a) contacting the foodstuff with the composition;   b) optionally, removing the composition from the foodstuff; and   c) contacting a lateral flow detection apparatus comprising a test strip and mycotoxin detector with the composition from step b.   
     
     
         44 . An aqueous composition comprising:
 a. 1-15 g/L of sodium chloride (NaCl);   b. 5-20 g/L of disodium phosphate (Na 2 HPO 4 );   c. 0.1-2.0 g/L of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4 ); and   d. 10-150 g/L of a cyclodextrin.   
     
     
         45 .- 61 . (canceled) 
     
     
         62 . The aqueous composition according to  claim 44 , wherein the composition comprises:
 a. about 8 g/L of sodium chloride (NaCl);   b. about 13.8 g/L of disodium phosphate (Na 2 HPO 4 );   c. about 0.51 g/L of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4 ); and   d. about 30 g/L of a standard grade hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin.   
     
     
         63 . The aqueous composition according to  claim 44 , wherein the composition consists essentially of:
 a. water;   b. about 8 g/L of sodium chloride (NaCl);   c. about 13.8 g/L of disodium phosphate (Na 2 HPO 4 );   d. about 0.51 g/L of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4 ); and   e. about 30 g/L of a standard grade hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin.   
     
     
         64 . The aqueous composition according to  claim 44 , wherein the composition comprises:
 a. about 8 g/L of sodium chloride (NaCl);   b. about 13.8 g/L of disodium phosphate (Na 2 HPO 4 );   c. about 0.51 g/L of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4 ); and   d. about 120 g/L of a standard grade hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin.   
     
     
         65 . The aqueous composition according to  claim 44 , wherein the composition consists essentially of:
 a. water;   b. about 8 g/L of sodium chloride (NaCl);   c. about 13.8 g/L of disodium phosphate (Na 2 HPO 4 );   d. about 0.51 g/L of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4 ); and   e. about 120 g/L of a standard grade hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin.   
     
     
         66 . A pack or kit comprising
 a. a composition according to  claim 44 ;   b. a lateral flow detection apparatus comprising a test strip and mycotoxin detector, and   c. instructions for extracting mycotoxins from a sample of foodstuff with said composition, and subsequently contacting the lateral flow detection apparatus with said composition.