Implantable hub and satellite system for neural recording and stimulation

Abstract

The systems and methods described herein include an external base station with a tethered transceiver, an implanted hub that includes power, telemetry, and processing electronics, and a plurality of implanted satellite that contain reconfigurable front-end electronics for interfacing with electrodes. The system can operate in different modes. In a first mode, called a base boost mode, the external base station is used for closed-loop control of stimulation therapies. In a second, autonomous mode, closed-loop control is performed in the hub without direct influence from the base station. In a third mode, streams of neural data are transmitted to an offline processor for offline analysis.

What is claimed: 
     
         1 . A neural stimulation and recording system comprising:
 a base station comprising:
 a first low bandwidth transceiver; and 
 a high bandwidth receiver; 
   an implantable neural stimulation and recording hub comprising:
 a second low bandwidth transceiver configured to wirelessly communicate with the first low bandwidth transceiver of the base station; 
 a high bandwidth transmitter configured to wirelessly transmit data to the high bandwidth receiver of the base station; and 
 a processor configured to:
 receive, from the base station via the second low bandwidth transceiver, a configuration setting comprising template parameters; 
 transmit a first neural signal to the base station; 
 receive, from the base station via the second low bandwidth transceiver, a second configuration setting comprising updated template parameters generated responsive to the first neural signal; 
 detect a threshold crossing of a second neural signal received by the implantable neural stimulation and recording hub; 
 determine a neuropsychiatric state responsive to the threshold crossing of the second neural signal and the updated template parameters; and 
 generate an output stimulation command responsive to the determined neuropsychiatric state. 
 
   
     
     
         2 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the first and second low bandwidth transceivers have a bandwidth between about 1 Mbps and about 5 Mbps and the high bandwidth transmitter has a bandwidth between about 5 Mbps and about 50 Mbps. 
     
     
         3 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the first and second low bandwidth transceivers are low-energy Bluetooth® transceivers. 
     
     
         4 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to transmit the first neural signal, via the high bandwidth transmitter, to the high bandwidth receiver of the base station. 
     
     
         5 . The system of  claim 1 , further comprising an offline processor coupled to the base station. 
     
     
         6 . The system of  claim 5 , wherein the offline processor generates the configuration setting responsive to an initial neural signal transmitted from the implantable neural stimulation and recording hub. 
     
     
         7 . The system of  claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of satellites coupled to the implantable neural stimulation and recording hub. 
     
     
         8 . The system of  claim 7 , wherein each of the plurality of satellites comprise at least one electrode configured to measure the first and second neural signals. 
     
     
         9 . The system of  claim 7 , wherein the plurality of satellites is configured to deliver an electrical stimulus responsive to the output stimulation command. 
     
     
         10 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the neuropsychiatric state is one of impulsivity, avoidance, inhibition, and an epileptic state. 
     
     
         11 . A method comprising:
 receiving, at an implantable neural stimulation and recording hub from a base station via a low bandwidth transceiver, a configuration setting comprising template parameters;   transmitting, from the implantable neural stimulation and recording hub, a first neural signal to the base station;   receiving, at the implantable neural stimulation and recording hub from the base station via the low bandwidth transceiver, a second configuration setting comprising updated template parameters generated response to the first neural signal;   detecting a threshold crossing of a second neural signal;   determining a neuropsychiatric state responsive to the threshold crossing of the first neural signal and the updated template parameters; and   generating an output stimulation command responsive to the determined neuropsychiatric state.   
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 11 , further comprising transmitting the first neural signal via a high bandwidth transmitter to a high bandwidth receiver of the base station. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the low bandwidth transceiver has a bandwidth between about 1 Mbps and about 5 Mbps and the high bandwidth transmitter has a bandwidth between about 5 Mbps and about 50 Mbps. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the low bandwidth transceiver is a low-energy Bluetooth® transceiver. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 11 , further comprising transmitting an initial neural signal to an offline processor coupled to the base station. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 15 , further comprising generating, by the offline processor, the configuration setting responsive to the initial neural signal. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 11 , further comprising detecting the first neural signal by at least one of a plurality of satellites coupled to the implantable neural stimulation and recording hub. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 11 , further comprising extracting a plurality of features from the second neural signal and determining the neuropsychiatric state responsive to the plurality of features. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 17 , further comprising delivering, by at least one of the plurality of satellites, an electrical stimulus responsive to the output stimulation command. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the neuropsychiatric state is one of impulsivity, avoidance, inhibition, and an epileptic state.