Filter materials, filters, filtering systems, and methods of filtering

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide metal ligand nanoparticles, particles including the metal ligand nanoparticles, filters including the metal ligand nanoparticles and/or particles, devices and systems for filtering a fluid, compositions including the metal ligand nanoparticles, and the like.

At least the following is claimed: 
     
         1 . A filter comprising:
 a metal ligand nanoparticle that has the characteristic of absorbing a contaminant, wherein the metal ligand nanoparticle is selected from the group consisting of: Zr, Ti, and Hf, wherein the metal ligand nanoparticle comprises a ligand selected from the group consisting of: HPO 4   2− , (O 3 P—R—PO 3 ) 4− , (O 3 PO—ROPO 3 ) 4− , where R=CH 2 , C 2 H 4 , C 3 H 6 , C 2 H 4 O, or C 6 H 4 , and a combination thereof.   
     
     
         2 . The filter of  claim 1 , wherein the metal ligand nanoparticle is attached to a particle. 
     
     
         3 . The filter of  claim 2 , wherein particle is selected from the group consisting of a silica particle, a polymer particle, and a combination thereof. 
     
     
         4 . The filter of  claim 1 , wherein the contaminant is selected from a group consisting of: a phosphate, an arsenate, and a combination thereof. 
     
     
         5 . The filter of  claim 1 , wherein the metal is Zr. 
     
     
         6 . A structure comprising:
 a filter comprising a metal ligand nanoparticle that has the characteristic of absorbing a contaminant, wherein the metal ligand nanoparticle is selected from the group consisting of: Zr, Ti, and Hf, wherein the metal ligand nanoparticle comprises a ligand selected from the group consisting of: HPO 4   2− , (O 3 P—R—PO 3 ) 4− , (O 3 PO—ROPO 3 ) 4− , where R=CH 2 , C 2 H 4 , C 3 H 6 , C 2 H 4 O, or C 6 H 4 , and a combination thereof; and   a device including the filter, wherein the device is selected from the group consisting of: a down flow filtering device, a static filtering device, a fixed-media filtering device, an up flow filtering device, a fluidized-bed filtering device, a plug-flow batch filtering device, an agitated batch filtering device, a continuous stirred tank filtering device, a centrifugation filtering device, and a combination thereof.   
     
     
         7 . The structure of  claim 6 , wherein the metal is Zr. 
     
     
         8 . The structure of  claim 6 , wherein the metal ligand nanoparticle is attached to a particle. 
     
     
         9 . The structure of  claim 8 , wherein particle is selected from the group consisting of a silica particle, a polymer particle, and a combination thereof. 
     
     
         10 . A method of removing a contaminant from a fluid, comprising:
 exposing the fluid to a filter, wherein the fluid includes the contaminant, wherein the filter comprises a metal ligand nanoparticle that has the characteristic of absorbing a contaminant, wherein the metal ligand nanoparticle is selected from the group consisting of: Zr, Ti, and Hf, wherein the metal ligand nanoparticle comprises a ligand selected from the group consisting of: HPO 4   2− , (O 3 P—R—PO 3 ) 4− , (O 3 PO—ROPO 3 ) 4− , where R=CH 2 , C 2 H 4 , C 3 H 6 , C 2 H 4 O, or C 6 H 4 , and a combination thereof; and   removing the contaminant when the contaminant in the fluid contacts the inorganic metal ligand particle in the filter, wherein the contaminant is removed by adsorption or becomes chemically bonded the particle,   wherein the contaminant is selected from the group consisting of: a phosphate, a phosphate oxoanion, an arsenate, an arsenate oxoanion, and a combination thereof.   
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein the metal is Zr. 
     
     
         12 . A composition, comprising:
 a metal ligand nanoparticle that has the characteristic of absorbing a contaminant, wherein the metal ligand nanoparticle is selected from the group consisting of: Zr, Ti, and Hf, wherein the metal ligand nanoparticle comprises a ligand selected from the group consisting of: HPO 4   2− , (O 3 P—R—PO 3 ) 4− , (O 3 PO—ROPO 3 ) 4− , where R=CH 2 , C 2 H 4 , C 3 H 6 , C 2 H 4 O, or C 6 H 4 , and a combination thereof.   
     
     
         13 . The composition of  claim 12 , wherein the metal is Zr.