Nano co-encapsulation for the prevention and treatment of various disorders

Abstract

A nano-composition that includes nanoparticles, a method of forming the nano-composition, and a method of using the composition. The nanoparticles include a nano-shell and one or more compounds co-encapsulated within the nano-shell. The nano-shell of each nanoparticle includes one or more chitosan polymers and one or more polymers subject to each chitosan polymer being covalently bonded to the one or more polymer. Each chitosan polymer in the nano-shell of each nanoparticle includes chitosan, tri-methylated chitosan, or a combination thereof. The one or more polymers in the nano-shell of each nanoparticle include poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), one or more fatty acids, or combinations thereof subject to each fatty acid including oligomer epigallocatechin-3-gallate (OEGCG), hyaluronic acid, oleic acids, myristic acid, caprylic acid, or combinations thereof. Each compound co-encapsulated within the nano-shell includes ajwa extracts, pomegranate extracts, garlic extracts, one or more polyphenols, one or more thiols, or combinations thereof.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A nano-composition comprising: nanoparticles,
 wherein each nanoparticle comprises a nano-shell and one or more compounds co-encapsulated within the nano-shell,   wherein the nano-shell of each nanoparticle comprises one or more chitosan polymers and one or more polymers subject to each chitosan polymer being covalently bonded to the one or more polymers,   wherein each chitosan polymer in the nano-shell of each nanoparticle is independently selected from the group consisting of chitosan, tri-methylated chitosan, and a combination thereof,   wherein the one or more polymers in the nano-shell of each nanoparticle comprise poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), one or more fatty acids, or combinations thereof subject to each fatty acid being independently selected from the group consisting of oligomer epigallocatechin-3-gallate (OEGCG), hyaluronic acid, oleic acids, myristic acid, caprylic acid, and combinations thereof, and   wherein each compound co-encapsulated within the nano-shell is independently selected from the group consisting of ajwa extracts, pomegranate extracts, garlic extracts, one or more polyphenols, one or more thiols, and combinations thereof.   
     
     
         2 . The nano-composition of  claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles of the nano-composition are coated with one or more targeting moieties covalently bonded to respective nano-shells. 
     
     
         3 . The nano-composition of  claim 2 , wherein the one or more targeting moieties are independently selected from the group consisting of glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhizinic acid, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         4 . The nano-composition of  claim 1 , wherein each compound co-encapsulated within the nano-shell is covalently bonded to the one or more chitosan polymers and/or the one or more polymers for sustained release of the one or more compounds co-encapsulated within the nano-shell. 
     
     
         5 . The nano-composition of  claim 1 , wherein one or more chitosan polymers comprise 50 to 90 percent by weight of the nano-shell of each nanoparticle. 
     
     
         6 . The nano-composition of  claim 1 , wherein one or more chitosan polymers comprise 10 to less than 50 percent by weight of the nano-shell of each nanoparticle. 
     
     
         7 . The nano-composition of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more polymers in the nano-shell of each nanoparticle comprise the PLGA. 
     
     
         8 . The nano-composition of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more polymers in the nano-shell of each nanoparticle comprise the one or more fatty acids. 
     
     
         9 . The nano-composition of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more compounds co-encapsulated within the nano-shell of each nanoparticle comprise the one or more polyphenols, and wherein the one or more polyphenols are selected from the group consisting of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), resveratrol, ellagic acid, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         10 . The nano-composition of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more compounds co-encapsulated within the nano-shell of each nanoparticle comprise the one or more thiols, and wherein the one or more thiols are selected from the group consisting of ajoene, allicin, sulforaphan, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         11 . The nano-composition of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more compounds co-encapsulated within the nano-shell of each nanoparticle comprise the ajwa extracts, and wherein the ajwa extracts are water soluble, wherein the one or more chitosan polymers comprise chitosan, and wherein and the one or more polymers comprise hyaluronic acid. 
     
     
         12 . The nano-composition of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more compounds co-encapsulated within the nano-shell of each nanoparticle comprise the ajwa extracts, wherein the ajwa extracts are water insoluble, wherein the one or more chitosan polymers comprise chitosan, and wherein and the one or more polymers are selected from the group consisting of oleic acids, myristic acid, caprylic acid, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         13 . The nano-composition of  claim 1 , wherein each chitosan polymer has a molecular weight in a range of 5,000 to 1200,000 Daltons. 
     
     
         14 . The nano-composition of  claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles have a linear size in a range of 150 to 500 nm. 
     
     
         15 . The nano-composition of  claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles have a positive zeta potential in a range of +10 to +30 mv or a negative zeta potential in a range of −10 to −30 mv. 
     
     
         16 . A method of forming the nano-composition of  claim 1 , said method comprising:
 forming the nano-shell of each nanoparticle; and   co-encapsulating the one or more compounds within the nano-shell of each nanoparticle.   
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 16 , said method further comprising:
 lyophilizing the nanoparticles; and   prior to said lyophilizing the nanoparticles, adding mannitol or sucrose as a cryoprotectant to the nanoparticles.   
     
     
         18 . A method of using the composition of  claim 1 , said method comprising:
 administering the nano-composition to a human being.   
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 18 , wherein the human being has a chemo-preventive disorder. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein the nano-composition is a chemo-preventive promoting anti-angiogenesis functionality, anti-cancer functionality, efficacy and safety for chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, or combinations thereof. 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein the nano-composition is a chemo-preventive functioning to prevent hepatic disorders, pulmonary disorders, cardiac disorders, kidney fibrosis disorders, or combinations thereof. 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 18 , wherein said administering comprises administering the nano-composition orally, topically, or by injection.