Systems and methods for bead-based assays in ferrofluids

Abstract

Some embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods for separating, directing, and/or extracting a target molecule from a mix of molecules and may comprise a plurality of non-magnetic beads suspended in a ferro fluid, where the non-magnetic beads may be functionalized with at least one predetermined first molecule configured to bind with a target particle. A microfluidic device may be included which may comprise at least one microfluidic channel, the device configured to dynamically and/or statically receive an amount of the mix. Magnetic field means may be included and may be configured to apply a magnetic field to at least a portion of the at least one channel to exert an indirect force on the non-magnetic beads in the ferro fluid mix, and separate the non-magnetic beads from the ferrofluid. The beads may then be directed to at least one receptor region. At least one outlet may be provided which is arranged to be in communication with the at least one microfluidic channel, the at least one outlet may be configured to receive and extract the separated non-magnetic beads from the ferrofluid.

1 . A method for extracting a target particle from a mix of particles, comprising:
 suspending a plurality of non-magnetic beads in a ferrofluid, the non-magnetic beads being functionalized with at least one predetermined first molecule configured to bind with a target particle;   mixing or otherwise exposing the ferrofluid to a plurality of particles forming a mix, wherein target particles contained in the plurality of particles bind with the first molecules functionalized on the non-magnetic beads;   flowing the mix through at least one micro fluidic channel; and   applying a magnetic field to at least a portion of the at least one channel, wherein the magnetic field is configured to exert an indirect force on the non-magnetic beads to separate the non-magnetic beads from the ferrofluid.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising flowing the separated non-magnetic beads over at least one receptor region provided along the at least one channel, wherein the target particles bind to the molecules of the receptor region. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising extracting the non-magnetic beads from the mix. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the first molecule comprises a ligand. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the target particle comprises a biological particle. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 5 , wherein the biological particle comprises at least one of an organic molecule, a cell, a bacteria, a virus, DNA, RNA, a carbohydrate, a protein, a biomarker, a hormone, kinase, enzyme, cytokine, toxin, and any fragments thereof. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein a source of the magnetic field includes at least one of planar electrodes, electromagnets or a magnet array. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising detecting the target particles via detection means after at least one of: separation of the non-magnetic beads from the ferrofluid and extraction of the non-magnetic beads from the mix. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the detection means includes an optical scanner. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the detection means comprises a flow cytometer. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the ferrofluid includes a plurality of magnetic nanoparticles and the magnetic field is configured to drive the magnetic nanoparticles in a first direction opposite a direction in which the non-magnetic beads are driven. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the separated non-magnetic beads flow into at least one outlet port in communication with the at least one microfluidic channel, such that the non-magnetic beads may be extracted or otherwise collected therefrom. 
     
     
         13 . A system for extracting a target molecule from a mix of molecules, comprising:
 a plurality of non-magnetic beads suspended in a ferrofiuid, the non-magnetic beads being functionalized with at least one predetermined first molecule configured to bind with a target particle;   a plurality of particles, wherein the plurality of particles are mixed with the ferrofluid containing the non-magnetic beads resulting in a ferrofluid mix;   a microfluidic device comprising at least one microfluidic channel, the device configured to dynamically and/or statically receive an amount of the mix;   magnetic field means configured to:
 apply a magnetic field to at least a portion of the at least one channel to exert an indirect force on the non-magnetic beads in the ferrofluid mix, 
 separate the non-magnetic beads from the ferrofluid; 
 direct the non-magnetic beads to at least one receptor region. 
   
     
     
         14 . The system of  claim 13 , further comprising at least one outlet in communication with the at least one microfluidic channel, the at least one outlet configured to receive and extract the separated non-magnetic beads from the ferrofluid. 
     
     
         15 . The system of  claim 13 , wherein the first molecule comprises a ligand. 
     
     
         16 . The system of  claim 13 , wherein the target particle comprise a biological particle. 
     
     
         17 . The system of  claim 16 , wherein the biological particle comprises at least one of an organic molecule, a cell, a bacteria, a virus, DNA, RNA, a carbohydrate, a protein, a biomarker, a hormone, kinase, enzyme, cytokine, toxin, and any fragments thereof. 
     
     
         18 . The system of  claim 13 , wherein the magnetic field means includes at least one of planar electrodes, electromagnets or a magnet array. 
     
     
         19 . The system of  claim 14 , further comprising detection means configured to detect the target particles after at least one of: separation of the non-magnetic beads from the ferrofluid and extraction of the separated non-magnetic beads from the ferrofluid. 
     
     
         20 . The system of  claim 19 , where the detection means includes an optical scanner. 
     
     
         21 . The system of  claim 19 , wherein detection means comprises a flow cytometer. 
     
     
         22 . The system of  claim 13 , wherein the ferrofluid includes a plurality of magnetic beads and the magnetic field is configured to drive the magnetic beads in a first direction opposite a direction in which the non-magnetic particles are driven. 
     
     
         23 . The system of  claim 13 , wherein the separated non-magnetic beads flow into at least one outlet port in communication with the at least one microfluidic channel, such that the non-magnetic beads may be extracted or otherwise collected therefrom.