Bone semi-permeable device

Abstract

Bone cages are disclosed including devices for biocompatible implantation. The structures of bone are useful for providing living cells and tissues as well as biologically active molecules to subjects.

1 - 147 . (canceled) 
     
     
         148 . An implantable device, comprising:
 an implantable bone structure having a plurality of pores therein; and   at least one of a resorption altering component or an immunogenicity altering component disposed on at least a portion of the implantable bone structure.   
     
     
         149 . The implantable device of  claim 148 , wherein the resorption altering component includes at least one resorption inhibiting component. 
     
     
         150 . The implantable device of  claim 149 , wherein the at least one resorption inhibiting component includes one or more of a bis-phosphonate, interleukin-4, gamma-interferon, or transforming growth factor-beta. 
     
     
         151 . The implantable device of  claim 148 , wherein the resorption altering component includes a resorption stimulating component. 
     
     
         152 . The implantable device of  claim 151 , wherein the resorption stimulating component includes one or more of interleukin-1, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor, or interleukin-6. 
     
     
         153 . The implantable device of  claim 148 , further including one or more bone growth altering components including estrogen, growth hormone, calcitonin, vitamin D, calcium, parathyroidhormone (PTH-(1-84)), teriparatide (PTH-(1-34)), excess glucocorticoid, insulin-like growth factors I and II, transforming growth factor-beta, acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, or bone morphogenic proteins. 
     
     
         154 . The implantable device of  claim 148 , wherein the immunogenicity altering component includes an immunogenicity inhibiting component. 
     
     
         155 . The implantable device of  claim 154 , wherein the immunogenicity inhibiting component includes mesenchymal stem cells. 
     
     
         156 . The implantable device of  claim 148 , wherein the immunogenicity altering component includes an immuno-modulatory component. 
     
     
         157 . The implantable device of  claim 156 , wherein the immuno-modulatory component includes an immuno-suppressive component. 
     
     
         158 . The implantable device of  claim 157 , wherein the immuno-suppressive component includes one or more of prednisolone or methylprednisolone. 
     
     
         159 . The implantable device of  claim 156 , wherein the immuno-modulatory component includes an immuno-stimulating component. 
     
     
         160 . The implantable device of  claim 159 , wherein the immuno-stimulating component includes one or more of tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ, interleukin 2, or one or more selectins. 
     
     
         161 . The implantable device of  claim 148 , wherein at least some of the plurality of pores exhibit an average pore size about 1 nm to about 150 nm. 
     
     
         162 . The implantable device of  claim 148 , wherein the plurality of pores are configured to provide 1% to 15% porosity in the implantable bone structure. 
     
     
         163 . The implantable device of  claim 148 , wherein the plurality of pores are configured to provide 15% to 90% porosity in the implantable bone structure. 
     
     
         164 . The implantable device of  claim 148 , further including one or more living cells or tissues composed to deliver one or more biologically active molecules to a subject after implantation of the implantable device. 
     
     
         165 . The implantable device of  claim 148 , further including a semi-permeable component that at least partially encloses the one or more portions of the implantable bone structure. 
     
     
         166 . The implantable device of  claim 165 , wherein the semi-permeable component at least partially surrounds the implantable bone structure. 
     
     
         167 . The implantable device of  claim 165 , wherein the semi-permeable component is at least partially surrounded by the implantable bone structure. 
     
     
         168 . The implantable device of  claim 165 , wherein the semi-permeable component includes one or more of cells with tight junctions, a plasma membrane, intracellular membranes, red blood cell ghosts, or aggregated platelets. 
     
     
         169 . The implantable device of  claim 165 , wherein the semi-permeable component at least partially encloses one or more living cells or tissues. 
     
     
         170 . The implantable device of  claim 169 , wherein the one or more living cells or tissues are composed to deliver one or more biologically active molecules to a subject. 
     
     
         171 . The implantable device of  claim 169 , wherein the one or more living cells or tissues are composed to deliver one or more of the resorption altering component or the immunogenicity altering component over a duration of time. 
     
     
         172 . An implantable device, comprising:
 an implantable bone structure including,
 a first region including a first plurality of pores having a first average pore size; 
 a second region including a second plurality of pores having a second average pore size and being located on a portion of the implantable bone structure different than the first plurality of pores; and 
   at least one of a resorption altering component or an immunogenicity altering component disposed on at least one of the first region or the second region.   
     
     
         173 . The implantable device of  claim 172 , wherein at least one of the first or second plurality of pores exhibit an average pore size about 1 nm to about 150 nm. 
     
     
         174 . The implantable device of  claim 172 , wherein at least one of the first or second plurality of pores exhibit an average pore size about 500 to and about 1500 nm. 
     
     
         175 . The implantable device of  claim 172 , wherein the first average pore size and the second average pore size are different from each other. 
     
     
         176 . The implantable device of  claim 172 , wherein the first average pore size is about 1 nm to about 150 nm and the second average pore size is about 500 nm to about 1500 nm. 
     
     
         177 . The implantable device of  claim 172 , wherein the first plurality of pores and second plurality of pores are configured to provide substantially identical porosity in first and second regions of the implantable bone structure. 
     
     
         178 . The implantable device of  claim 172 , wherein the first plurality of pores are configured to provide 1% to 15% porosity in at least one region of the implantable bone structure. 
     
     
         179 . The implantable device of  claim 172 , wherein the first plurality of pores are configured to provide 15% to 90% porosity in at least one region of the implantable bone structure. 
     
     
         180 . The implantable device of  claim 172 , wherein the first plurality of pores and second plurality of pores are configured to provide substantially different porosity in the first region and second region of the implantable bone structure. 
     
     
         181 . The implantable device of  claim 172 , wherein the first plurality of pores are configured to provide 1% to 15% porosity in the first region and the second plurality of pores are configured to provide 15% to 90% porosity in the second region. 
     
     
         182 . The implantable device of  claim 172 , wherein the first plurality of pores and the second plurality of pores are machined into the implantable bone structure. 
     
     
         183 . The implantable device of  claim 172 , wherein:
 the first plurality of pores includes the at least one resorption altering component or the immunogenicity altering component therein; and   the second plurality of pores includes at least one bone growth component therein.   
     
     
         184 . The implantable device of  claim 183 , wherein the at least one bone growth component includes one or more of cell binding peptide P-15, TGF-β, Platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, bone morphogenic proteins, estrogen, growth hormone, calcitonin, vitamin D, calcium, parathyroidhormone (PTH-(1-84)), teriparatide (PTH-(1-34)), glucocorticoid, insulin-like growth factors I and II, transforming growth factor-beta, acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor, or platelet-derived growth factor. 
     
     
         185 . The implantable device of  claim 172 , wherein the implantable bone structure is autologous, allogeneic or xenogeneic with respect to a subject within whom the implantable device is implanted. 
     
     
         186 . The implantable device of  claim 172 , wherein at least one of the first region or the second region of the implantable bone structure includes bone includes at least one of organic, anorganic, demineralized, freeze-dried, or artificial bone. 
     
     
         187 . The implantable device of  claim 172 , wherein at least one of the first region or the second region of the implantable bone structure is immunogenic with respect to a subject within whom the device is implanted. 
     
     
         188 . The implantable device of  claim 172 , wherein at least one of the first region or the second region of the implantable bone structure is non-immunogenic with respect to a subject within whom the device is implanted. 
     
     
         189 . The implantable device of  claim 172 , further including a semi-permeable component that at least partially encloses the one or more portions of the implantable bone structure. 
     
     
         190 . The implantable device of  claim 189 , wherein the semi-permeable component at least partially surrounds the implantable bone structure. 
     
     
         191 . The implantable device of  claim 189 , wherein the semi-permeable component is at least partially surrounded by the implantable bone structure. 
     
     
         192 . The implantable device of  claim 189 , wherein the semi-permeable component includes at least one of cells with tight junctions, a plasma membrane, intracellular membranes, red blood cell ghosts, or aggregated platelets. 
     
     
         193 . The implantable device of  claim 189 , wherein the semi-permeable component is designed to at least partially prevent or at least partially enhance restructuring. 
     
     
         194 . The implantable device of  claim 189 , wherein the semi-permeable component at least partially encloses one or more living cells or tissues. 
     
     
         195 . The implantable device of  claim 194 , wherein the one or more living cells or tissues are composed to deliver one or more biologically active molecules to a subject. 
     
     
         196 . The implantable device of  claim 195 , wherein the one or more living cells or tissues, or one or more biologically active molecules are composed to deliver one or more of the resorption altering component or the immunogenicity altering component over a duration of time. 
     
     
         197 . A method for delivering one or more biologically active molecules to a subject, the method comprising:
 identifying the one or more biologically active molecules to be delivered to the subject; and   implanting in the subject the one or more implantable devices, the one or more implantable devices including,
 an implantable bone structure having,
 a first region including a first plurality of pores having a first average pore size; 
 a second region including a second plurality of pores having a second average pore size and being located on a portion of the implantable bone structure different than the first plurality of pores; 
 wherein the one or more biologically active molecules are provided with the one or more implantable devices in one or more of the first region or the second region.