Residue slurry bed hydrocracking method and device

Abstract

A residue slurry bed hydrocracking method and device is used in the deep processing of crude oil. The processes of “slurry bed+fixed bed” reactor are applied. Raw materials, additives, catalysts and hydrogen are mixed, heated and pressurized before they are introduced into the slurry reactor, where thermal cracking and catalytic reactions occur under high hydrogen partial pressure. The coke, catalysts and additives in the reaction process are separated at the bottom of the heated high pressure separator (HHPS). Then they are transferred in a conventional fixed bed reactor to do further hydrocracking and hydrorefining, to product light oil products. The new Mo-Fe based catalyst developed in the invention can improve the activity of the main reactions, inhibit the reaction of coke production, and reduce system pressure from 20 Mpa to 17 Mpa, which can reduce device costs. Conversion rates can reach 90-95%, with the yield of light oil reaching 80-83%.

We claim: 
     
         1 . A residue slurry bed hydrocracking method, comprising the following steps:
 firstly, residual oil raw materials, additives, catalysts and hydrogen mix, and then they are heated and pressurized before introduced into a slurry bed reactor, where thermal cracking and catalytic reactions occur under high hydrogen partial pressure; the coke, asphaltene and heavy metals are adsorbed on the additive and catalyst during the reaction process, and then all the products are introduced into a heated high pressure separator (HHPS); the solid products are separated from the bottom of the HHPS, but the gases are separated from the top and are transferred in a fixed bed reactor to do further hydrocracking or hydrorefining; the said catalyst is a mixture of molybdate and iron, and the additive is vulcanizing agent, and the reaction pressure in the slurry bed reactor is 17-20 MPa.   
     
     
         2 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the additive is one or the mixture of two carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfide, two methyl sulfide, two butyl mercaptan and sodium sulfide. 
     
     
         3 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is made of iron powder and ammonium molybdate solution by spray granulation. 
     
     
         4 . The method according to  claim 3 , wherein the particle size of the catalyst is less than 10 μm. 
     
     
         5 . The method according to  claim 3 , wherein the mass percentage concentration of ammonium molybdate solution is 10%-50%. 
     
     
         6 . The method according to  claim 3 , wherein the ratio of the amount of iron and molybdenum in the catalyst is 1:150 to 1:200. 
     
     
         7 . The method according to  claim 3 , wherein the addition ratio of the catalyst, additive and residual oil raw material is 0.8-1.2:2-4:100. 
     
     
         8 . A residue slurry bed hydrocracking device, comprising: a residue transportation pipeline which connects an adding device for catalyst and additive firstly, and then connects a heating furnace after merging with a hydrogen conveying pipeline, and then connects a slurry bed reactor that connects HHPS; a fixed bed reactor which connects the upper part of HHPS, and a vacuum flash tower which connects the lower part; the said fixed bed reactor connecting a chill high pressure separator (CHPS), a gas purification device connecting the upper of CHPS, and a fractionating tower connecting the lower part; whereby the catalyst in the adding device is a mixture of molybdate and iron, and the reaction pressure in the slurry bed reactor is 17-20 MPa. 
     
     
         9 . The device according to  claim 8 , wherein the adding device is located on a branch pipe of the residue oil transmission pipeline; a part of residual oil is mixed with the catalyst and the additive in the adding device of the branch pipe, and then is combined with the main residue oil transmission pipeline. 
     
     
         10 . The device according to  claim 8 , wherein the gas purification device is connected with the heating furnace to recover the hydrogen gas through the circulating air compressor.