Hydraulic fluids from renewable isoparaffins

Abstract

A hydraulic fluid comprising a biobased base oil having hydrolytic stability.

What is claimed is: 
     
         1 . A hydraulic fluid comprising a biobased hydrocarbon base oil having an average molecular weight (weight average) between 300 g/mol and 900 g/mol, and an additive package, the additive package comprising an anti-oxidant. 
     
     
         2 . A hydraulic fluid comprising a biobased hydrocarbon base oil, the hydraulic fluid having a biodegradable rate in excess of 60% as determined in accordance with OECD 301B. 
     
     
         3 . A hydraulic fluid comprising a biobased base oil having the molecular structure:
   [B] n —[P] m  
   wherein,
 [B] is biobased hydrocarbon repeating unit; 
 [P] is non-biobased hydrocarbon repeating unit; 
 n is greater than 1, and m is less than 4; 
 the stereoscopic arrangement of [B] and [P] repeating unit can be linear, branched, and cyclic. 
 the sequential arrangement of [B] and [P] can be block, alternating or random; and 
 the molecular weight is in range of 300 g/mol to 900 g/mol; and 
 the biobased content of the hydraulic fluid is greater than 20%, as measured by ASTM D6866-12. 
   
     
     
         4 . A hydraulic fluid comprising a biobased base oil, wherein at least about 20% of the carbon atoms in the biobased base oil originate from renewable carbon sources and the hydraulic fluid meets Denison Hydraulics standard HF-0. 
     
     
         5 . A hydraulic fluid comprising a biobased base oil, wherein at least about 20% of the carbon atoms in the biobased base oil originate from renewable carbon sources and the hydraulic fluid has a TAN <2 at 1000 hours as determined in accordance with ASTM D943-04a (2010)e1. 
     
     
         6 . A hydraulic fluid comprising a biobased hydrocarbon base oil, wherein at least about 20% of the carbon atoms in the biobased base oil originate from renewable carbon sources and the hydraulic fluid has a pour point of less than 40° C. 
     
     
         7 . A hydraulic fluid comprising a biobased hydrocarbon base oil, the hydraulic fluid being compatible with and suitable for mixing with a Group I, Group II or Group III hydraulic fluid. 
     
     
         8 . A hydraulic fluid having an ISO viscosity grade of 2 to 46,000 and comprising:
 (a) 1 to 95 wt % of a biobased hydrocarbon base oil containing carbon from a renewable source; and   (b)(i) 5 to 50 wt % of at least a first basestock selected from Group I base oils having a viscosity range of from 3 cSt to 50 cSt and combinations thereof, Group II and Group III hydroprocessed base oils and combinations thereof, and Group IV PAOs having a viscosity index of about 130 or less and combinations thereof; or   (b)(ii) 1 to 50 wt % of a second basestock selected from Group V base oils and combinations thereof.   
     
     
         9 . The hydraulic fluid of  claim 8  wherein the hydraulic fluid has an absence of any additional polymeric thickeners and viscosity index improvers. 
     
     
         10 . The hydraulic fluid according to  claim 8  or  9 , wherein the biobased hydrocarbon base oil is characterized by a viscosity index (VI) greater than 160, as measured in accordance with ASTM D2270-10e1, and a branch ratio of less than 0.41. 
     
     
         11 . The hydraulic fluid according to any of  claims 8  to  10 , wherein the hydraulic fluid contains about 2 to 25 wt % of the second basestock. 
     
     
         12 . The hydraulic fluid according to any of  claims 8  to  11 , wherein the second basestock comprises a Group V base-stock selected from alkylated aromatics, polyalkylene glycols, esters, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         13 . The hydraulic fluid according to any of  claims 8  to  12 , wherein the hydraulic fluid comprises 5 to 50 wt % of the first basestock and 1 to 50 wt % of the second basestock. 
     
     
         14 . A hydraulic fluid comprising: (a) a base oil having a weight average molecular weight in the range of 400 to 600 g/mol, a viscosity index greater than 120 and less than 140; and (b) an anti-wear hydraulic oil additive package; wherein the hydraulic fluid has (i) an air release by ASTM D 3427-012 of less than 3 minutes at 50° C., and (ii) a Sequence II foam tendency by ASTM D 892-13 of less than 50 ml, and a biodegradability rate of at least 60% as determined by OECD 301B. 
     
     
         15 . The hydraulic fluid of  claim 14 , wherein the base oil comprises carbon from a renewable source. 
     
     
         16 . The hydraulic fluid of  claim 14  or  15 , wherein the base oil additionally has an average degree of branching in the molecules less than about 8 alkyl branches per 100 carbon atoms. 
     
     
         17 . The hydraulic fluid of  claim 14 ,  15  or  16 , wherein the base oil comprises at least 5 weight percent molecules with monocycloparaffinic functionality. 
     
     
         18 . The hydraulic fluid of any preceding claim, wherein the base oil has a T90-T1-0 boiling range distribution of less than 180° F. 
     
     
         19 . The hydraulic fluid of any preceding claim, wherein the average molecular weight of the base oil is between about 500 and about 900 g/mol. 
     
     
         20 . The hydraulic fluid of any of any preceding claim, wherein the base oil has a Bromine Index <200. 
     
     
         21 . The hydraulic fluid of any preceding claim, wherein the hydraulic fluid has an air release at 50° C. of less than 2.1 minutes. 
     
     
         22 . The hydraulic fluid of any preceding claim, wherein the hydraulic fluid has an air release at 25° C. of less than 10 minutes. 
     
     
         23 . The hydraulic fluid of any preceding claim, wherein the base oil has an aniline point between 212 and 300° F. 
     
     
         24 . The hydraulic fluid of any preceding claim, wherein the hydraulic fluid has a Sequence I foam tendency as determined in accordance with ASTM D892-13 of less than 50 ml. 
     
     
         25 . The hydraulic fluid of any preceding claim, wherein the hydraulic fluid has a Sequence II foam tendency as determined in accordance with ASTM D 892-13 of less than 30 ml. 
     
     
         26 . The hydraulic fluid any preceding claim, wherein the hydraulic fluid has a number of minutes to 3 ml emulsion at 54° C. as determined in accordance with ASTM D1401-12 of less than 30. 
     
     
         27 . The hydraulic fluid of any preceding claim, wherein the hydraulic fluid meets the Denison HF-0 hydraulic oil standard. 
     
     
         28 . The hydraulic fluid of any preceding claim, wherein the hydraulic fluid has an ISO viscosity grade of ISO 22, ISO 32, ISO 46, ISO 68, or ISO 100. 
     
     
         29 . The hydraulic fluid of any preceding claim, wherein the base oil has alkyl branches positioned over various branch carbon resonances as determined in accordance by carbon −13 NMR. 
     
     
         30 . The hydraulic fluid of any of  claims 1  to  29 , wherein the hydraulic fluid has an FZG gear wear rating determined in accordance with ASTM D5182-97 (2014) in excess of 11. 
     
     
         31 . The hydraulic fluid of any preceding claim, wherein the hydraulic fluid is biodegradable. 
     
     
         32 . The hydraulic fluid of any of  claims 1  to  30  wherein the hydraulic fluid has a biodegradable rate in excess of 60% according to by OECD 301B. 
     
     
         33 . The hydraulic fluid of any preceding claim, wherein the base oil comprises a biobased terpene selected from the group consisting of myrcene, ocimene, farnesene, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         34 . The hydraulic fluid of any of preceding claim, wherein the hydraulic fluid comprises an additive package. 
     
     
         35 . The hydraulic fluid of any of  claims 1  to  33  wherein the hydraulic fluid comprises about 0.2 to about 2 wt % of an additive package. 
     
     
         36 . The hydraulic fluid of any of  claims 1  to  33  wherein the hydraulic fluid comprises about 50 wt % to about 99 wt % biobased hydrocarbon base oil and from about 0.2 to about 2 wt % additive package. 
     
     
         37 . The hydraulic fluid of any of  claims 34  to  36  wherein the additive package comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of anti-oxidants, anti-wear agents, extreme pressure agents, defoamants, detergent/dispersant, rust and corrosion inhibitors, and demulsifiers. 
     
     
         38 . The hydraulic fluid of  claim 37  wherein the additive package comprises an anti-wear additive selected from the group consisting of ashless, zinc-free, and zinc-containing anti-wear additives, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         39 . The hydraulic fluid of any preceding claim, wherein the additive package is an ashless additive package. 
     
     
         40 . The hydraulic fluid of any of  claims 1  to  38  wherein the hydraulic fluid comprises less than 0.11 wt. % sulfated ash derived from the additive package. 
     
     
         41 . The hydraulic fluid of any preceding claim, wherein the hydraulic fluid contains between about 0.1 wt % and about 1 wt % of a phenolic anti-oxidant. 
     
     
         42 . The hydraulic fluid of any preceding claim, wherein the hydraulic fluid contains an anti-wear additive. 
     
     
         43 . The hydraulic fluid of  claim 42  wherein the anti-wear additive contains an amine phosphate anti-wear additive and the hydraulic fluid further comprises up to about 1 wt % of the anti-wear additive(s). 
     
     
         44 . The hydraulic fluid of any preceding claim, wherein the hydraulic fluid contains a viscosity index improver. 
     
     
         45 . The hydraulic fluid of  claim 44  wherein the hydraulic fluid contains at least 1 wt % of the viscosity index improver. 
     
     
         46 . In an apparatus comprising a pump lubricated by a hydraulic fluid, the improvement comprising a hydraulic fluid according to any of the preceding claims. 
     
     
         47 . In a gear system, circulation lubrication system, hydraulic system, compressor system, vacuum pump, metal working machinery, electrical switch or connector comprising a hydraulic fluid, the improvement comprising a hydraulic fluid according to any preceding claim.